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Categorical Proposition 1G
Given the categorical proposition:
“Some paintings that are not characteristic of the Byzantine period are works that are not being auctioned by Christie’s.”
1. In Categorical Proposition 1G, the predicate term is:
a. Paintings that are not characteristic of the Byzantine period.
b. Auctioned by Christie’s.
c. Works that are not being auctioned by Christie’s.
d. Works.
e. None of these.
2. In Categorical Proposition 1G, the copula is:
a. Being auctioned.
b. Are not.
c. Some.
d. None of these.
e. Are.
3. In Categorical Proposition 1G, the quantity is:
a. Affirmative.
b. Particular.
c. Universal.
d. Some.
e. None of these.
4. In Categorical Proposition 1G, the quality is:
a. Universal.
b. Particular.
c. Negative.
d. None of the others.
e. Undistributed
5. In Categorical Proposition 1G:
a. The subject term is undistributed and the predicate term is distributed.
b. The subject term is distributed and the predicate term is undistributed.
c. The subject term is universal and the predicate term is particular.
d. Both the subject term and the predicate term are distributed.
INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for each multiple choice question.
6. Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?
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a. No harpsichords are things made of aluminum.
b. Some chamber works will not be performed at the festival.
c. Some sculptors work only with marble.
d. Not all poems by Milton are sonnets.
e. Good screenwriters are usually well-paid.
7. The categorical proposition “Some admirers of Bertolt Brecht are not avid theater-goers” is an:
a. E-type.
b. U-type.
c. I-type.
d. O-type.
e. A-type.
8. Given the categorical proposition “No musicians are steam fitters.” If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the
resulting proposition is:
a. All musicians are steam fitters.
b. All musicians are not steam fitters.
c. Some musicians are steam fitters.
d. Some musicians are not steam fitters.
e. All steam fitters are musicians.
9. Given the categorical proposition “Some mathematicians are not topologists.” If the quantity but not the quality is
changed, the resulting proposition is:
a. Some non-mathematicians are topologists.
b. Some mathematicians are topologists.
c. No mathematicians are topologists.
d. Some mathematicians are non-topologists.
e. All mathematicians are topologists.
10. Given the categorical proposition “All biologists are scientists.” If both the quality and the quantity are changed, the
resulting proposition is:
a. Some scientists are not biologists.
b. Some biologists are not scientists.
c. No biologists are scientists.
d. Some biologists are scientists.
e. All biologists are not scientists.
INSTRUCTIONS: In each problem below you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an
operation/relation to be performed on that statement. You must identify the new statement and the truth value of the new
statement. Adopt the Aristotelian standpoint and assume that ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote things that actually exist.
11. No A are non–B. (F) Contrary
a. No non-B are A. (F)
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b. No non-B are A. (T)
c. Some A are non-B. (T)
d. All A are non–B. (Und.)
e. All A are non–B. (T)
12. Some A are B. (T) Obversion
a. Some B are A. (T)
b. Some non-B are non–A. (T)
c. Some A are not non-B. (T)
d. Some non-A are not non–B. (T)
e. Some non-A are not B. (Und.)
13. All non-A are B. (T) Subalternation
a. Some A are non-B. (T)
b. Some non-A are B. (T)
c. Some A are not B. (F)
d. No non-A are B. (F)
e. Some A are B. (T)
14. Some A are not non-B. (T) Subcontrary
a. Some A are non-B. (Und.)
b. No A are non–B. (Und.)
c. All A are non–B. (Und.)
d. Some A are B. (F)
e. Some A are non-B. (F)
15. Some non-A are B. (T) Contradictory
a. Some A are not B. (Und.)
b. All non-A are B. (F)
c. Some non-A are not B. (F)
d. No non-B are A. (F)
e. No non-A are B. (F)
16. Some A are not B. (F) Contraposition
a. Some B are not A. (Und.)
b. Some B are not non-A. (F)
c. Some A are B. (T)
d. Some non-B are not non–A. (F)
e. Some non-B are not non–A. (Und.)
17. All A are non–B. (F) Conversion
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a. All B are non–A. (Und.)
b. No A are non–B. (Und.)
c. All non-B are A. (Und.)
d. Some A are not non-B. (T)
e. All non-B are A. (F)
INSTRUCTIONS: In each problem below you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement.
