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1. Which of the following statements has primarily cognitive meaning?
a. John Grisham’s latest novel is fascinating.
b. Some of Frank Lloyd Wright’s buildings are thoroughly ugly.
c. Rainforest destruction in Brazil will alter that country’s climate.
d. I was disgusted by today’s action in the Senate.
e. Every item on the menu in this restaurant is delicious.
2. Which of the following statements expresses a value claim?
a. Dropping the atomic bomb on Hiroshima killed over 100,000 people.
b. Jobs at Home Depot pay more than jobs at McDonald’s.
c. Abortion is considered a sin by the Catholic Church.
d. Elizabeth Warren is regarded as a progressive by most voters.
e. Today’s fashions are positively awful.
3. Which of the following statements is vague?
a. The convicted prostitutes appealed to the governor.
b. Terry bought a new widescreen TV.
c. Sporting events are broadcast on satellite radio.
d. All of the paintings in this gallery are expensive.
e. The most venomous snake is native to Australia.
4. Which of the following statements is ambiguous?
a. Cathy saw a woman give birth on her television.
b. George earns a good salary at his new job.
c. Illegal immigrants are not entitled to Social Security benefits.
d. Drug-sniffing dogs can be seen in airports.
e. Mobile phone service is available in Anchorage.
5. The following dispute:
Tony: My friend Harold thinks that he is doing a lot of good in his new career as a criminal lawyer.
Sue: That’s ridiculous. Lawyers who are criminals rarely if ever do any good.
is best described as:
a. Factual.
b. Verbal arising from ambiguity.
c. Legal.
d. Fundamental.
e. Verbal arising from vagueness.
6. The following dispute:
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Ann: During the Iraq war, our troops tortured prisoners by kicking and beating them.
Steve: Don’t be silly. That’s not torture, it’s just rough treatment.
is best described as:
a. Factual.
b. Political.
c. Verbal arising from ambiguity.
d. Verbal arising from vagueness.
e. Dispositional.
7. Which of the following words is a term?
a. Kim Kardashian.
b. Finally.
c. Therefore.
d. On the roof of the house.
e. In the near future.
8. Which of the following are all denoted by the term “city”?
a. French, Italian, Spanish, American.
b. Museums, schools, banks, restaurants.
c. Paris, Rome, Madrid, San Francisco.
d. Large, populous, charming, historic.
e. France, Italy, Spain, United States.
9. Which of the following are all connoted by the term “sculptor”?
a. Spanish, French, Italian, Swiss.
b. Baroque, rococo, renaissance, modern.
c. Michelangelo, Rodin, Giacometti, Picasso.
d. Marble, wood, bronze, iron.
e. Visual, sensitive, skilful, dexterous.
10. Which of the following terms have the same extension?
a. Pound of iron, pound of feathers.
b. Sacramento, capital of California.
c. North Pole, South Pole.
d. Pint of water, pint of lemonade.
e. New York City, Los Angeles.
11. Which of the following groups of terms is in the order of increasing intension?
a. Vehicle, automobile, Honda, Accord.
b. Automobile, Honda, vehicle, Accord.
c. Automobile, vehicle, Accord, Honda.
d. Accord, Honda, automobile, vehicle.
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e. Accord, vehicle, Honda, automobile.
12. Which of the following groups of terms is in the order of increasing extension?
a. Weapon, firearm, hand-gun, six-shooter.
b. Hand-gun, firearm, weapon, six-shooter.
c. Six-shooter, hand-gun, firearm, weapon.
d. Firearm, hand-gun, weapon, six-shooter.
e. Weapon, six-shooter, hand-gun, firearm.
13. Which of the following are both intensional definitions?
a. Etymological definition, enumerative definition.
b. Synonymous definition, definition by genus and difference.
c. Demonstrative definition, definition by subclass.
d. Operational definition, enumerative definition.
e. Synonymous definition, demonstrative definition.
14. Which of the following are both extensional definitions?
a. Enumerative definition, synonymous definition.
b. Definition by genus and difference, definition by subclass.
c. Operational definition, enumerative definition.
d. Definition by subclass, demonstrative definition.
e. Demonstrative definition, etymological definition.
15. In the definition “‘Material’ means the substance of which something is made or composed” the definiens is:
a. Something is made or composed.
b. Substance.
c. Material.
d. Something.
e. The substance of which something is made or composed.
16. In the definition “‘Heel’ means the back part of the foot in humans, below and behind the ankle” the definiendum is:
a. The back part of the foot in humans.
b. Foot.
c. Heel.
d. The back part of the foot in humans, below and behind the ankle.
e. Below and behind the ankle.
17. The definition “‘Parlor’ means a room for receiving visitors” is an example of:
a. A definition by genus and difference.
b. A theoretical definition.
c. A precising definition.
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d. A definition by subclass.
e. An etymological definition.
18. The definition “‘Grain’ means (1) a small hard seed, (2) a unit of weight, (3) the arrangement or direction of the fibers
in wood” is an example of:
a. An enumerative definition.
b. A theoretical definition.
c. A precising definition.
d. A stipulative definition.
e. A lexical definition.
19. The definition “‘Butterfloth’ means an insect that results from crossbreeding a butterfly with a moth” is an example of:
a. An enumerative definition.
b. A synonymous definition.
c. A lexical definition.
d. A stipulative definition.
e. A persuasive definition.
