Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 04 Test E
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 1
Categorical Proposition 1E
Given the categorical proposition:
“Some federal budgets that are bloated by war spending are not burdens that are fair to taxpayers.”
1. In Categorical Proposition 1E, the predicate term is:
a. Fair to taxpayers.
b. Bloated by war spending.
c. Burdens that are fair to taxpayers.
d. Burdens.
e. Federal budgets that are bloated by war spending.
2. In Categorical Proposition 1E, the copula is:
a. Affirmative.
b. Some.
c. Are.
d. Negative.
e. Are not.
3. In Categorical Proposition 1E, which terms are distributed?
a. The predicate but not the subject.
b. Both the subject and the predicate.
c. Neither the subject not the predicate.
d. The term complement of the predicate.
e. The subject but not the predicate.
4. In Categorical Proposition 1E, the quality is:
a. Subjective.
b. Universal.
c. Affirmative.
d. Negative.
e. Particular.
5. In Categorical Proposition 1E, the quantity is:
a. Some.
b. Particular.
c. Negative.
d. Affirmative.
e. Universal.
INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for each multiple choice question.
6. Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?
Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 04 Test E
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 2
a. No romantic poets are supporters of conventional mores.
b. Every increase in military spending causes concern in foreign capitals.
c. Digital cameras are devices that contain microchips.
d. All Epicureans have decadent sensate values.
e. Some whole grain cereals are good for the heart.
7. The statement “Some climatic changes are occurrences caused by interstellar dust” is a(n):
a. E-proposition.
b. O-proposition.
c. I–proposition.
d. A-proposition.
e. S-proposition.
8. Given the categorical proposition “All cases of asthma are maladies that affect breathing.” If both the quality and the
quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:
a. No cases of asthma are maladies that affect breathing.
b. Some cases of asthma are not maladies that affect breathing.
c. All cases of asthma are not maladies that affect breathing.
d. Some cases of asthma are maladies that affect breathing.
e. Some cases of asthma are maladies that do not affect breathing.
9. Given the categorical proposition “Some tax loopholes are benefits that reward special interests.” If the quality but not
the quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:
a. No tax loopholes are benefits that reward special interests.
b. All tax loopholes are benefits that reward special interests.
c. Some tax loopholes are benefits that do not reward special interests.
d. Some tax loopholes are not benefits that reward special interests.
e. No tax loopholes are benefits that do not reward special interests.
10. Given the categorical proposition “No employees of Walmart are workers paid high wages.” If the quantity but not the
quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:
a. No employees of Walmart are workers who are not paid high wages.
b. All employees of Walmart are workers paid high wages.
c. All employees of Walmart are workers who are not paid high wages.
d. Some employees of Walmart are workers paid high wages.
e. Some employees of Walmart are not workers paid high wages.
INSTRUCTIONS: In each problem below you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an
operation/relation to be performed on that statement. You must identify the new statement and the truth value of the new
statement. Adopt the Aristotelian standpoint and assume that ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote things that actually exist.
11. Some A are non–B. (F) Subalternation
a. All A are non–B. (Und.)
Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 04 Test E
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 3
b. Some A are not non-B. (T)
c. Some B are non-A. (Und.)
d. All A are non–B. (F)
e. Some A are not non-B. (Und.)
12. No non-A are non–B. (F) Obversion
a. All non-A are B. (F)
b. No non-B are non–A. (F)
c. No B are A. (Und.)
d. All non-A are non–B. (Und.)
e. Some non-A are non–B. (T)
13. Some A are not non-B. (T) Conversion
a. Some B are not non-A. (Und.)
b. Some non-B are not A. (T)
c. Some B are not non-A. (T)
d. All A are non–B. (F)
e. Some non-B are not A. (Und.)
14. All A are B. (F) Contrary
a. All B are A. (Und.)
b. No A are B. (Und.)
c. All non-B are non–A. (F)
d. No A are B. (T)
e. All B are A. (F)
15. Some A are not B. (T) Contraposition
a. Some non-A are not non–B. (T)
b. All A are B. (F)
c. Some non-B are not non–A. (T)
d. Some B are not A. (Und.)
e. No A are B. (Und.)