You must determine how the new statement is related to the given statement and determine the truth value of the new
statement. Adopt the Aristotelian standpoint and assume that ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote things that actually exist.
18. Some non-A are B. (F) Some non-B are A.
a. Conversion. (F)
b. Obversion. (F)
c. Conversion. (T)
d. Contraposition. (F)
e. Contraposition. (Und.)
19. Some A are non–B. (F) Some A are not non-B.
a. Contrary. (Und.)
b. Subcontrary. (T)
c. Contradictory. (T)
d. Contraposition. (F)
e. Subalternation. (F)
20. No A are non–B. (T) No non-B are A.
a. Conversion. (T)
b. Conversion. (F)
c. Contraposition. (Und.)
d. Conversion. (Und.)
e. Obversion. (T)
21. All non-A are B. (T) No non-A are B.
a. Contraposition. (Und.)
b. Contrary. (Und.)
c. Obversion. (T)
d. Contraposition. (T)
e. Contrary. (F)
22. Some A are not B. (T) No A are B.
a. Subalternation. (Und.)
b. Subcontrary. (Und.)
c. Obversion. (T)
d. Contraposition. (T)
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e. Contradictory. (F)
23. All non-A are B. (F) No non-A are non–B.
a. Contradictory. (T)
b. Contrary. (Und.)
c. Obversion. (F)
d. Contraposition. (F)
e. Contrary. (T)
24. Some A are not non-B. (F) All A are non–B.
a. Obversion. (F)
b. Subalternation. (F)
c. Subalternation. (Und.)
d. Contradictory. (T)
e. Contrary. (T)
INSTRUCTIONS: Select the answer that best characterizes each argument. Adopt the Aristotelian standpoint.
25. All mermaids are swimmers. Therefore, no mermaids are non-swimmers.
a. Invalid; illicit obversion.
b. Valid; no fallacy.
c. Invalid; existential fallacy.
d. Invalid; illicit contrary.
e. Invalid; illicit contraposition.
26. Some rabbits are not birds. Therefore, no rabbits are birds.
a. Valid; existential fallacy.
b. Invalid; illicit conversion.
c. Invalid; illicit subalternation.
d. Valid; no fallacy.
e. Invalid; illicit contrary.
27. No unicorns are goats. Therefore, it is false that all unicorns are goats.
a. Invalid; illicit contraposition.
b. Invalid; illicit contrary.
c. Valid; no fallacy.
d. Invalid; illicit subalternation.
e. Invalid; existential fallacy.
28. It is false that some leprechauns are Englishmen. Therefore, no leprechauns are Englishmen.
a. Invalid; existential fallacy.
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b. Valid; no fallacy.
c. Invalid; illicit contradiction.
d. Invalid; illicit subalternation.
e. Invalid; illicit conversion.
29. It is false that no blue jays are pesky creatures. Therefore, all blue jays are pesky creatures.
a. Valid; no fallacy.
b. Invalid; illicit subcontrary.
c. Invalid; illicit contrary.
d. Invalid; existential fallacy.
e. Valid; illicit subalternation.
30. Some hectic vacations are not pleasant experiences. Therefore, some unpleasant experiences are not relaxed vacations.
a. Valid; no fallacy.
b. Invalid; existential fallacy.
c. Invalid; illicit subcontrary.
d. Invalid; illicit contrary.
e. Invalid; illicit contraposition.
31. Some politicians are not statesmen. Therefore, some politicians are statesmen.
a. Valid; no fallacy.
b. Valid; unnamed fallacy.
c. Invalid; illicit subalternation.
d. Invalid; illicit contraposition.
e. Invalid; illicit subcontrary.
32. No talented actors are unpopular performers. Therefore, no popular performers are untalented actors.
a. Valid; no fallacy.
b. Invalid; illicit conversion.
c. Invalid; illicit contrary.
d. Invalid; illicit contraposition.
e. Invalid; illicit obversion.
33. It is false that some teacups are flowerpots. Therefore, some teacups are not flowerpots.
a. Valid; no fallacy.
b. Invalid; illicit subcontrary.
c. Invalid; illicit subalternation.
d. Invalid; illicit conversion.
e. Invalid; existential fallacy.
34. Some trolls are not alligators. Therefore, some alligators are not trolls.
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a. Invalid; illicit contraposition.
b. Invalid; illicit subcontrary.
c. Invalid; illicit conversion.
d. Invalid; existential fallacy.
e. Valid; no fallacy.
