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Categorical Proposition 1D
Given the categorical proposition:
“All email messages that are solicitations for private information are communications that are not entitled to responses.”
1. In Categorical Proposition 1D, the subject term is:
a. Email messages.
b. Communications.
c. Communications that are not entitled to responses.
d. Email messages that are solicitations for private information.
e. Solicitations for private information.
2. In Categorical Proposition 1D, the quantifier is:
a. All.
b. Negative.
c. Universal.
d. Are.
e. Affirmative.
3. In Categorical Proposition 1D, the quality is:
a. Are.
b. Particular.
c. Affirmative.
d. Negative.
e. Are not.
4. In Categorical Proposition 1D, the quantity is:
a. Particular.
b. Universal.
c. All.
d. Affirmative.
e. Singular.
5. In Categorical Proposition 1D, which terms are distributed?
a. The predicate but not the subject.
b. Both the subject and the predicate.
c. Neither the subject not the predicate.
d. The quantifier but not the copula.
e. The subject but not the predicate.
INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for each multiple choice question.
6. Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?
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a. No same-sex marriages are supported by evangelical Christians.
b. All political donors expect hefty paybacks from politicians.
c. Some face lifts are less than successful procedures.
d. High-speed chases are accidents waiting to happen.
e. Some corporate shake-ups have reverberations affecting all employees.
7. The statement “No government bonds are securities that pay high interest” is a(n):
a. E-proposition.
b. O-proposition.
c. S-proposition.
d. A-proposition.
e. I-proposition.
8. Given the categorical proposition “All mail order brides are women who face risky futures.” If the quality but not the
quantity is changed, the resulting proposition is:
a. All mail order brides are not women who face risky futures.
b. Some mail order brides are not women who face risky futures.
c. Some mail order brides are women who face risky futures.
d. No mail order brides are women who face risky futures.
e. Some mail order brides are women who do not face risky futures.
9. Given the categorical proposition “Some genetic mutations are occurrences that lead to disease.” If the quantity but not
the quality is changed, the resulting proposition is:
a. Some genetic mutations are not occurrences that lead to disease.
b. All genetic mutations are occurrences that lead to disease.
c. No genetic mutations are occurrences that lead to disease.
d. All genetic mutations are occurrences that do not lead to disease.
e. Some occurrences that lead to disease are genetic mutations.
10. Given the categorical proposition “Some asset protection trusts are not arrangements for cheating creditors.” If both
the quality and the quantity are changed, the resulting proposition is:
a. All asset protection trusts are arrangements for cheating creditors.
b. Some asset protection trusts are arrangements for cheating creditors.
c. No asset protection trusts are not arrangements for cheating creditors.
d. No asset protection trusts are arrangements for cheating creditors.
e. All asset protection trusts are not arrangements for cheating creditors.
INSTRUCTIONS: In each problem below you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an
operation/relation to be performed on that statement. You must identify the new statement and the truth value of the new
statement. Adopt the Aristotelian standpoint and assume that ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote things that actually exist.
11. All non-A are non–B. (F) Conversion
a. No non-A are non–B. (Und)
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b. All non-B are non–A. (F)
c. All B are A. (F)
d. No Non-A are non–B. (T)
e. All non-B are non–A. (Und.)
12. No non-A are B. (T) Obversion.
a. No B are non–A. (T)
b. Some non-A are not B. (T)
c. All non-A are non–B. (T)
d. All A are non–B. (Und.)
e. Some non-A are B. (F)
13. No non-A are B. (T) Contrary
a. All non-A are not B. (F)
b. No B are non–A. (T)
c. Some non-A are B. (F)
d. All non-A are B. (F)
e. No non-B are A. (Und.)
14. Some non-A are B. (F) Contradictory
a. All non-A are not B. (T)
b. Some non-A are not B. (T)
c. No non-A are B. (T)
d. Some non-A are non–B. (T)
e. No non-A are non–B. (F)
15. Some A are not non-B. (T) Subcontrary
a. No A are non–B. (Und.)
b. Some A are non-B. (Und.)
c. Some B are not non-A. (T)
d. Some A are non-B. (F)
e. No A are non–B. (T)
16. All non-A are B. (F) Contraposition
a. Some non-A are not B. (T)
b. All B are non–A. (Und.)
c. No non-A are B. (Und.)
d. All non-B are A. (F)
e. All A are non–B. (F)
17. No A are B. (F) Subalternation.
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a. Some A are not B. (Und.)
b. All A are B. (T)
c. Some A are not B. (F)
d. No non-B are non–A. (Und.)
e. All A are B. (Und.)
