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Categorical Proposition 1A
Given the categorical proposition:
“All wiretaps that are approved without a warrant are surveillance techniques that are not legal.”
1. In Categorical Proposition 1A, the subject term is:
a. Surveillance techniques that are not legal.
b. Warrant.
c. Surveillance techniques.
d. Wiretaps.
e. Wiretaps that are approved without a warrant.
2. In Categorical Proposition 1A, the copula is:
a. Are.
b. Are not.
c. All.
d. Affirmative.
e. Are not legal.
3. In Categorical Proposition 1A, the quantifier is:
a. Are.
b. Particular.
c. All.
d. Universal.
e. Are not.
4. In Categorical Proposition 1A, the quality is:
a. Not.
b. Universal.
c. Negative.
d. Affirmative.
e. Particular
5. In Categorical Proposition 1A:
a. The subject term is universal and the predicate term is particular.
b. The subject term is distributed and the predicate term is undistributed.
c. The subject term is undistributed and the predicate term is distributed.
d. Both the subject term and the predicate term are distributed.
e. Both the subject term and the predicate term are undistributed.
INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for each multiple choice question.
6. Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?
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a. No mutual funds are completely without risk.
b. No physicians are immune from making mistakes.
c. Not every restaurant serves organic food.
d. Some carwashes are solar powered operations.
e. All sleep aids are not drugs without side effects.
7. The proposition “No flight delays are occurrences welcomed by passengers” is an:
a. I-type.
b. U-type.
c. E-type.
d. O-type.
e. A-type.
8. Given the categorical proposition “Some teaching careers are not rewarding occupations.” If the quality but not the
quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:
a. Some teaching careers are rewarding occupations.
b. All teaching careers are unrewarding occupations.
c. No teaching careers are rewarding occupations.
d. All teaching careers are rewarding occupations.
e. Some teaching careers are unrewarding occupations.
9. Given the categorical proposition “No corporations are real persons.” If the quantity but not the quality is changed, the
resulting proposition is:
a. No real persons are corporations.
b. Some corporations are not real persons.
c. All corporations are real persons.
d. Some corporations are real persons.
e. No corporations are not real persons.
10. Given the categorical proposition “All Emmy winners are celebrities.” If both the quality and the quantity are changed,
the resulting proposition is:
a. No Emmy winners are people who are not celebrities.
b. All people who are not celebrities are people who are not Emmy winners.
c. No Emmy winners are celebrities.
d. Some Emmy winners are celebrities.
INSTRUCTIONS: In each problem below you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an
operation/relation to be performed on that statement. You must identify the new statement and the truth value of the new
statement. Take the Aristotelian standpoint and assume that ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote things that actually exist.
11. All A are B. (T) Contrary
a. No A are B. (Und.)
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b. All B are A. (Und.)
c. Some A are B. (T)
d. No A are B. (F)
e. No A are non–B. (T)
12. Some A are non–B. (F) Obversion
a. Some A are not B. (F)
b. Some A are not non-B. (T)
c. Some A are B. (F)
d. No A are B. (F)
e. Some B are non-A. (Und.)
13. All non-A are B. (F) Subalternation
a. All non-B are A. (F)
b. No non-A are B. (Und.)
c. Some non-A are B. (F)
d. Some non-A are not B. (T)
e. Some non-A are B. (Und.)
14. No non-A are B. (T) Conversion
a. No non-B are A. (Und.)
b. No A are non–B. (T)
c. No B are non–A. (T)
d. All non-A are non–B. (T)
e. All non-A are B. (F)
15. Some A are not non-B. (F) Contradiction
a. Some A are non-B. (T)
b. All A are non–B. (T)
c. Some B are not non-A. (F)
d. Some A are non-B. (T)
e. Some A are B. (T)
16. All non-A are B. (T) Contraposition
a. All B are non–A. (Und.)
b. All non-B are A. (T)
c. All A are non–B. (T)
d. All non-B are A. (Und.)
e. All A are non–B. (Und.)
17. Some non-A are not B. (T) Subcontrary
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a. Some non-A are B. (Und.)
b. No non-A are B. (Und.)
c. All non-A are B. (F)
d. Some A are B. (T)
e. Some non-B are not A. (T)
INSTRUCTIONS: In each problem below, you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new
statement. You must determine how the new statement is related to the given statement and determine the truth value of
the new statement. Take the Aristotelian standpoint and assume that ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote things that actually exist.