35. Some butterflies are not non-birds. Therefore, some butterflies are birds.
a. Invalid; existential fallacy.
b. Invalid; illicit contraposition.
c. Invalid; illicit subalternation.
d. Valid; no fallacy.
e. Invalid; illicit subcontrary.
36. It is false that no genetic experiments are ethical procedures. Therefore, all genetic experiments are ethical procedures.
a. Valid; no fallacy.
b. Invalid; illicit conversion.
c. Invalid; existential fallacy.
d. Invalid; illicit subcontrary.
e. Invalid; illicit contrary.
37. It is false that some headless horsemen are not agile individuals. Therefore, it is false that no headless horsemen are
agile individuals.
a. Invalid; illicit contrary.
b. Invalid; existential fallacy.
c. Valid; no fallacy.
d. Invalid; illicit subalternation.
e. Valid; existential fallacy.
INSTRUCTIONS: Fill in the Venn diagram for each statement.
38. Some S are not P. (Boolean standpoint)
After filling in the Venn diagram,
a. There is an X in Area 2.
b. There is an X in Area 1.
c. Area 1 is shaded.
d. Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks.
e. Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in area 1.
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39. No S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint)
After filling in the Venn diagram,
a. Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks.
b. There is an X in Area 2.
c. Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1.
d. Area 3 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2.
e. Area 1 is shaded.
40. All S are P. (Boolean standpoint)
After filling in the Venn diagram,
a. Area 1 is shaded and there are no other marks.
b. Area 1 is shaded and there is a circled X in Area 2.
c. Area 2 is shaded.
d. Area 3 is shaded.
e. There is an X in Area 1.
INSTRUCTIONS: Select the best translation for each categorical proposition.
41. Birds are not mammals.
a. All birds are not mammals.
b. Some mammals are not birds.
c. No non-mammals are birds.
d. No things identical to birds are things identical to mammals.
e. No birds are mammals.
42. None but students are eligible.
a. All students are eligible persons.
b. No students are eligible persons.
c. No students are eligible persons, and all non-students are eligible persons.
d. All eligible persons are students.
e. All ineligible persons are non-students.
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43. Alligators live in the Everglades.
a. Some animals that live in the Everglades are not alligators.
b. Some alligators are animals that live in the Everglades and some alligators are not animals that live in the
Everglades.
c. Some alligators are animals that live in the Everglades.
d. Some animals identical to alligators are animals that live in the Everglades.
e. All alligators are animals that live in the Everglades.
44. Not all parrots are colorful.
a. Some parrots are not colorful birds.
b. Some parrots are colorful birds and some parrots are not colorful birds.
c. Some parrots are not colorful.
d. Some colorful birds are not parrots.
e. All parrots are not colorful birds.
45. The only plants in this garden are weeds.
a. All weeds are plants in this garden.
b. All plants in this garden are weeds.
c. All plants in this garden are things identical to weeds.
d. Some weeds are not plants in this garden.
e. All weeds are the only plants in this garden.
46. President Kennedy was assassinated.
a. All persons identical to President Kennedy are persons who were assassinated.
b. All persons identical to President Kennedy were assassinated persons.
c. No persons who were not assassinated are persons not identical to President Kennedy.
d. Some persons identical to President Kennedy are persons who were assassinated.
e. All persons like president Kennedy are persons who were assassinated.
47. There is a cat on the roof.
a. All animals on the roof are cats.
b. All cats are animals on the roof.
c. Some cats are animals on the roof and some cats are not animals on the roof.
d. Some cats are animals on the roof.
e. Some things identical to a roof are places there is a cat.
48. If something isn’t a conductor then it isn’t made of metal.
a. No things not made of metal are conductors.
b. If something is made of metal then it is a conductor.
c. All things made of metal are conductors.
d. All non-conductors are not things made of metal.
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49. All books except novels are boring to read.
a. No novels are books boring to read.
b. All books boring to read are books that are not novels.
c. Some novels are not books boring to read.
d. All books that are not boring to read are books that are novels.
e. No novels are books boring to read, and all books that are not novels are books boring to read.
50. She says what she pleases.
a. All persons identical to her say what they please.
b. All things she pleases to say are things she says.
c. Some things are things she pleases to say, and some things are not things she pleases to say.
d. All things she says are things she pleases to say.
e. Some things she says are things she pleases to say.