16. All A are non–B. (F) Contradictory.
a. Some A are B. (T)
b. All A are not non–B. (T)
c. No A are non–B. (Und.)
d. No A are non–B. (T)
e. Some A are not non-B. (T)
17. Some non-A are not B. (F) Subalternation
Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 04 Test E
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 4
a. No non-A are B. (Und.)
b. Some non-A are B. (T)
c. Some non-B are not A. (F)
d. No non-A are B. (F)
INSTRUCTIONS: In each problem below you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement.
You must determine how the new statement is related to the given statement and determine the truth value of the new
statement. Adopt the Aristotelian standpoint and assume that ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote things that actually exist.
18. Some non-A are non–B. (F) Some B are A.
a. Conversion. (F)
b. Contraposition. (F)
c. Conversion. (Und.)
d. Subcontrary. (T)
e. Contraposition. (Und.)
19. No non-A are B. (F) No B are non–A.
a. Contraposition. (Und.)
b. Contrary. (Und.)
c. Conversion. (F)
d. Conversion. (Und.)
e. Contraposition. (F)
20. No non-A are B. (T) All non-A are B.
a. Contrary. (F)
b. Contradictory. (F)
c. Contrary. (Und.)
d. Contraposition. (T)
e. Contraposition. (Und.)
21. Some non-A are B. (T) No non-A are B.
a. Subcontrary. (Und.)
b. Contradictory. (F)
c. Contrary. (F)
d. Subalternation. (Und.)
e. Contrary. (Und.)
22. Some A are B. (T) Some A are not non–B.
a. Obversion. (T)
b. Contradictory. (F)
c. Contraposition. (Und.)
d. Contrary. (F)
Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 04 Test E
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 5
e. Subcontrary. (Und.)
23. No A are non–B. (F) Some A are not non–B.
a. Contradictory. (T)
b. Subalternation. (F)
c. Subcontrary. (T)
d. Subalternation. (Und.)
e. Subcontrary. (Und.)
24. All non-A are B. (F) Some non-A are B.
a. Contraposition. (F)
b. Subalternation. (F)
c. Contradictory. (T)
d. Contraposition. (Und.)
e. Subalternation. (Und.)
INSTRUCTIONS: Select the answer that best characterizes each immediate inference. Adopt the Aristotelian standpoint
for these problems.
25. Some white supremacists are individuals involved in crime. Therefore, it is false that some white supremacists are not
individuals involved in crime.
a. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
b. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
c. Valid.
d. Invalid, illicit contrary.
e. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
26. It is false that some serial killers are not deranged psychopaths. Therefore, all serial killers are deranged psychopaths.
a. Invalid, existential fallacy.
b. Invalid, illicit contrary.
c. Valid.
d. Invalid, illicit contradictory.
e. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
27. All flying reindeer are happy creatures. Therefore, no flying reindeer are unhappy creatures.
a. Invalid, illicit obversion.
b. Invalid, existential fallacy.
c. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
d. Valid.
e. Invalid, illicit contrary.
Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 04 Test E
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 6
28. It is false that no high schools are institutions plagued by drunkenness. Therefore, it is false that some high schools are
not institutions plagued by drunkenness.
a. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
b. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
c. Invalid, illicit contrary.
d. Invalid, illicit conversion.
e. Valid.
29. No sugar plum fairies are threatening beasts. Therefore, some sugar plum fairies are not threatening beasts.
a. Valid.
b. Invalid, existential fallacy.
c. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
d. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
e. Invalid, illicit contrary.
30. No arms manufacturers are contributors to world peace. Therefore, no contributors to world peace are arms
manufacturers.
a. Invalid, illicit contrary.
b. Invalid, illicit conversion.
c. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
d. Invalid, illicit obversion.
e. Valid.
31. It is false that no student loans are heavy financial burdens. Therefore, all student loans are heavy financial burdens.
a. Valid.
b. Invalid, existential fallacy.
c. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
d. Invalid, illicit contrary.
e. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
32. It is false that some flu shots are guarantees of immunity. Therefore, some flu shots are not guarantees of immunity.
a. Invalid, illicit contrary.
b. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
c. Valid.
d. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
e. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
33. All fair elections are elections untainted with fraud. Therefore, all elections tainted with fraud are unfair elections.
a. Valid.
b. Invalid, illicit conversion.
c. Invalid, existential fallacy.
d. Invalid, illicit obversion.
e. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 04 Test E
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 7
34. Some leprechauns are not wealthy dwarfs. Therefore, some wealthy dwarfs are not leprechauns.
a. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
b. Invalid, illicit conversion.
c. Valid.
d. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
e. Invalid, existential fallacy.
