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Syllogistic Form 1E
Given the following syllogistic form:
No P are M.
Some S are not M.
Some S are not P.
1. For Syllogistic Form 1E, after filling in the Venn diagram,
a. Areas 3 and 4 are shaded, and there is an X in area 5.
b. Areas 1 and 2 are shaded, and there is an X on the line between areas 5 and 6.
c. Areas 6 and 7 are shaded, and there is an X in area 5.
d. Areas 3 and 4 are shaded, and there is an X on the line between areas 5 and 6.
e. Areas 3, 4, 5 and 6 are shaded.
2. For Syllogistic Form 1E, the mood and figure is:
a. EOO–4.
b. AOO–4.
c. EOO–2.
d. EII–2.
e. EOO–3.
3. For Syllogistic Form 1E, the answer from the Boolean standpoint is:
a. Invalid, exclusive premises.
b. Invalid, drawing a negative conclusion from negative premises.
c. Valid, no fallacy.
d. Invalid, existential fallacy.
e. Invalid, illicit major.
Syllogistic Form 2E
Given the following syllogistic form:
All P are M.
No M are S.
Some S are not P.
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4. For Syllogistic Form 2E, after filling in the Venn diagram,
a. Areas 1, 4, 6, and 7 are shaded.
b. Areas 1, 3, and 4 are shaded.
c. Areas 1, 4, 6, and 7 are shaded.
d. Areas 2, 3, 6, and 7 are shaded, and there is an X in area 5.
e. Areas 2, 3, 6, and 7 are shaded, and there are no other marks.
5. For Syllogistic Form 2E, the mood and figure is:
a. AIO–1.
b. AEO–4.
c. AEO–1.
d. AIO–4.
e. EAO–4.
6. For Syllogistic Form 2E, the answer from the Boolean standpoint is:
a. Invalid, undistributed middle.
b. Valid, no fallacy.
c. Invalid, existential fallacy.
d. Invalid, exclusive premises.
e. Invalid, illicit minor.
Syllogistic Form 3E
Given the following syllogistic form:
All M are P.
Some M are not S.
Some S are P.
7. For Syllogistic Form 3E, after filling in the Venn diagram,
a. Areas 3 and 4 are shaded, and there is an X in area 1.
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b. Areas 1 and 2 are shaded, and there is an X in area 4.
c. Areas 1 and 2 are shaded, and there is an X on the line between areas 3 and 4.
d. Areas 1 and 2 are shaded, and there is an X on the line between areas 3 and 6.
e. Areas 3 and 4 are shaded, and there is an X in area 2.
8. For Syllogistic Form 3E, the mood and figure is:
a. AOI–4.
b. AIO–3.
c. AOI–2.
d. AIO–2.
e. AOI–3.
9. For Syllogistic Form 3E, the answer from the Boolean standpoint is:
a. Invalid, drawing an affirmative conclusion from a negative premise.
b. Invalid, undistributed middle.
c. Valid, no fallacy.
d. Invalid, illicit minor.
e. Invalid, existential fallacy.
Syllogistic Form 4E
Given the following syllogistic form:
All P are M.
No S are M.
No S are P.
10. For Syllogistic Form 4E, after filling in the Venn diagram,
a. Areas 2, 3, 4, and 7 are shaded.
b. Areas 3, 4, 5, and 6 are shaded, and there is an X in area 7.
c. Areas 2, 3, 6, and 7 are shaded, and there is an X in area 5.
d. Areas 2, 3, 6, and 7 are shaded, and there are no other marks.
e. Areas 3, 4, 6, and 6 are shaded, and there are no other marks.
11. For Syllogistic Form 4E, the mood and figure is:
a. EAA–3.
b. EII–2.
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c. AEE–3.
d. AII–2.
e. AEE–2.
12. For Syllogistic Form 4E, the answer from the Boolean standpoint is:
a. Invalid, illicit minor.
b. Invalid, illicit major.
c. Invalid, drawing a negative conclusion from a negative premise.
d. Valid, no fallacy.
e. Invalid, undistributed middle.
Syllogistic Form 5E
Given the following syllogistic form:
All P are M.
Some M are S.
Some S are P.
13. For Syllogistic Form 5E, after filling in the Venn diagram,
a. Areas 1 and 2 are shaded, and there is an X in area 3.
b. Areas 6 and 7 are shaded, and there is an X on the line between areas 2 and 3.
c. Areas 3 and 4 are shaded, and there is an X in area 2.
d. Areas 6 and 7 are shaded, and there is an X in area 2.
e. Areas 6 and 7 are shaded, and there is an X in area 3.