18. Some A are not non-B. (T) Some A are B.
a. Contraposition. (T)
b. Conversion. (Und.)
c. Contradiction. (F)
d. Obversion. (T)
e. Subcontrary. (Und.)
19. Some A are B. (F) Some A are not B.
a. Subcontrary. (Und.)
b. Conversion. (F)
c. Contradiction. (T)
d. Conversion. (T)
e. Subcontrary. (T)
20. No non-A are non–B. (F) All non-A are non–B.
a. Contradiction. (T)
b. Obversion. (F)
c. Contrary. (Und.)
d. Contraposition. (Und.)
e. Subcontrary. (T)
21. Some non-A are non–B. (F) Some B are A.
a. Conversion. (T)
b. Contraposition. (Und.)
c. Conversion. (F)
d. Subcontrary. (T)
e. Contraposition. (F)
22. All non-A are B. (T) Some non-A are not B.
a. Contradiction. (F)
b. Contraposition. (T)
c. Subalternation. (T)
d. Conversion. (Und.)
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e. Contrary. (Und.)
23. Some A are non–B. (T) Some non-B are A.
a. Contraposition. (Und.)
b. Contrary. (F)
c. Conversion. (T)
d. Subalternation. (Und.)
e. Contradiction. (F)
24. Some non-A are not B. (F) No non-A are B.
a. Subcontrary. (Und.)
b. Subalternation. (F)
c. Subcontrary. (T)
d. Subalternation. (Und.)
e. Contradiction. (T)
INSTRUCTIONS: Select the answer that best characterizes each immediate inference. Adopt the Aristotelian standpoint
for these problems.
25. No mint juleps are sour concoctions. Therefore, no sour concoctions are mint juleps.
a. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
b. Invalid, illicit conversion.
c. Invalid, illicit contrary.
d. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
e. Valid, no fallacy.
26. It is false that no exercise machines are cumbersome devices. Therefore, all exercise machines are cumbersome
devices.
a. Invalid, existential fallacy.
b. Invalid, illicit contrary.
c. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
d. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
e. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
27. All werewolves are unwelcome companions. Therefore, no werewolves are welcome companions.
a. Invalid, existential fallacy.
b. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
c. Valid, no fallacy.
d. Invalid, illicit contrary.
e. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
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28. It is false that some identity crises are tranquil happenings. Therefore, some identity crises are not tranquil happenings.
a. Valid, no fallacy.
b. Invalid, illicit contrary.
c. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
d. Invalid, illicit conversion.
e. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
29. Some student loans are not lifetime burdens. Therefore, some lifetime burdens are not student loans.
a. Valid, no fallacy.
b. Invalid, illicit contrary.
c. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
d. Invalid, illicit conversion.
e. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
30. It is false that some four-sided triangles are commonplace figures. Therefore, some four-sided triangles are not
commonplace figures.
a. Valid, no fallacy.
b. Invalid, existential fallacy.
c. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
d. Invalid, illicit contrary.
e. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
31. All advertisements are attempts to deceive. Therefore, it is false that no advertisements are attempts to deceive.
a. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
b. Invalid, illicit contrary.
c. Invalid, illicit conversion.
d. Valid, no fallacy.
e. Invalid, existential fallacy.
32. No credit crunches are financial blessings. Therefore, some credit crunches are not financial blessings.
a. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
b. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
c. Valid, no fallacy.
d. Invalid, illicit contrary.
e. Invalid, illicit conversion.
33. Some painkillers are not addictive medicines. Therefore, some painkillers are addictive medicines.
a. Valid, no fallacy.
b. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
c. Invalid, illicit contrary.
d. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
e. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
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34. Some happy endings are not unplanned outcomes. Therefore, some planned outcomes are not unhappy endings.
a. Valid, no fallacy.
b. Invalid, illicit conversion.
c. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
d. Invalid, illicit obversion.
e. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
35. Some mistakes are not enduring tragedies. Therefore, no mistakes are enduring tragedies.
a. Invalid, illicit contrary.
b. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
c. Valid, no fallacy
d. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
e. Invalid, existential fallacy.
