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Categorical Proposition 1B
Given the categorical proposition:
“Some forest fires that are not started by campers are conflagrations that are not easily extinguished.”
1. In Categorical Proposition 1B, the predicate term is:
a. Conflagrations that are not easily extinguished.
b. Easily extinguished.
c. Forest fires that are not started by campers.
d. Conflagrations.
e. Some.
2. In Categorical Proposition 1B, the copula is:
a. Some.
b. Are not.
c. Are.
d. Forest fires.
e. Conflagrations.
3. In Categorical Proposition 1B, the quantity is:
a. Some.
b. Affirmative.
c. Universal.
d. Particular.
e. Negative.
4. In Categorical Proposition 1B, the quality is:
a. Particular.
b. Affirmative.
c. Negative.
d. Undistributed
e. Universal.
5. In Categorical Proposition 1B:
a. Both the subject term and the predicate term are distributed.
b. The subject term is distributed and the predicate term is undistributed.
c. The subject term is universal and the predicate term is particular.
d. The subject term is undistributed and the predicate term is distributed.
INSTRUCTIONS: Select the correct answer for each multiple choice question.
6. Which of the following categorical propositions is in standard form?
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a. Some nerve cells are not susceptible of being regenerated.
b. Not all incumbents are candidates who will be reelected.
c. No recessions are times of economic expansion.
d. Some allergic reactions last several hours.
e. All surfers are opposed to coastal pollution.
7. The categorical proposition “Some clinical trials are not pointless experiments” is an:
a. I-type.
b. U-type.
c. E-type.
d. O-type.
e. A-type.
8. Given the categorical proposition “No soccer balls are tetrahedrons.” If the quality but not the quantity is changed, the
resulting proposition is:
a. All soccer balls are not tetrahedrons.
b. All soccer balls are tetrahedrons.
c. Some soccer balls are tetrahedrons.
d. Some soccer balls are not tetrahedrons.
e. All tetrahedrons are soccer balls.
9. Given the categorical proposition “Some inventions are not success stories.” If the quantity but not the quality is
changed, the resulting proposition is:
a. No inventions are success stories.
b. Some inventions are success stories.
c. Some inventions are not success stories.
d. Some success stories are not inventions.
e. All inventions are success stories.
10. Given the categorical proposition “All elections are turning points.” If both the quality and the quantity are changed,
the resulting proposition is:
a. All elections are not turning points.
b. Some turning points are not elections.
c. No elections are turning points.
d. Some elections are turning points.
INSTRUCTIONS: In each problem below, below you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and an
operation/relation to be performed on that statement. You must identify the new statement and the truth value of the new
statement. Take the Aristotelian standpoint and assume that ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote things that actually exist.
11. Some A are not non-B. (T) Subcontrary
a. All A are non–B. (Und.)
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b. No A are non–B. (Und.)
c. Some A are non-B. (Und.)
d. Some A are B. (F)
e. Some A are non-B. (F)
12. Some A are not B. (F) Contraposition
a. Some B are not non-A. (F)
b. Some non-B are not non–A. (F)
c. Some A are B. (T)
d. Some non-B are not non–A. (Und.)
e. Some B are not A. (Und.)
13. Some non-A are B. (T) Contradictory
a. No non-A are B. (F)
b. Some non-A are not B. (F)
c. Some A are not B. (Und.)
d. No non-B are A. (F)
e. All non-A are B. (F)
14. Some A are B. (T) Obversion
a. Some B are A. (T)
b. Some non-B are non–A. (T)
c. Some non-A are not non–B. (T)
d. Some A are not non-B. (T)
e. Some non-A are not B. (Und.)
15. All A are non–B. (F) Conversion
a. All non-B are A. (F)
b. No A are non–B. (Und.)
c. Some A are not non-B. (T)
d. All B are non–A. (Und.)
e. All non-B are A. (Und.)
16. All non-A are B. (T) Subalternation
a. Some A are not B. (F)
b. Some A are non-B. (T)
c. Some non-A are B. (T)
d. No non-A are B. (F)
e. Some A are B. (T)
17. No A are non–B. (F) Contrary
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a. All A are non–B. (Und.)
b. All A are non–B. (T)
c. Some A are non-B. (T)
d. No non-B are A. (T)
e. No non-B are A. (F)
INSTRUCTIONS: In each problem below you are given a statement, its truth value in parentheses, and a new statement.