14. For Syllogistic Form 5E, the mood and figure is:
a. AII–1.
b. AOO–4.
c. AII–4.
d. AOO–1.
e. AII–2.
15. For Syllogistic Form 5E, the answer from the Boolean standpoint is:
a. Invalid, undistributed middle.
b. Invalid, drawing a negative conclusion from affirmative premises.
c. Invalid, exclusive premises.
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d. Valid, no fallacy.
Syllogistic Form 6E
Given the following syllogistic form:
Some M are P.
Some S are not M.
Some S are not P.
16. For Syllogistic Form 6E, after filling in the Venn diagram,
a. Areas 3, 4, 5, and 6 are shaded.
b. There is an X on the line between areas 2 and 3 and between areas 3 and 4.
c. There is an X in area 4 and in area 5.
d. There is an X on the line between areas 1 and 2 and between areas 5 and 6.
e. There is an X on the line between areas 3 and 4 and between areas 5 and 6.
17. For Syllogistic Form 6E, the mood and figure is:
a. OII–4.
b. IOO–1.
c. IOO–4.
d. EOO–1.
e. OII–1.
18. For Syllogistic Form 6E, the answer from the Boolean standpoint is:
a. Invalid, illicit major.
b. Invalid, undistributed middle.
c. Invalid, exclusive premises.
d. Invalid, illicit minor.
e. Valid, no fallacy.
19. Given the following syllogism:
No sheep are mammals.
All goats are mammals.
Some goats are not sheep.
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This syllogism is:
a. Valid from the Aristotelian standpoint because mammals exist.
b. Valid from the Boolean standpoint.
c. Valid from the Aristotelian standpoint because goats exist.
d. Invalid from the Aristotelian standpoint.
e. Valid from the Aristotelian standpoint because sheep exist.
20. Given the following syllogism:
All mammals are animals.
All unicorns are animals.
All unicorns are mammals.
This syllogism:
a. Commits the existential fallacy from the Aristotelian standpoint only.
b. Is valid from both the Boolean and the Aristotelian standpoints.
c. Is valid from the Boolean standpoint only.
d. Is invalid from both the Boolean and the Aristotelian standpoints.
e. Commits the existential fallacy from both standpoints.
Syllogism 1E
Given the following syllogism:
Some workers without papers are licensed drivers, so some workers with papers are not documented citizens, for some
undocumented citizens are not unlicensed drivers.
21. After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 1E, the conclusion is:
a. Some licensed drivers are not workers with papers.
b. Some workers without papers are licensed drivers.
c. Some documented citizens are not workers with papers.
d. Some workers with papers are not documented citizens.
e. Some licensed drivers are not documented citizens.
22. For Syllogism 1E, the major premise is:
a. Some documented citizens are not licensed drivers.
b. Some licensed drivers are not workers with papers.
c. Some workers with papers are not licensed drivers.
d. Some workers with papers are not documented citizens.
e. Some licensed drivers are not documented citizens.
23. For Syllogism 1E, the minor premise is:
a. Some licensed drivers are not workers with papers.
b. Some workers with papers are not documented citizens.
c. Some documented citizens are not licensed drivers.
d. Some workers with papers are not licensed drivers.
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Syllogism 2E
Given the following syllogism:
No unbearable experiences are pleasant flights, because all bumpy flights are unpleasant flights and all smooth flights are
bearable experiences.
24. After reducing the number of terms in Syllogism 2E, the conclusion is:
a. All pleasant flights are smooth flights.
b. No smooth flights are unbearable experiences.
c. All pleasant flights are bearable experiences.
d. All smooth flights are bearable experiences.
e. All bearable experiences are pleasant flights.
25. For Syllogism 2E, the major premise is:
a. All bearable experiences are pleasant flights.
b. All smooth flights are bearable experiences.
c. All pleasant flights are bearable experiences.
d. All pleasant flights are smooth flights.
e. All bearable experiences are smooth flights.
26. For Syllogism 2E, the minor premise is:
a. All smooth flights are pleasant flights.
b. All pleasant flights are bearable experiences.
c. All pleasant flights are smooth flights.
d. All smooth flights are bearable experiences.
e. All bearable experiences are smooth flights.
Syllogism 3E
Given the following syllogism:
Tulips are not daffodils. Hence, since the only flowers in the garden are daffodils, there are no tulips in the garden.
27. After translating Syllogism 3E into standard form, the conclusion is:
a. No tulips are daffodils.
b. All flowers in the garden are daffodils.
c. Some flowers in the garden are daffodils.
d. Some flowers in the garden are not tulips.
e. No flowers in the garden are tulips.
