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1. Your learned evaluative appraisals about yourself and others (whether positive or
negative) are called
A) attitudes.
B) values.
C) beliefs.
D) personal constructs.
E) self-verifications.
2. What is a mental construct that expresses enduring principles of what is good or bad and
right or wrong?
A) attitude
B) value
C) belief
D) self-esteem
E) self-reflection
3. If your friend says, “I think it is wrong to wear fur or leather” he is expressing a(n)
A) attitude.
B) belief.
C) value.
D) personal construct.
E) self-discrepancy.
4. Thoughts and convictions that an individual holds to be true are called
A) attitudes.
B) beliefs.
C) values.
D) personal constructs.
E) self-appraisals.
5. Susan thinks she is not good at delivering public presentations so she doesn’t prepare or
research her topic. During her speech, she is unprepared, forgets to cover one of her main points,
and feels like her speech failed. This behavior demonstrates
A) critical self-reflection.
B) social comparison.
C) Self-Discrepancy Theory.
D) self-fulfilling prophecy.
E) none of the options are correct.
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6. Which of the following is NOT considered to be an influence upon self?
A) face
B) culture
C) family
D) gender
E) religion
7. Culture can include which of the following?
A) age
B) gender
C) sexual orientation
D) religion
E) all of the options are correct
8. According to Self-Verification Theory, people
A) are more likely to associate with only those who provide positive self-concept
support.
B) avoid those who provide negative self-concept support.
C) select those who most accurately support their self-concept.
D) choose those with the same sexual orientation.
E) prefer those who see the world as they do.
9. Which of the following statements reflect the notion that your self-concept is influenced
by the labels that others have of you?
A) My brother always said I was not as smart as him.
B) I see myself as a student, worker, and son.
C) I am happy with myself.
D) I am a happy, extroverted person.
E) My self-esteem is low.
10. If a public figure is not out of the closet to her fans, she is using which strategy to
maintain her public self?
A) face
B) mask
C) closet case
D) Self-Verification Theory
E) Self-Discrepancy Theory
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11. Which of the following may help increase your self-esteem?
A) having consistency between your ought and ideal self
B) living in an appearance culture
C) engaging in social comparison
D) all of the options are correct
E) none of the options are correct
12. Which of the following statement(s) is true about the self?
A) evolves over time
B) influenced by significant people in your life
C) composed of self-awareness
D) composed of self-esteem
E) all of the options are correct
13. Which of the following may influence your self-concept?
A) gender
B) family
C) culture
D) significant others
E) all of the options are correct
14. Perception-checking involves all of the following steps EXCEPT
A) reviewing your knowledge about the person.
B) assessing attributions you’ve made.
C) questioning your impression.
D) hiding your impressions from the person.
E) checking your impression with the person.
15. According to Self-Discrepancy Theory, your self-esteem is highest when
A) your self-concept matches your ideal and ought selves.
B) your self-concept exceeds your ideal and ought selves.
C) there is a great discrepancy between your ideal and ought selves.
D) you perceive your self-concept to be inferior to your ideal and ought selves.
E) your self-concept does not include an ought self.
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16. Critical self-reflection is a comprehensive process involving all of the following steps
EXCEPT
A) thinking about what I am feeling.
B) asking myself why I am thinking the way I am.
C) thinking about how others see me.
D) asking myself why I am feeling how I am.
E) asking myself how I am communicating.
17. When a person is caught in a deception they must address
A) individualism.
B) losing face.
C) social comparison.
D) self appraisals.
E) Self-Discrepancy Theory.
18. Which of the following is a strategy you can use to maintain or save face?
A) use words and actions consistent with the face you are trying to use
B) use communication that complements your face
C) use communication that is consistent with other’s perceptions of you
D) use communication that is reinforced by objects or events of the context
E) all of the options are correct
19. As individuals, we tend to judge and perceive ourselves
A) more honestly than others.
B) more positively than others.
C) about the same as others.
D) more critically than others.
E) less frequently as we mature.
20. If you overindulge at a buffet and the next day explain that everyone else overate, you
are exhibiting which perceptual error?
A) fundamental attribution error
B) salience
C) internal attribution
D) actor-observer effect
E) Self-Verification Theory
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21. If you are winning at a blackjack table, explaining to the other players that you have a
knack for numbers, what attribution error are you committing?
A) self-serving bias
B) fundamental attribution error
C) actor-observer effect
D) external attribution
E) halo effect
22. When you interpret information you form attributions, or
A) the process of assigning meaning and understanding to others’ behavior.
B) creating mental structures that define concept characteristics.
C) noticing stimuli that attract your attention.
D) forming judgments about the characteristics of other people.
E) none of the options are correct
23. After reading that your favorite singer, Justin Bieber, has been fighting, drinking, and
antagonizing the media, you allow this negative information to overshadow your positive
impressions. This an example of
A) Self-Discrepancy Theory.
B) algebraic impressions.
C) perception-checking.
D) horn effect.
E) actor-observer effect.
24. Which of the following perceptual errors results from the tendency to make external
attributions for your own behaviors?
A) Self-Discrepancy Theory
B) algebraic impressions
C) perception-checking
D) horn effect
E) actor-observer effect
25. If your girlfriend just received a notice from the IRS for not paying her federal taxes and
you assume it was just an honest mistake, what perceptual error are you demonstrating?
A) halo effect
B) fundamental attribution error
C) perception-checking
D) horn effect
E) actor-observer effect
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26. What method of impression formation is most likely to lead to prejudice?
A) horn effect
B) halo effect
C) algebraic impressions
D) stereotyping
E) Gestalts
27. Henry just found out his best friend, Jay, is getting divorced. Having recently been
through a divorce himself, he can understand how Jay is feeling and offers to listen if Jay wants
to talk. Henry is demonstrating
A) empathy.
B) supportiveness.
C) sympathy.
D) selflessness.
E) embarrassment.
28. When you’re able to understand a friend’s point of view without necessarily experiencing
her emotions, you’re exhibiting which component of empathy?
A) perception-checking
B) empathetic concern
C) perspective-taking
D) algebraic impressions
E) maintaining face
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Answer Key