36. All married bachelors are polygamists. Therefore, it is false that some married bachelors are not polygamists.
a. Invalid, existential fallacy.
b. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
c. Valid, no fallacy.
d. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
e. Invalid, illicit contrary.
37. No expensive lawsuits are friendly exchanges. Therefore, no unfriendly exchanges are inexpensive lawsuits.
a. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
b. Valid, no fallacy.
c. Invalid, illicit conversion.
d. Invalid, illicit obversion.
e. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
INSTRUCTIONS: Fill in the Venn diagram for each statement.
38. No S are P. (Boolean standpoint)
After filling in the Venn diagram,
a. Areas 1 and 3 are shaded.
b. There is an X in Area 1 and an X in Area 3.
c. There is an X in Area 2, and there are no other marks.
d. Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks.
e. Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1.
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39. All S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint)
After filling in the Venn diagram,
a. Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2.
b. Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks.
c. There is an X in Area 2, and there are no other marks.
d. Area 3 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2.
e. Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1.
40. Some S are not P. (Boolean standpoint)
After filling in the Venn diagram,
a. Area 1 is shaded, and there is an X in Area 2.
b. Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks.
c. There is an X in Area 1, and there are no other marks.
d. Areas 1 and 3 are shaded.
e. There is an X in Area 1 and in Area 2.
INSTRUCTIONS: Select the best translation for each categorical proposition.
41. Few students are truly dedicated.
a. Some students are not truly dedicated people.
b. Not all students are people who are truly dedicated.
c. Some students are truly dedicated people.
d. Some students are truly dedicated people, and some students are not truly dedicated people.
e. No students are truly dedicated people.
42. He says whatever comes to mind.
a. All things he says are things that come to mind.
b. Some things he says are things that come to mind.
c. No things that do not come to mind are things he says.
d. All persons identical to him say whatever comes to mind.
e. All things that come to mind are things he says.
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43. There is a bed in the attic.
a. Some beds are not things in the attic.
b. Some beds are things in the attic.
c. All attics are things that contain a bed.
d. Some beds are in the attic.
e. Some beds are things in the attic and some beds are not things in the attic.
44. Marriages are not tolerable unless they are loving.
a. Some tolerable marriages are loving marriages.
b. All loving marriages are tolerable marriages.
c. All tolerable marriages are loving marriages.
d. All tolerable marriages are loving marriages, and all marriages that are not loving are marriages that are not
tolerable.
e. No intolerable marriages are loving marriages.
45. Easter never occurs in February.
a. No times Easter occurs are times in February.
b. All times in February are not times Easter occurs.
c. All times Easter occurs are not times in February.
d. All times that are not February are times Easter occurs.
e. No Easters are in February.
46. All of the tools except the wrenches are rusted.
a. All tools that are not wrenches are tools that are rusted.
b. No wrenches are tools that are rusted.
c. Some wrenches are tools that are rusted and some wrenches are not tools that are rusted.
d. No wrenches are tools that are rusted, and all tools that are not wrenches are tools that are rusted.
e. All tools that are not rusted are wrenches.
47. Wherever there is water there is life.
a. All places there is life are places there is water.
b. All places there is no water are places there is no life.
c. All places there is water are places there is life.
d. All times there is water are times there is life.
e. Some places there is water are places there is life.
48. An eagle circled overhead.
a. Some eagles are birds that circled overhead.
b. Some eagles circled overhead.
c. All eagles are birds that circled overhead.
d. Some birds identical to eagles are birds that circled overhead.
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e. All birds that circled overhead are eagles.
49. None but benefactors are philanthropists.
a. Some benefactors are not philanthropists.
b. All philanthropists are benefactors.
c. All people who are not philanthropists are people who are not benefactors.
d. No people who are not philanthropists are benefactors.
e. All benefactors are philanthropists.
50. Soft drinks are not alcoholic.
a. No things identical to soft drinks are things identical to alcoholic beverages.
b. Some soft drinks are not alcoholic beverages.
c. All soft drinks are not alcoholic beverages.
d. All soft drinks are nonalcoholic.
e. No soft drinks are alcoholic beverages.