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1. Which of the following statements has primarily cognitive meaning?
a. Mr. Parker’s proposals for reorganizing the company are positively bizarre.
b. Ansel Adams’ photographs are amazingly beautiful.
c. The government is currently run by maniacs.
d. The number of deaths linked to prescription drugs is on the rise.
e. I am disgusted by the proposals to drill for oil in wildlife refuges.
2. Which of the following statements expresses a value claim?
a. The war in Iraq is thoroughly immoral.
b. Any possible cure for malaria must be cheap.
c. In general, Picasso’s paintings sell for more than Miró’s.
d. Castle Rock’s new film is projected to earn $63 million in the first week.
e. Global warming threatens the ice shelves of Antarctica.
3. Which of the following statements is vague?
a. Dominique, my roommate, was born in France.
b. Bob saw the lost dog driving in his car.
c. This breakfast cereal is made from natural ingredients.
d. Some sleep disorders can be treated.
e. Mold causes allergic reactions in many people.
4. Which of the following statements is ambiguous?
a. All of the apples that I bought are golden delicious.
b. The stolen bicycle was found by a man sleeping in the park.
c. Gail has a new hair do.
d. Ibuprofen can relieve a headache.
e. Professor Johnson, my anthropology teacher, is old.
5. The following dispute:
Tina: Megan said just a minute ago that her new apartment is on Pine Street.
Carl: You must be going deaf. She said that her apartment is on Palm Street.
is best described as:
a. Verbal arising from vagueness.
b. Auditory.
c. Verbal arising from ambiguity.
d. Transitional.
e. Factual.
6. The following dispute:
Alan: This exhibition of photographs should be shut down. It’s clearly pornographic.
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Daisy: How can you say that? The photographs are of the human body, and the human body is beautiful.
is best described as:
a. Verbal arising from ambiguity.
b. Moral.
c. Verbal arising from vagueness.
d. Factual.
e. Aesthetic.
7. Which of the following words is a term?
a. Around the corner.
b. Credibility.
c. Since.
d. Fantastic.
e. Alternately.
8. Which of the following are all denoted by the term “watchmaker“?
a. Sales, profits, assets, liabilities.
b. Stylish, functional, accurate, battery operated.
c. American, French, Swiss, Japanese.
d. Timex, Cartier, Omega, Casio.
e. United States, France, Switzerland, Japan.
9. Which of the following are all connoted by the term “comedian”?
a. American, French, Spanish, Italian.
b. New York, Los Angeles, Las Vegas, Atlantic City.
c. Jerry Seinfeld, Bill Murray, Steve Martin, John Stewart.
d. Sitcoms, dramas, musicals, fantasies.
e. Humorous, quick witted, clever, articulate.
10. Which of the following pairs of terms have the same extension?
a. Human, human less than twenty feet tall.
b. Resident of Paris, resident of London.
c. Toyota, Honda.
d. United Parcel Service, Federal Express.
e. Collie, poodle.
11. Which of the following groups of terms are in the order of increasing intension?
a. Leaded gasoline, gasoline, fossil fuel, fuel.
b. Fossil fuel, fuel, leaded gasoline, gasoline.
c. Fuel, fossil fuel, gasoline, leaded gasoline.
d. Gasoline, leaded gasoline, fuel, fossil fuel.
e. Fossil fuel, gasoline, leaded gasoline, fuel.
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12. Which of the following groups of terms are in the order of increasing extension?
a. Orange, Valencia orange, fruit, citrus fruit.
b. Valencia orange, orange, citrus fruit, fruit.
c. Fruit, citrus fruit, orange, Valencia orange.
d. Orange, citrus fruit, fruit, Valencia orange.
e. Citrus fruit, orange, Valencia orange, fruit.
13. Which of the following are both intensional definitions?
a. Demonstrative definition, operational definition.
b. Definition by genus and difference, ostensive definition.
c. Etymological definition, demonstrative definition.
d. Definition by subclass, definition by genus and difference.
e. Operational definition, synonymous definition.
14. Which of the following are both extensional definitions?
a. Synonymous definition, enumerative definition.
b. Enumerative definition, operational definition.
c. Etymological definition, definition by genus and difference.
d. Definition by subclass, enumerative definition.
e. Operational definition, demonstrative definition.
15. In the definition “‘Expert’ means a person who has special skill or knowledge in a particular field” the definiens is:
a. Person who has special skill or knowledge in a particular field.
b. Special skill or knowledge.
c. Expert.
d. In a particular field.
e. Person.
16. In the definition “‘Ship’ means a large vessel propelled by sails or engines” the definiendum is:
a. Large.
b. Vessel.
c. A large vessel propelled by sails or engines.
d. Propelled by sails or engines.
e. Ship.
17. The definition “‘Level’ means (1) flat or even, (2) parallel to the horizon, (3) a spirit level” is an example of:
a. A geometrical definition.
b. An operational definition.
c. A lexical definition.
d. A stipulative definition.
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e. A theoretical definition.
18. The definition “‘Chair’ means that and that and that” (as you point to a number of chairs) is an example of:
a. A precising definition.
b. A demonstrative definition.
c. A definition by subclass.
d. An operational definition.
e. An enumerative definition.
19. The definition “‘Theology’ derives from the Greek words theos, meaning God, and logos, meaning reason or account”
is an example of:
a. A definition by genus and difference.
b. A religious definition.
c. An extensional definition.
d. An etymological definition.
e. A stipulative definition.
