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Chapter 13 Test C
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1. Hypothetical reasoning is used to produce an explanation for the occurrence of a phenomenon when:
a. The phenomenon is not observable.
b. The reason for its occurrence is incomprehensible.
c. The phenomenon is not measurable.
d. The reason for its occurrence is not immediately observable.
e. The reason for its occurrence lies outside the realm of science.
2. Which of the following is NOT involved in the hypothetical method?
a. The occurrence of a problem.
b. Drawing implications from the hypothesis.
c. Attempting to falsify the hypothesis.
d. Testing the implications.
e. Formulating a hypothesis.
3. Suppose that a detective formulates the hypothesis that a pair of gloves found at the scene of a burglary belongs to the
burglar. Such a hypothesis is called:
a. An empirical hypothesis.
b. A tentative hypothesis.
c. A theoretical hypothesis.
d. A conjectural hypothesis.
e. An investigational hypothesis.
4. Suppose an implication is derived from a hypothesis, and the implication turns out to be true. This fact:
a. Makes the hypothesis easier to understand.
b. Tends to confirm the hypothesis.
c. Proves the hypothesis true.
d. Sheds light on the hypothesis.
e. Has no effect on the acceptability of the hypothesis.
5. One of the functions of a hypothesis is to:
a. Close the gap between fact and theory.
b. Eliminate the need for evidence.
c. Introduce certainty into science.
d. Eliminate the need for an explanation.
e. Direct the search for evidence.
6. A key discovery underlying Marie Curie’s hypothesis about radium was that:
a. Pitchblende emits less radiation than pure uranium.
b. Thorium emits more radiation than pitchblende.
c. Pitchblende emits more radiation than pure uranium.
d. Pitchblende emits more radiation than radium.
e. Radium emits more radiation than thorium.
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Chapter 13 Test C
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7. The underlying problem that led to the discovery of Neptune was:
a. Why the orbital path of Uranus deviated from what was predicted.
b. Why the orbit of Uranus is elliptical.
c. Why the orbital path of Saturn deviated from what was predicted.
d. Why the moons of Jupiter failed to influence the rotation of Jupiter.
e. Why Saturn has a greater mass than Uranus.
8. One of the underlying problems that led to the discovery of atmospheric pressure was:
a. Why barometers work better on mountain tops than they do in valleys.
b. Why vacuum pumps were more effective than siphons.
c. Why it is harder to open a wine barrel in the winter than in the summer.
d. Why siphons would not work beyond certain height limitations.
e. Why fermentation occurs more rapidly in sealed containers than in open containers.
9. Pasteur’s hypothesis involving spontaneous generation was:
a. Life arises from the application of heat to nutrient solutions.
b. Life comes only from life.
c. Primitive life forms are present in yeast.
d. Life forms are present in the tails of comets.
e. Life arises from the spontaneous synthesis of organic chemicals.
10. One of the hypotheses Pasteur offered to explain the emergence of microbes in sterilized nutrient solutions was that:
a. Microbes were deposited by dust particles in the air.
b. Temperature resistant spores were present in the solution prior to boiling.
c. Microbes arose from the agency of oxygen on the solution.
d. The container holding the solution had not been properly sanitized.
e. Microbes arose from a chemical reaction in the solution.
11. Hypotheses that concern how something should be conceptualized are called:
a. Psychological hypotheses.
b. Scientific hypotheses.
c. Conceptual hypotheses.
d. Empirical hypotheses.
e. Theoretical hypotheses.
12. How well a hypothesis fits the facts it is intended to explain is a measure of its:
a. Fruitfulness.
b. External consistency.
c. Adequacy.
d. Internal coherence.
e. Rationality.
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Chapter 13 Test C
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13. How well the component ideas in a hypothesis are interconnected is a measure of that hypothesis’:
a. Fruitfulness.
b. Internal coherence.
c. Adequacy.
d. Dependability.
e. External consistency.
14. The degree to which a hypothesis does not conflict with other, well established hypotheses is a measure of its:
a. External consistency.
b. Respectability.
c. Internal coherence.
d. Fruitfulness.
e. Adequacy.
15. The extent to which a hypothesis suggests new ideas for future analysis and confirmation is a measure of its:
a. Internal coherence.
b. Adequacy.
c. Fruitfulness.
d. External consistency.
e. Rationality.