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Chapter 09 Test C
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Basic Analogical Reasoning
Morgan needs a new set of tires for her car, and she wants tires that will last for 50,000 miles. Her friend Ashley bought a
set of Goodmonth XK-1 tires four years ago, and those tires lasted 50,000 miles. Morgan concludes that if she buys
Goodmonth XK-1 tires for her own car, those tires will last for 50,000 miles. How do the following facts bear on
Morgan’s conclusion?
1. Morgan and Ashley drive the same model car.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
2. Morgan’s car is blue, but Ashley’s is silver colored.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
3. Morgan drives aggressively, but Ashley drives conservatively.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
4. Ashley does most of her driving on city streets and freeways, whereas Morgan drives mostly on country roads.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
5. Morgan discovers 6 acquaintances who bought Goodmonth XK-1 tires. All got 50,000 miles of use.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
6. Morgan discovers 6 acquaintances who bought Goodmonth XK-1 tires. All drive different model cars.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
7. Morgan discovers 6 acquaintances who bought Goodmonth XK-1 tires. All drive cars equipped with CD changers.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
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Chapter 09 Test C
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8. Morgan discovers 6 acquaintances who bought Goodmonth XK-1 tires. All drive conservatively.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
9. Goodmonth recently hired a new Chief Financial Officer.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
10. Morgan changes her conclusion to state that she will get at least 45,000 miles of use.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
11. Analogy and Legal Reasoning
Henry paid a dog breeder $500 for a pit bull. Prior to the purchase the breeder assured him that the dog would not bite
anyone in the household unless it was provoked. Henry brought the dog home, and it gradually became a member of his
rowdy family. However, after 10 months, without being provoked, the dog bit his wife, causing serious injury. Henry then
filed a lawsuit against the breeder claiming damages for a defective product. After filing the suit Henry discovered that his
dog’s male parent was vicious.
There are two controlling cases in this jurisdiction:
Carter v. Ace Electric: Carter bought an electric hairdryer from manufacturer Ace Electric. The hairdryer had a defective
ground connection, and Carter suffered injury as a result of this defect. The court ruled in favor of Carter, noting that Ace
knew or should have known about this defect at the time the hairdryer was made.
Baker v. Harlow Motors: Baker purchased a new car from Harlow Motors, and after 10 months the engine stopped
running. During that interval Baker had made several modifications to the engine. The court ruled in favor of Harlow
because Baker had modified the engine.
Construct two arguments, one supporting Henry, the other supporting the breeder.
12. Analogy and Moral Reasoning
Embryonic stem cell research typically involves the destruction of human embryos. Such research is often criticized
because human embryos, it is claimed, are human beings, and the destruction of human beings for research purposes is
wrong. Write a short essay either favoring or opposing embryonic stem cell research. Develop as many arguments from
analogy as you can think of either supporting or opposing the claim that human embryos are human beings.
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Chapter 09 Test C
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