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Chapter 13 Test B
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1. Hypothetical reasoning is typically used to produce:
a. Categorical syllogisms.
b. Explanations.
c. Arguments from analogy.
d. Causal inferences.
e. Conditional statements.
2. A hypothesis is:
a. A conjecture created by the mind of the investigator.
b. A conclusion derived from the evidence.
c. A deductive implication from a higher level theory.
d. A prediction derived from prior observations.
e. A refined observation suggested by preliminary observations.
3. If an implication derived from a hypothesis turns out to be true, then:
a. The implication is used to test other hypotheses.
b. The hypothesis is proven to be true.
c. The hypothesis becomes a law.
d. The hypothesis is usually discarded.
e. The hypothesis is inductively supported.
4. Marie Curie discovered radium by breaking down:
a. Polonium.
b. Uranium.
c. Thorium.
d. Pitchblende.
e. Plutonium.
5. In regard to the discovery of Neptune, the work of Adams and Leverrier:
a. Told astronomers where to look for the new planet.
b. Predicted the color of the new planet.
c. Predicted the mineral composition of the new planet.
d. Served to correct errors in the calculated orbit of Uranus.
e. Revealed for the first time the gravitational interaction between Uranus, Jupiter, and Saturn.
6. Prior to the discovery of atmospheric pressure, the operation of siphons was explained by the principle that:
a. Water is naturally drawn into a region of least pressure.
b. The water in siphons is supported by demons.
c. Nature abhors a vacuum.
d. Water rises in an open tube by capillary action.
e. Higher pressure results in a greater volume of flow.
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Chapter 13 Test B
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7. One of the implications of the atmospheric pressure hypothesis is that:
a. A properly constructed vacuum pump would operate to a height of about 45 feet.
b. The atmosphere would support a column of mercury to a height of about 29 inches.
c. Storms are always accompanied by an increase in atmospheric pressure.
d. Barometers do not work as well on mountain tops as they do at sea level.
e. Water boils at a higher temperature on mountain tops than it does at sea level.
8. Prior to the work of Louis Pasteur, the emergence of organisms such as worms, frogs, and eels was explained by:
a. The theory that nature abhors a vacuum.
b. The theory that organisms of this sort are causes by flies.
c. The theory that organisms of this sort are caused by cosmic dust.
d. The theory of spontaneous generation.
e. Aristotle’s theory of hylomorphism.
9. The biologist John Needham hypothesized that:
a. Life is created through the agency of hydrogen.
b. Life comes only from life.
c. Life is created by the action of oxygen on a nutrient solution.
d. The seeds of all living forms are hidden in water.
e. Microbes are deposited in nutrient solutions by dust particles in the air.
10. The hypotheses leading to the discovery of Neptune and Radium can be called:
a. Conditional hypotheses.
b. Theoretical hypotheses.
c. Astronomical hypotheses.
d. Conceptual hypotheses.
e. Empirical hypothesis.
11. One problem relating to the proof of hypotheses is that:
a. Observation is theory dependent.
b. Hypotheses are not observable things.
c. Every hypothesis is eventually disproved.
d. The number of implications derivable from a hypothesis is limited.
e. Most hypotheses entail inconsistent implications.
12. Because Einstein’s theory of relativity accounted for the precise time of certain eclipses with greater accuracy than did
Newton’s theory, Einstein’s theory is:
a. More externally consistent.
b. More adequate.
c. More fruitful.
d. More internally coherent
e. More rational.
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Chapter 13 Test B
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13. In relation to earlier theories, Maxwell’s theory of the electromagnetic field, which unified the phenomena of light,
electricity, and magnetism, is:
a. More externally consistent.
b. More adequate.
c. More fruitful.
d. More internally coherent.
e. More phenomenalistic.
14. The agreement of Marie Curie’s hypothesis about the existence of radium with Mendeleev’s periodic table of the
elements is an illustration of:
a. Predictability.
b. Internal coherence.
c. Fruitfulness.
d. Adequacy.
e. External consistency.
15. The ability of Torricelli’s hypothesis about atmospheric pressure to suggest the design of the barometer is an
illustration of:
a. External consistency.
b. Internal coherence.
c. Fruitfulness.
d. Predictability.
e. Adequacy.