20. The definition “‘Sports utility vehicle’ means an unwieldy pile of vehicular machinery that consumes massive
quantities of fuel, emits inordinate amounts of polluting gasses, and is prone to roll over in crashes” is an example of:
a. A precising definition.
b. A persuasive definition.
c. A theoretical definition.
d. An automotive definition.
e. An operational definition.
21. The definition “‘Reptile’ means a snake, lizard, turtle, crocodile, and so on” is an example of:
a. A precising definition.
b. An enumerative definition.
c. A persuasive definition.
d. A demonstrative definition.
e. A definition by subclass.
22. The definition “A smooth surface is ‘level’ if and only if a marble placed on any part of the surface doesn’t roll” is an
example of:
a. A definition by genus and difference.
b. An operational definition.
c. A lexical definition.
d. A definition by subclass.
e. A stipulative definition.
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23. The definition “‘Jurist’ means someone such as William Brennan, Louis Brandeis, Benjamin Cardozo, and Oliver
Wendell Holmes” is an example of:
a. A definition by subclass.
b. An operational definition.
c. An enumerative definition.
d. A demonstrative definition.
e. A stipulative definition.
24. The definition “‘Soft’ means, in regard to water, containing less than 60 milligrams of dissolved calcium and
magnesium per liter” is an example of:
a. A precising definition.
b. An operational definition.
c. A synonymous definition.
d. A hydrostatic definition.
e. An etymological definition.
25. The definition “‘Pusillanimous’ means cowardly” is an example of:
a. A demonstrative definition.
b. A theoretical definition.
c. A definition by genus and difference.
d. A synonymous definition.
e. A precising definition.
26. The definition “‘Burn’ means to give off heat by combining with oxygen; to oxidize” is an example of:
a. A persuasive definition.
b. An extensional definition.
c. A definition by genus and difference.
d. A thermodynamic definition.
e. A theoretical definition.
27. The definition “‘Desk’ means that and that and that” (as you point to a number of desks) is an example of:
a. A lexical definition.
b. A demonstrative definition.
c. A definition by subclass.
d. An enumerative definition.
e. A precising definition.
28. The definition “‘Retain’ derives from the Latin words tenere which means hold, and re, which mean back” is an
example of:
a. An etymological definition.
b. A stipulative definition.
c. A synonymous definition.
d. An operational definition.
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e. An ostensive definition.
29. In the definition “‘Robin’ means a large North American songbird having a chestnut-red breast and abdomen” the
genus term is:
a. Abdomen.
b. Songbird.
c. Robin.
d. Chestnut-red breast and abdomen.
e. North American.
30. In the definition “‘Martyr’ means a person who willingly suffers death rather than renounce his or her religion” the
species term is:
a. Who willingly suffers death rather than renounce his or her religion.
b. Who willingly suffers death.
c. Person.
d. Martyr.
e. Religion.
31. In the definition “‘Nest’ means a bowl-shaped structure prepared by a bird for incubating eggs and rearing young” the
difference words are (select the best answer):
a. Nest, structure.
b. Prepared by a bird.
c. Bowl-shaped, prepared by a bird for incubating eggs and rearing young.
d. Bowl-shaped structure.
e. For incubating eggs and rearing young.
32. As a lexical definition, the definition “‘Clock’ means an electrical device that keeps time” may be criticized as:
a. Being figurative.
b. Being ambiguous.
c. Being too broad.
d. Being negative.
e. Being too narrow.
33. As a lexical definition, the definition “‘Congruence’ means the condition of being congruent” may be criticized as:
a. Being figurative.
b. Being circular.
c. Being obscure.
d. Being affective.
e. Being vague.
34. As a lexical definition, the definition “‘Mop’ means a terminally attached particulate disengager” may be criticized as:
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a. Being circular.
b. Failing to indicate the context to which the definiens pertains.
c. Being ambiguous.
d. Being obscure.
e. Being affective.
35. As a lexical definition, the definition “‘Intelligible’ means not being unintelligible” may be criticized as:
a. Being negative.
b. Being too broad.
c. Being figurative.
d. Failing to convey the essential meaning of the word being defined.
e. Being too narrow.
36. As a lexical definition, Lord Webb-Johnson’s multiple definition “A neurotic is a person who builds a castle in the air.
A psychotic is a man who lives in it. And a psychiatrist is a man who collects the rent” may be criticized as:
a. Being negative.
b. Being obscure.
c. Being figurative.
d. Being ambiguous.
e. Being circular.
37. As a lexical definition, Ambrose Bierce’s definition of logic as “The art of thinking and reasoning in strict accordance
with the limitations and incapacities of the human misunderstanding” may be criticized as:
a. Being too broad.
b. Being too narrow.
c. Being negative.
d. Being figurative.
e. Being affective.
38. As a lexical definition, the definition “‘Warhead’ means the uppermost section of a guided missile” may be criticized
as:
a. Being too narrow.
b. Being too broad.
c. Failing to indicate the context to which the definiens pertains.
d. Failing to convey the essential meaning of the word being defined.
e. Being obscure.
39. As a lexical definition, the definition “‘Poem’ means a composition that expresses feelings” may be criticized as:
a. Being affective.
b. Being vague.
c. Being ambiguous.
d. Failing to indicate the context to which the definiens pertains.
e. Being circular.
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40. As a lexical definition, the definition “‘Wife’ means a married person” may be criticized as:
a. Being too broad.
b. Being obscure.
c. Being too narrow.
d. Being vague.
e. Being ambiguous.