• Pseudolistening is pretending to listen.
• Monopolizing is hogging the stage by continually focusing communication on ourselves
instead of the person talking.
• Selective listening is focusing on only particular parts of messages.
• Defensive listening involves perceiving personal attacks, criticisms, or hostility in
communication when no offense is intended.
• Ambushing is listening carefully for the purpose of attacking.
• Literal listening is listening only to the content level of meaning and ignoring the
relationship level of meaning.
Students’ personal examples will vary.
47. There are many obstacles to effective listening. What two keep you from listening the most effectively? Give an
example of each and suggest one way that you can improve on each of the two types you have described.
Student answers should include two of the following obstacles to effective listening:
• message overload
• message complexity
• environmental distractions
• preoccupation
• prejudgment
• lack of effort
• failure to adjust to diverse communication
Students’ personal examples will vary.