INSTRUCTIONS: In each problem below you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement.
You must determine how the new statement is related to the given statement and determine the truth value of the new
statement. Adopt the Aristotelian standpoint and assume that ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote things that actually exist.
18. No A are non–B. (T) No B are non–A.
a. Contraposition. (T)
b. Obversion. (T)
c. Contraposition. (Und.)
d. Conversion. (T)
e. Conversion. (Und.)
19. Some non-A are non–B. (F) Some non-A are not non-B.
a. Contraposition. (F)
b. Subalternation. (Und.)
c. Contradictory. (T)
d. Subalternation. (F)
e. Subcontrary. (T)
20. Some A are not non-B. (T) Some A are B.
a. Subcontrary. (Und.)
b. Obversion. (T)
c. Conversion. (T)
d. Contrary. (F)
e. Contraposition. (T)
21. Some non-A are B. (F) Some B are non–A.
a. Subcontrary. (T)
b. Conversion. (Und.)
c. Contraposition. (Und.)
d. Conversion. (F)
e. Contraposition. (F)
22. All A are non–B. (T) Some A are not non–B.
a. Subalternation. (Und.)
b. Contrary. (F)
c. Contraposition. (T)
d. Subalternation. (T)
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e. Contradictory. (F)
23. All A are non–B. (F) No A are non–B.
a. Obversion. (F)
b. Contradictory. (T)
c. Contrary. (Und.)
d. Subcontrary. (T)
e. Subalternation. (Und.)
24. Some B are non–A. (F) All B are non–A.
a. Subalternation. (F)
b. Contradictory. (T)
c. Subcontrary. (Und.)
d. Subalternation. (Und.)
e. Subcontrary. (T)
INSTRUCTIONS: Select the answer that best characterizes each immediate inference. Adopt the Aristotelian standpoint
for these problems.
25. Some judicial rulings are not displays of wisdom. Therefore, some judicial rulings are displays of wisdom.
a. Invalid, illicit contrary.
b. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
c. Valid.
d. Invalid, existential fallacy.
e. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
26. No cases of bullying are tolerated behaviors. Therefore, some cases of bullying are not tolerated behaviors.
a. Invalid, illicit contradictory.
b. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
c. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
d. Invalid, illicit contrary.
e. Valid.
27. Some unhappy unicorns are not appreciative creatures. Therefore, some unappreciative creatures are not happy
unicorns.
a. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
b. Invalid, illicit conversion.
c. Invalid, existential fallacy.
d. Valid.
e. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
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28. Some ski areas are not settings for avalanches. Therefore, no ski areas are settings for avalanches.
a. Valid.
b. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
c. Invalid, existential fallacy.
d. Invalid, illicit contrary.
e. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
29. Some antidepressants are not safe medications for children. Therefore, some antidepressants are unsafe medications
for children.
a. Invalid, illicit obversion.
b. Invalid, illicit conversion.
c. Valid.
d. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
e. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
30. No popular casinos are establishments without bright lights. Therefore, no establishments with bright lights are
unpopular casinos.
a. Valid.
b. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
c. Invalid, illicit obversion.
d. Invalid, existential fallacy.
e. Invalid, illicit conversion.
31. No tooth fairies are clumsy buffoons. Therefore, it is false that all tooth fairies are clumsy buffoons.
a. Invalid, existential fallacy.
b. Invalid, illicit contrary.
c. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
d. Valid.
e. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
32. It is false that some entrance exams are not occasions for panic. Therefore, some entrance exams are occasions for
panic.
a. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
b. Valid.
c. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
d. Invalid, illicit contrary.
e. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
33. It is false that all diets are programs that retard aging. Therefore, no diets are programs that retard aging.
a. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
b. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
c. Valid.
d. Invalid, existential fallacy.
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e. Invalid, illicit contrary.