You must determine how the new statement is related to the given statement and determine the truth value of the new
statement. Adopt the Aristotelian standpoint and assume that ‘A’ and ‘B’ denote things that actually exist.
18. Some A are not B. (T) No A are B.
a. Subcontrary. (Und.)
b. Subalternation. (Und.)
c. Contraposition. (T)
d. Obversion. (T)
e. Contradictory. (F)
19. Some A are not non-B. (F) All A are non–B.
a. Contrary. (T)
b. Subalternation. (F)
c. Obversion. (F)
d. Contradictory. (T)
e. Subalternation. (Und.)
20. Some non-A are B. (F) Some non-B are A.
a. Contraposition. (Und.)
b. Obversion. (F)
c. Conversion. (T)
d. Contraposition. (F)
e. Conversion. (F)
21. All non-A are B. (F) No non-A are non–B.
a. Contrary. (Und.)
b. Contradictory. (T)
c. Obversion. (F)
d. Contraposition. (F)
e. Contrary. (T)
22. Some A are non–B. (F) Some A are not non-B.
a. Contrary. (Und.)
b. Subalternation. (F)
c. Contradictory. (T)
d. Contraposition. (F)
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e. Subcontrary. (T)
23. All non-A are B. (T) No non-A are B.
a. Contraposition. (T)
b. Obversion. (T)
c. Contraposition. (Und.)
d. Contrary. (F)
e. Contrary. (Und.)
24. No A are non–B. (T) No non-B are A.
a. Contraposition. (Und.)
b. Conversion. (Und.)
c. Conversion. (T)
d. Conversion. (F)
INSTRUCTIONS: Select the answer that best characterizes each argument. Adopt the Aristotelian standpoint.
25. All trolls are ugly creatures. Therefore, no trolls are beautiful creatures.
a. Invalid; illicit obversion.
b. Invalid; illicit contrary.
c. Invalid; existential fallacy.
d. Invalid; illicit contraposition.
e. Valid; no fallacy.
26. Some restaurants are not high tech operations. Therefore, no restaurants are high tech operations.
a. Invalid; illicit conversion.
b. Invalid; illicit subalternation.
c. Valid; existential fallacy.
d. Valid; no fallacy.
e. Invalid; illicit contrary.
27. No tooth fairies are philanthropists. Therefore, it is false that all tooth fairies are philanthropists.
a. Invalid; existential fallacy.
b. Invalid; illicit contrary.
c. Valid; no fallacy.
d. Invalid; illicit contraposition.
e. Invalid; illicit subalternation.
28. It is false that some square triangles are cubes. Therefore, no square triangles are cubes.
a. Invalid; illicit subalternation.
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b. Invalid; existential fallacy.
c. Invalid; illicit contradiction.
d. Valid; no fallacy.
e. Invalid; illicit conversion.
29. It is false that no jurists are distinguished scholars. Therefore, all jurists are distinguished scholars.
a. Invalid; illicit subcontrary.
b. Invalid; existential fallacy.
c. Invalid; illicit contrary.
d. Valid; no fallacy.
e. Valid; illicit subalternation.
30. Some guilty defendants are not believable witnesses. Therefore, some unbelievable witnesses are not innocent
defendants.
a. Invalid; existential fallacy.
b. Valid; no fallacy.
c. Invalid; illicit contraposition.
d. Invalid; illicit contrary.
e. Invalid; illicit subcontrary.
31. Some websites are not celebrations of vanity. Therefore, some websites are celebrations of vanity.
a. Invalid; illicit subalternation.
b. Valid; unnamed fallacy.
c. Valid; no fallacy.
d. Invalid; illicit contraposition.
e. Invalid; illicit subcontrary.
32. No finished projects are uncompleted works. Therefore, no completed works are unfinished projects.
a. Valid; no fallacy.
b. Invalid; illicit contraposition.
c. Invalid; illicit contrary.
d. Invalid; illicit conversion.
e. Invalid; illicit obversion.
33. It is false that some funerals are gleeful occasions. Therefore, some funerals are not gleeful occasions.
a. Invalid; existential fallacy.
b. Invalid; illicit subcontrary.
c. Invalid; illicit subalternation.
d. Invalid; illicit conversion.
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34. Some flying horses are not zebras. Therefore, some zebras are not flying horses.
a. Invalid; illicit conversion.
b. Invalid; existential fallacy.
c. Invalid; illicit subcontrary.
d. Invalid; illicit contraposition.
e. Valid; no fallacy.
