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Chapter 09 Test B
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Basic Analogical Reasoning
Connie is thinking about registering for Professor Langley’s course in Italian Renaissance history. Connie’s friend Lydia
took that course a year earlier and got an A. Connie figures that she will get an A, too. How do the following facts bear on
Connie’s conclusion?
1. Connie is at least as bright as Lydia.
a. Weakens.
b. Strengthens.
c. Has no effect.
2. Connie and Lydia both use Apple computers.
a. Has no effect.
b. Strengthens.
c. Weakens.
3. Lydia is a history major, but Connie is a biology major.
a. Strengthens.
b. Has no effect.
c. Weakens.
4. Connie doesn’t take class notes as well as Lydia does.
a. Weakens.
b. Strengthens.
c. Has no effect.
5. Connie took two other history courses with Lydia, and she got the same grade as Lydia in both courses.
a. Has no effect.
b. Strengthens.
c. Weakens.
6. Connie discovers four biology majors who took Professor Langley’s course in Italian Renaissance history. All four got
As.
a. Weakens.
b. Has no effect.
c. Strengthens.
7. Connie discovers four biology majors who took professor Langley’s course in Italian Renaissance history. All four wear
Calvin Klein jeans, and so does Connie.
a. Strengthens.
b. Has no effect.
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Chapter 09 Test B
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c. Weakens.
8. Connie discovers four biology majors who took professor Langley’s course in Italian Renaissance history. All four
come from different backgrounds and have different interests.
a. Strengthens.
b. Weakens.
c. Has no effect.
9. Connie discovers four biology majors who took professor Langley’s course in Italian Renaissance history. All four
spent a year taking courses in Florence, Italy.
a. Has no effect.
b. Weakens.
c. Strengthens.
10. Connie changes her conclusion: She’ll get at least an A– in Professor Langley’s course.
a. Weakens.
b. Has no effect.
c. Strengthens.
11. Analogy and Legal Reasoning
Bob Wilson enjoyed spending time relaxing in the heated spa situated in the back yard of his home. On a couple of
occasions he noticed his next door neighbor’s four-year old boy, Greg Adams, staring at him through the fence that
separated the two yards. One afternoon, while Bob was away at work, and without Bob’s permission, Greg climbed the
fence, removed the cover from the spa, jumped in, and drowned. Mr. and Mrs. Adams filed suit against Bob for failing to
install a lock on the lid of the spa.
There are two controlling cases in this jurisdiction:
Andrews v. Lewis: While Lewis’s home was being remodeled, Andrews was walking in the neighborhood when he
noticed the front door of Lewis’s home was wide open. Andrews entered the home for the purpose of stealing some of the
contractor’s tools, but while inside he fell through a hole in the floor that had been covered with tar paper. Andrews, who
suffered injury, sued Lewis for maintaining a hazardous condition on the premises. The court ruled in favor of Lewis,
noting that Andrews was a trespasser.
Garrison v. Fashion Stores: While Mrs. Garrison was shopping at one of the defendant’s stores, her five-year-old boy
Roger left her side for a few minutes to play on the escalator. Roger was injured by a broken tread. Mrs. Garrison sued the
store, and the court found in her favor, noting that the store had a duty to inspect the escalator and take precautions to
ensure the safety of the shoppers.
Construct two arguments, one supporting Wilson, the other supporting Adams.
12. Analogy and Moral Reasoning
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Chapter 09 Test B
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A sweatshop is a manufacturing facility where workers are paid pennies per hour to make articles that sell for thousands
of times more than what the laborers are paid to produce them. Today, most sweatshops are found in Asian countries,
particularly China, and the articles manufactured include every form of clothing, Nike shoes, Barbie dolls for Mattel,
Apple iPods, clothing for Disney, and countless other items sold by Walmart and other retailers. Sweatshops hire adults
and children as young as 5 years old, and they often house them in firetraps, expose them to dangerous chemicals, deny
them bathroom breaks, demand sexual favors from women, and force them to work as long as 15 hours per day, 7 days
per week.
People who defend sweatshops argue that the workers sign up of their own free will and consider working in a sweatshop
to be a highly desirable form of employment. Those who oppose sweatshops scoff at the idea that the choice to work there
is made freely because the workers live in desperate poverty and have no other alternative.
Sweatshops are legal in most of the countries in which they are found today. But are they moral? Develop as many
arguments from analogy you can think of either supporting or opposing the morality of sweatshops.