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Chapter 09 Test A
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Basic Analogical Reasoning
Judy is considering the purchase of a new Kitchen Maid dishwasher. Judy’s friend Jasper bought a new Kitchen Maid six
months ago, and he finds that the dishwasher gets his dishes, cups, glasses, and eating utensils sparkling clean. Judy
reasons that a new Kitchen Maid will do just as well for her. How do the following facts bear on Judy’s conclusion?
1. Judy buys the same model dishwasher as Jasper’s.
a. Weakens.
b. Strengthens.
c. Has no effect.
2. Judy’s dishwasher has a stainless steel front panel, while Jasper’s is almond colored enamel.
a. Has no effect.
b. Strengthens.
c. Weakens.
3. Judy loads her dishwasher in a helter-skelter manner, whereas Jasper loads his in an orderly way, ensuring proper
separation between the plates, bowls, and utensils.
a. Strengthens.
b. Has no effect.
c. Weakens.
4. Judy always rinses her dishes in the sink before putting them in the dishwasher, but Jasper never rinses anything.
a. Has no effect.
b. Weakens.
c. Strengthens.
5. Judy uses a different kind of soap than Jasper uses.
a. Weakens.
b. Strengthens.
c. Has no effect.
6. Judy has five other friends who bought Kitchen Maid dishwashers. All these friends’ dishes always come out sparkling
clean.
a. Weakens.
b. Strengthens.
c. Has no effect.
7. Judy has five other friends who bought Kitchen Maid dishwashers. All these friends bought a different model from the
one Judy and Jasper bought.
a. Strengthens.
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Chapter 09 Test A
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b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
8. Judy has five other friends who bought Kitchen Maid dishwashers. All these friends live in studio apartments.
a. Has no effect.
b. Weakens.
c. Strengthens.
9. Judy has five other friends who bought Kitchen Maid dishwashers. All these friends are elementary school teachers.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
10. Judy changes her conclusion to state that she will get results almost as good as Jasper’s.
a. Weakens.
b. Strengthens.
c. Has no effect.
11. Analogy and Legal Reasoning
Rachel Paulson, an elderly woman with no living relatives and few close friends, lived in a small house with her longtime
friend and constant companion Terri, a loveable Yorkshire terrier. One day she brought Terri into a veterinary clinic for a
rabies booster. Dr. Curtis, the veterinarian on duty, had just returned from a three martini lunch, and, in place of the rabies
vaccine, he negligently injected Terri with a lethal drug used to euthanize sick and dying animals. Terri died as a result of
the injection. Paulson then filed suit against Curtis for the wrongful death of Terri, asking the court to award her damages
for loss of companionship and emotional distress.
There are two controlling cases in this jurisdiction:
Maggie’s Pets v. Healthy Treats, Inc. Maggie ran a pet store that offered a large number of cats and dogs for sale to the
public. One of the pets was Posie, a toy poodle whom Maggie was particularly attached to. As a result of her fondness for
Posie, Maggie was stricken with grief when Posie died after having been fed contaminated food made by Healthy Treats,
Inc. Maggie filed suit against Healthy Treats for the wrongful death of Posie, and she asked the court to award her
damages for loss of companionship and emotional distress. The court ruled against Maggie, holding that Posie was merely
her personal property. As a result, Maggie was entitled to recover only what she would have received had she succeed in
selling Posie to a customer.
Sanders v. Kinderclinic. When Mr. and Mrs. Sanders brought their six-month-old boy Tyler into the Kinderclinic for a
check-up, the physician who examined him negligently used a stethoscope that was contaminated with a lethal staph
bacterium. As a result, Tyler was infected with the bacterium, and he eventually died from the infection. Tyler’s parents
sued the clinic for wrongful death. The court found in favor of the parents, awarding them damages for loss of
companionship and emotional distress.
Construct two arguments, one supporting Paulson, the other supporting Curtis.
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Chapter 09 Test A
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12. Analogy and Moral Reasoning
Suppose that you, your spouse, and infant child live in a small house in Galveston, Texas, which is situated on the Gulf of
Mexico. Suppose a ferocious hurricane strikes Galveston, knocking out all of the power lines and closing the main
highway to Houston. Luckily your house is spared, and you have enough food in your refrigerator and freezer to last for a
few days. But without electricity, the food will quickly rot, and your supply of infant formula will spoil.
Desperately you race to the closest convenience store to buy a supply of ice, but you find that the store is charging $50 for
a ten pound bag. It turns out that all the other stores are charging the same price, and there is no way you can pay this
much, especially when you realize you will need several bags. So you race to the local Home Depot to buy a small
generator to keep the refrigerator and freezer running. But you find that generators that were going for $200 yesterday are
now selling for over $2000.
The phenomenon that you have encountered is called price gouging. There is no federal law against price gouging, and
while several states have laws outlawing price gouging during an emergency, Texas is not one of them. People who
support the morality of price gouging argue that a seller should be able to charge whatever he can get for a product, while
those who oppose it argue that it is simply wrong to take advantage of people during an emergency. Develop as many
arguments from analogy you can think of either supporting or opposing the morality of price gouging.