28. For Syllogism 3E, the major premise is:
a. Some flowers in the garden are daffodils.
b. No tulips are daffodils.
c. No flowers in the garden are tulips.
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d. Some tulips are not daffodils.
e. All flowers in the garden are daffodils.
29. For Syllogism 3E, the minor premise is:
a. All flowers in the garden are daffodils.
b. No flowers in the garden are daffodils.
c. No tulips are daffodils.
d. Some flowers in the garden are daffodils.
e. No flowers in the garden are tulips.
Syllogism 4E
Given the following syllogism:
Spencer is happy whenever he wins at poker, and he won tonight. Thus, Spencer is happy tonight.
30. After translating Syllogism 4E into standard form, the conclusion is:
a. All times Spencer wins at poker are times Spencer is happy.
b. All persons identical to Spencer are persons who are happy tonight.
c. All times identical to tonight are times Spencer wins at poker.
d. All times identical to tonight are times Spencer is happy.
e. All times Spencer is happy are time identical to tonight.
31. For Syllogism 4E, the major premise is:
a. All times identical to tonight are times Spencer is happy.
b. All persons identical to Spencer are persons who are happy when they win at poker.
c. All times Spencer wins at poker are times Spencer is happy.
d. All times Spencer is happy are times Spencer wins at poker.
e. All times identical to tonight are times Spencer wins at poker.
32. For Syllogism 4E, the minor premise is:
a. All times identical to tonight are times Spencer is happy.
b. All times identical to tonight are times Spencer wins at poker.
c. All persons identical to Spencer are persons who win at poker tonight.
d. All times Spencer wins at poker are times identical to tonight.
e. All times Spencer wins at poker are times Spencer is happy.
33. Given the following enthymeme:
Any vehicle that gets good fuel economy is environmentally friendly, and hybrid cars get good fuel economy.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:
a. Hybrid cars are environmentally friendly. (Conclusion)
b. Some cars that get good fuel economy are not hybrids. (Premise)
c. Some hybrid cars are environmentally friendly cars. (Conclusion)
d. Even environmentally friendly cars cause some pollution. (Conclusion)
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e. Hybrid cars cause less pollution than conventional cars. (Premise)
34. Given the following enthymeme:
Tiffany sells only expensive watches, so Cartier watches must be expensive.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:
a. Tiffany sells some watches that are not expensive. (Conclusion)
b. Tiffany also sells Rolex watches. (Premise)
c. The Cartier Corporation owns Tiffany. (Premise)
d. Not all Cartier watches are expensive. (Conclusion)
e. Tiffany sells Cartier watches. (Premise)
35. Given the following enthymeme:
Peaches are not ripe unless they are soft, and your peaches are not soft.
The statement needed to convert the enthymeme into a valid syllogism is:
a. Some of your peaches are not ripe. (Premise)
b. All ripe peaches are soft peaches. (Conclusion)
c. Your peaches are not ripe. (Conclusion)
d. Your peaches are ripe. (Conclusion)
e. Not all the ripe peaches are yours. (Premise)
Sorites 1E
Given the following sorites:
All F are G.
No T are N.
Some K are N.
All F are T.
Some G are not K.
36. For Sorites 1E, the correct standard form is:
a. No T are N.
Some K are N.
All F are G.
All F are T.
Some G are not K.
b. All F are G.
All F are T.
Some K are N.
No T are N.
Some G are not K.
c. No T are N.
All F are T.
All F are G.
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Some G are not K.
Some K are N.
d. Some K are N.
No T are N.
All F are T.
All F are G.
Some G are not K.
e. Some K are N.
Some G are not K.
All F are G.
All F are T.
No T are N.
37. For Sorites 1E, the first intermediate conclusion is:
a. Some K are not F.
b. No T are F.
c. Some T are not K.
d. No F are N.
e. Some K are not T.
38. For Sorites 1E, the second intermediate conclusion is:
a. Some F are not K.
b. No F are N.
c. Some K are not F.
d. There is no second intermediate conclusion.
e. Some K are not T.
39. For Sorites 1E, the correct answer is:
a. Weak.
b. Invalid.
c. Valid.
d. Sound.
e. Cogent.
40. Given the following sorites:
No H are C.
All H are R.
All R are P.
Some E are not P.
Some E are not C.
This sorites is:
a. Invalid because it has two negative premises.
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b. Invalid because a term is distributed in the conclusion but not in the premise.
c. Invalid because it has an affirmative premise and a negative conclusion.
d. Valid because no rules are broken.
e. Valid because a negative premise requires a negative conclusion.