20. The definition “‘Pre-Socratic philosopher’ means someone such as Thales, Anaxagoras, Parmenides, or Heraclitus” is
an example of:
a. A definition by subclass.
b. A definition by genus and difference.
c. An enumerative definition.
d. A synonymous definition.
e. A philosophical definition.
21. The definition “‘Official’ means a person appointed or elected to office” is an example of:
a. A precising definition.
b. A synonymous definition.
c. A stipulative definition.
d. A definition by subclass.
e. A definition by genus and difference.
22. The definition “‘Covenant’ means agreement” is an example of:
a. A synonymous definition.
b. An ostensive definition.
c. A legal definition.
d. An etymological definition.
e. A precising definition.
23. The definition “‘Furniture’ means tables, chairs, couches, beds, credenzas, and so on” is an example of:
a. A definition by genus and difference.
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b. A definition by subclass.
c. An enumerative definition.
d. A demonstrative definition.
e. A synonymous definition.
24. The definition “‘Neoconservative’ means a political ideologue committed to massive federal deficits, proactive wars,
environmental destruction, and special benefits for the wealthiest citizens” is an example of:
a. A lexical definition.
b. A stipulative definition.
c. A theoretical definition.
d. A persuasive definition.
e. A political definition.
25. The definition “‘Noisy’ means, in relation to a factory, having an average sound level of 87 decibels or greater” is an
example of:
a. An operational definition.
b. A lexical definition.
c. An industrial definition.
d. A definition by genus and difference.
e. A precising definition.
26. The definition “A frying pan is ‘hot’ if and only if it sizzles when you drip a tiny bit of water into it” is an example of:
a. A persuasive definition.
b. A culinary definition.
c. An operational definition.
d. A demonstrative definition.
e. A theoretical definition.
27. The definition “‘Star’ means a cosmic body that emits electromagnetic radiation as a result of thermo-nuclear fusion
deep within its interior” is an example of:
a. A theoretical definition.
b. A demonstrative definition.
c. A persuasive definition.
d. An astronomical definition.
e. An operational definition.
28. The definition “‘Cyberomeo’ means a guy who arranges sexual encounters on the Internet” is an example of:
a. A personal definition.
b. A demonstrative definition.
c. A lexical definition.
d. A stipulative definition.
e. An operational definition.
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29. In the definition “‘Directory’ means a book containing an alphabetical index of the names and addresses of persons in
an area” the genus term is:
a. Names and addresses of persons in an area.
b. Book.
c. Alphabetical index.
d. Directory.
e. Names and addresses.
30. In the definition “‘Plebiscite’ means a direct vote of all the members of an electorate on an important public question,”
the species term is:
a. Question.
b. Plebiscite.
c. Vote.
d. A direct vote of all the members of an electorate on an important public question.
e. Direct.
31. In the definition “‘Factory’ means a building containing facilities for the manufacture of goods” the difference words
are:
a. Manufacture, goods.
b. Manufacture of goods.
c. Building containing facilities for the manufacture of goods.
d. Factory, building.
e. Containing facilities for the manufacture of goods.
32. As a lexical definition, Edgar Shoaff’s definition “Advertising is the art of making whole lies out of half truths” may
be criticized as:
a. Being negative.
b. Being too narrow.
c. Being figurative.
d. Being affective.
e. Being too broad.
33. As a lexical definition, the definition “‘Hourglass’ means a device consisting of two conically shaped chambers
containing sand and connected at their apexes” may be criticized as:
a. Failing to convey the essential meaning of the word being defined.
b. Being figurative.
c. Being vague.
d. Being ambiguous.
e. Failing to indicate the context to which the definiens pertains.
34. As a lexical definition, the definition “‘Seditious’ means given to sedition” may be criticized as:
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a. Failing to convey the essential meaning of the word being defined.
b. Being circular.
c. Being too broad.
d. Being ambiguous.
e. Being vague.
35. As a lexical definition, the definition “‘Hoe’ means a tool used for gardening” may be criticized as:
a. Being obscure.
b. Failing to indicate the context to which the definiens pertains.
c. Being ambiguous.
d. Being affective.
e. Being too broad.
36. As a lexical definition, the definition “‘Art’ is what separates man from beast” may be criticized as:
a. Being circular.
b. Being vague.
c. Being ambiguous.
d. Being figurative.
e. Being negative.
37. As a lexical definition, Ambrose Bierce’s definition “Politician: An eel in the fundamental mud upon which the
superstructure of organized society is reared” may be criticized as:
a. Being obscure.
b. Being too narrow.
c. Being figurative.
d. Being too broad.
e. Being negative.
38. As a lexical definition, the definition “‘Modest’ means not being immodest” may be criticized as:
a. Being negative.
b. Being too broad.
c. Failing to indicate the context to which the definiens pertains.
d. Being too narrow.
e. Being vague.
39. As a lexical definition, the definition “‘Bees wax’ means the natural ester formed from hexacosanoic acid and
triacontanol” may be criticized as:
a. Being ambiguous.
b. Being vague.
c. Being too broad.
d. Being obscure.
e. Being too narrow.
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40. As a lexical definition, the definition “‘Necklace’ means a piece of gold jewelry worn around the neck” may be
criticized as:
a. Being obscure.
b. Being affective.
c. Being too broad.
d. Being circular.
e. Being too narrow.