35. It is false that some rare coins are worthless collectibles. Therefore, it is false that all rare coins are worthless
collectibles.
a. Invalid, illicit conversion.
b. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
c. Invalid, illicit contrary.
d. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
e. Valid.
36. Some unsuccessful high schools are institutions threatened with closure. Therefore, some institutions not threatened
with closure are successful high schools.
a. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
b. Valid.
c. Invalid, illicit conversion.
d. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
e. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
37. All computer games are opportunities for wasting time. Therefore, it is false that no computer games are opportunities
for wasting time.
a. Valid.
b. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
c. Invalid, illicit contrary
d. Invalid, existential fallacy.
INSTRUCTIONS: Fill in the Venn diagram for each statement.
38. No S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint)
After filling in the diagram,
a. Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 3.
Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 04 Test E
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 8
b. Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks.
c. Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks.
d. Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2.
e. Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1.
39. Some S are not P. (Boolean standpoint)
After filling in the diagram,
a. Areas 1 and 3 are shaded.
b. Area 2 is shaded, and there is an X in Area 1.
c. Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks.
d. There is an X in Area 1, and there are no other marks.
e. Area 3 is shaded, and there is an X in Area 1.
40. All S are P. (Boolean standpoint)
After filling in the diagram,
a. Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2.
b. Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1.
c. Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks.
d. Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks.
INSTRUCTIONS: Select the answer that best translates the statement into a standard form categorical proposition.
41. There are mountains on the horizon.
a. Some things on the horizon are not mountains.
b. Some mountains are things on the horizon.
c. Some mountains are not things on the horizon.
d. Some mountains are on the horizon.
e. All mountains are not things on the horizon.
42. She says what’s on her mind.
a. Some things she says are things on her mind.
b. Some things that are on her mind are not things she says.
Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 04 Test E
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 9
c. All things she says are things that are on her mind.
d. All persons identical to her say what is on their mind.
e. All things that are on her mind are things she says.
43. An agate is not precious.
a. Some agates are not precious stones.
b. All agates are not precious stones.
c. No things identical to an agate are stones that are precious.
d. No agates are precious stones.
e. All non-precious stones are stones that are not agates.
44. Tulips are blooming in the garden.
a. Some tulips are flowers blooming in the garden.
b. All flowers blooming in the garden are tulips.
c. Some tulips are not flowers blooming in the garden.
d. All tulips are flowers blooming in the garden.
e. Some tulips are blooming in the garden.
45. None but English majors are eligible.
a. All English majors are persons who are eligible.
b. Some English majors are persons who are not eligible.
c. All persons who are eligible are English majors.
d. All persons who are not eligible are persons who are not English majors.
e. Some English majors are persons who are eligible.
46. If it’s sweet, then she’ll like it.
a. No things she likes are things that are not sweet.
b. All persons identical to her like sweet things.
c. All things she likes are sweet things.
d. Some sweet things are things she likes.
e. All sweet things are things she likes.
47. A locust is a grasshopper.
a. All things identical to a locust are things identical to a grasshopper.
b. All locusts are grasshoppers.
c. All grasshoppers are locusts.
d. Some locusts are grasshoppers.
e. No non-locusts are non-grasshoppers.
48. Shoes are not comfortable unless they fit well.
a. All comfortable shoes are shoes that fit well.
Name:
Class:
Date:
Chapter 04 Test E
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 10
b. No uncomfortable shoes are shoes that fit well.
c. Some comfortable shoes are shoes that fit well.
d. All shoes that fit well are comfortable shoes.
e. All uncomfortable shoes are shoes that do not fit well.
49. Not every student will graduate.
a. Some students will not graduate.
b. All students are not persons who will graduate.
c. Some persons who will graduate are not students.
d. Some students are not persons who will graduate.
e. No persons who will graduate are non-students.
50. The Eiffel Tower is not in Berlin.
a. Some things in Berlin are not things identical to the Eiffel Tower.
b. All things like the Eiffel Tower are things that are not in Berlin.
c. All things identical to the Eiffel Tower are not in Berlin.
d. Some things identical to the Eiffel Tower are not things in Berlin.
e. No things identical to the Eiffel Tower are things in Berlin.