34. All fire-breathing dragons are warm blooded lizards. Therefore, all warm blooded lizards are fire-breathing dragons.
a. Invalid, illicit contrary.
b. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
c. Invalid, existential fallacy.
d. Invalid, illicit conversion.
e. Valid.
35. No painkillers are drugs entirely without side effects. Therefore, it is false that all painkillers are drugs entirely
without side effects.
a. Valid.
b. Invalid, illicit contrary.
c. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
d. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
e. Invalid, illicit conversion.
36. It is false that all ballet performances are thrilling exhibitions. Therefore, it is false that some ballet performances are
thrilling exhibitions.
a. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
b. Valid.
c. Invalid, illicit subalternation.
d. Invalid, illicit contrary.
e. Invalid, existential fallacy.
37. Some religious displays are violations of the First Amendment. Therefore, some violations of the First Amendment
are religious displays.
a. Invalid, illicit contraposition.
b. Valid.
c. Invalid, illicit contrary.
d. Invalid, illicit subcontrary.
INSTRUCTIONS: Fill in the Venn diagram for each statement.
38. No S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint)
After filling in the diagram,
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a. Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1.
b. Areas 1 and 3 are shaded.
c. Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2.
d. Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks.
e. There is an X in Area 2.
39. Some S are not P. (Aristotelian standpoint)
After filling in the diagram,
a. Area 1 is shaded.
b. Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1.
c. There is an X in Area 1, and there are no other marks.
d. Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2.
e. There is a circled X in Area 1, and there are no other marks.
40. All S are P. (Boolean standpoint)
After filling in the diagram,
a. Areas 1 and 3 are shaded.
b. Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks.
c. Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2.
d. There is an X in Area 2.
e. Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks.
INSTRUCTIONS: Select the answer that best translates the statement into a standard form categorical proposition.
41. Not every house was damaged.
a. Some houses were not damaged.
b. Some houses are things that were damaged.
c. No houses were damaged.
d. Some houses are not things that were damaged.
e. All houses are not things that were damaged.
42. Women are dancing in the street.
a. All women are persons who are dancing in the street.
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b. All streets are places some women are dancing.
c. Some women are persons who are dancing in the street.
d. Some women are not persons who are dancing in the street.
e. Some women are dancing in the street.
43. Sausages are not edible unless they are cooked.
a. All uncooked sausages are not edible sausages.
b. Some cooked sausages are edible sausages.
c. All cooked sausages are edible sausages.
d. All edible sausages are cooked sausages.
e. No inedible sausages are cooked sausages.
44. She sings when she’s happy.
a. All times she’s happy are times she sings.
b. Some times she sings are times she’s happy.
c. All times she sings are times she’s happy.
d. All persons who sing are persons who are happy.
e. All persons identical to her sing when they are happy.
45. A Chevrolet is not a Ford.
a. Some Chevrolets are not Fords.
b. All Chevrolets are things that are not identical to a Ford.
c. No things identical to a Chevrolet are things identical to a Ford.
d. All Chevrolets are not Fords.
e. No Chevrolets are Fords.
46. Only cats are felines.
a. Some non-cats are not felines.
b. All felines are cats.
c. All cats are felines.
d. Some cats are felines.
e. All things identical to a cat are things identical to a feline.
47. All except the welders got a raise.
a. No welders are persons who got a raise and all non-welders are persons who got a raise.
b. All non-welders got a raise and no welders got a raise.
c. All welders are not persons who got a raise.
d. No welders are persons who got a raise.
e. All persons who are not welders are persons who got a raise.
48. A child screamed.
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a. All children are persons who screamed.
b. No persons who screamed are non-children.
c. Some children are persons who screamed.
d. Some children are persons who did not scream.
e. Some persons who screamed are not children.
49. Nairobi is in Kenya.
a. All places like Nairobi are places in Kenya.
b. All cities not identical to Nairobi are cities not in Kenya.
c. All Nairobis are in Kenya.
d. All cities identical to Nairobi are cities in Kenya.
e. Some cities identical to Nairobi are cities in Kenya.
50. There is a statue in the yard.
a. All statues are things in the yard.
b. No non-statues are things in the yard.
c. Some things in the yard are not statues.
d. Some statues are in the yard.
e. Some statues are things in the yard.