35. Some toys are not safe playthings. Therefore, some toys are unsafe playthings.
a. Invalid; existential fallacy.
b. Invalid; illicit contraposition.
c. Invalid; illicit subalternation.
d. Valid; no fallacy.
e. Invalid; illicit subcontrary.
36. It is false that no landlords are entrepreneurs who evict tenants. Therefore, all landlords are entrepreneurs who evict
tenants.
a. Invalid; illicit contrary.
b. Valid; no fallacy.
c. Invalid; existential fallacy.
d. Invalid; illicit conversion.
e. Invalid; illicit subcontrary.
37. It is false that some leprechauns are not cobblers. Therefore, it is false that no leprechauns are cobblers.
a. Valid; existential fallacy.
b. Invalid; illicit contrary.
c. Valid; no fallacy.
d. Invalid; illicit subalternation.
e. Invalid; existential fallacy.
INSTRUCTIONS: Fill in the Venn diagram for each statement.
38. No S are P. (Boolean standpoint)
After filling in the diagram,
a. Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2.
b. Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1.
c. Area 2 is shaded, and there are no other marks.
d. There is an X in Area 2.
e. Area 3 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2.
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39. Some S are not P. (Aristotelian standpoint)
After filling in the diagram,
a. There is an X in Area 3.
b. There is an X in Area 1.
c. Area 1 is shaded.
d. There is an X in Area 2.
e. Area 2 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 1.
40. All S are P. (Aristotelian standpoint)
After filling in the diagram,
a. There is an X in Area 1.
b. Area 2 is shaded.
c. Area 1 is shaded, and there is a circled X in Area 2.
d. Area 3 is shaded.
e. Area 1 is shaded, and there are no other marks.
INSTRUCTIONS: Select the best translation for each categorical proposition.
41. The only dogs in my home are poodles.
a. Some poodles are not dogs in my home.
b. All poodles are dogs in my home.
c. All dogs in my home are things identical to poodles.
d. All dogs in my home are poodles.
e. All poodles are the only dogs in my home.
42. There is a bird in the tree.
a. Some birds are animals in the tree.
b. All birds are animals in the tree.
c. Some birds are animals in the tree and some birds are not animals in the tree.
d. All animals in the tree are birds.
e. All things identical to a tree are places there is a bird.
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43. All except the skaters won a medal.
a. All skaters are not people who won a medal.
b. No skaters are people who won a medal and all non-skaters are people who won a medal.
c. Some skaters are not people who won a medal.
d. All people who did not win a medal are skaters.
e. No skaters are people who won a medal.
44. Elms are not evergreens.
a. Some evergreens are not elms.
b. No things identical to elms are things identical to evergreens.
c. No non-evergreens are elms.
d. All elms are not evergreens.
e. No elms are evergreens.
45. If a deer has no horns, then it isn’t a buck.
a. All bucks are deer with horns.
b. No deer that are not bucks are deer with horns.
c. All deer with horns are bucks.
d. All deer without horns are not bucks.
e. If a deer is a buck, then it has horns.
46. None but scoundrels are villains.
a. No scoundrels are villains, and all non-scoundrels are villains.
b. All scoundrels are villains.
c. All villains are scoundrels.
d. No scoundrels are villains.
e. All non-villains are non-scoundrels.
47. Not all attorneys are successful.
a. Some successful people are not attorneys.
b. Some attorneys are successful people and some attorneys are not successful people.
c. Some attorneys are not successful.
d. Some attorneys are not successful people.
e. All attorneys are not successful people.
48. Party animals occupy the next apartment.
a. Some people who occupy the next apartment are not party animals.
b. Some party animals are people who occupy the next apartment and some party animals are not people who
occupy the next apartment.
c. Some party animals occupy the next apartment.
d. All party animals are people who occupy the next apartment.
e. Some party animals are people who occupy the next apartment.
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49. She paints what she likes.
a. Some things she paints are things she likes to paint.
b. All things she likes to paint are things she paints.
c. Some things are things she likes to paint, and some things are not things she likes to paint.
d. All things she paints are things she likes to paint.
e. All people identical to her paint what they like.
50. Anderson was elected.
a. No people who were not elected are people not identical to Anderson.
b. All people identical to Anderson were elected persons.
c. All people identical to Anderson are people who were elected.
d. Some people identical to Anderson are people who were elected.
e. All people like Anderson are people who were elected.