Name:
Class:
Date:
chapter 6
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 1
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
1. Learning to cope with change is important for maintaining a positive attitude that employers value.
a. True
b. False
2. One of the most significant differences between high and low achievers is choice of career.
a. True
b. False
3. Companies can make full use of the ideas, talents, experiences, and perspectives of their employees by limiting
diversity.
a. True
b. False
4. When Nina tells her manager that she doesn’t feel she needs to attend various training sessions at company expense or
utilize support services, her manager is likely to be thankful for her willing attitude to minimize company costs.
a. True
b. False
5. Sam is upset because his manager just announced that the turnaround time for research reports has been shortened from
3 weeks to 2 weeks. Sam can work to change his attitude about this by mentally reframing the situation as a challenge to
be more focused and efficient when writing his reports.
a. True
b. False
6. You can help others to change their attitudes by changing the conditions that precede a behavior.
a. True
b. False
7. The use of rewards and punishments to influence another’s attitude is a successful strategy with children but not with
adults.
a. True
b. False
8. A peer group consists of people who share a common interest and act as an information source for an individual
member.
a. True
b. False
9. Jane stopped smoking because Mary, her older cousin whom she admires, disapproves and does not smoke. This is an
example of the power of a peer group.
a. True
b. False
Name:
Class:
Date:
chapter 6
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 2
10. Most differences between happy and unhappy individuals are based on external factors.
a. True
b. False
11. Andrew, who is training to run a marathon, occasionally mentions his progress to his boss. His boss will probably
perceive Andrew as having a self-absorbed attitude and be unappreciative of his endeavor.
a. True
b. False
12. When asked, employees cite interesting work and recognition for good performance among the attributets they most
desire in a job.
a. True
b. False
13. We develop negative or positive attitudes toward people, ideas, and events based upon our thoughts about, feelings
about, and actions toward them.
a. True
b. False
14. By simply saying “Thank you; I appreciate receiving this today” when a coworker provides you information ahead of
schedule, you are can influence that person to submit work early again in the future.
a. True
b. False
15. It can be difficult, though not impossible, to unlearn negative attitudes.
a. True
b. False
16. While you can control or modify attitudes to some degree, it is basically impossible to change them once you reach
adulthood.
a. True
b. False
17. In the conceptual age, workers and businesses that demonstrate empathetic attitudes will have a competitive
advantage.
a. True
b. False
18. Employees who frequently have a negative attitude can still maintain a high level of productivity.
a. True
b. False
19. People are usually fired because the cognitive or emotional components of their attitudes are unacceptable to the
organization, not because of their behaviors on the job.
a. True
Name:
Class:
Date:
chapter 6
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 3
b. False
20. In most organizations, new employees observe and emulate what supervisors and managers do when adjusting to their
jobs.
a. True
b. False
Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
21. Mandy’s employer is going through a period of intense and rapid change. Mandy has begun rejecting any new work–
related idea or practice, preferring to cling to the methods that her employer used before the changes began. Mandy is
exhibiting which of the following negative attitudes concerning change?
a. Tenacity
b. Arrogance
c. Inflexibility
d. Traditionalism
22. Improving employees’ attitudes can increase a company’s productivity. Ways to change employees’ attitudes include
a. focusing primarily on monetary rewards for employees.
b. holding regular celebrations for all employees and their families.
c. encouraging management to develop friendships with their workers.
d. awarding bonuses to the employees who are most liked by their managers.
23. An important first step in changing your attitude is
a. changing your lifestyle.
b. asking your parents for feedback.
c. asking your friends to change their attitudes with you.
d. concentrating on positive things in your life.
24. As CEO of a very successful organization, Joshua tries to show his enthusiasm and support for the work of his
executive staff. They then demonstrate a similar degree of enthusiasm and support to middle management. This continues
down the chain of authority. We can then say that
a. the socialization process works well.
b. using role models influences our attitudes.
c. an organization’s success is a reflection of the attitudes of its leaders.
d. the power of reference groups on perception is very strong.
25. Rafael sees his family achieve financial success through hard work. His parents and teachers talk about the importance
of voting and being active in the community. As a result, Rafael develops strong attitudes about these issues. This is an
example of
a. the power of a peer group in forming attitudes.
b. the socialization process.
c. the power of attitudes within an organization.
d. rewards and punishment in forming attitudes.
Name:
Class:
Date:
chapter 6
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 4
26. Sherry hates to do financial reports. Her boss encourages her when he gives her a financial report assignment and
praises her when she gets it done on time and accurately. He is quite stern and scolds her if she complains about doing
them. Over time, Sherry begins to feel more positively about doing the reports and actually comes to enjoy them. This is
an example of the power of
a. rewards and punishment in forming attitudes.
b. the effect of role model identification on attitude formation.
c. the socialization process at work.
d. a peer group on the development of attitudes.
27. Lena frequently agrees with the rest of her team in hopes that she will be accepted by her team members. She may lose
control of her attitude due to
a. cynicism.
b. groupthink.
c. closed-mindedness.
d. professional relationships.
28. Eddie’s attitude toward work is that each worker should consistently put forth his or her best effort to do the job well.
How might Eddie best convey this attitude when applying for a job?
a. Avoiding too much preparation for the interview so his responses sound natural
b. Sending his standard résumé and cover letter promptly
c. Customizing his résumé to highlight skills relevant to the position
d. Discussing all of his core values in depth during the interview
29. Which type of person is most likely to view problems as temporary setbacks rather than as barriers to success?
a. Pessimists
b. Optimists
c. Introverts
d. Directives
30. Attitudes are our sincere thoughts. Which of the following statements is true about attitudes?
a. They affect how we think, feel, and act.
b. They are the foundation upon which we develop our values.
c. They are relatively easy to form and change.
d. They can significantly affect our mental health but have little impact on our physical health.
31. The changing demographics of the global work force make which of the following attitudes especially important for
success in the workplace?
a. Self-leadership
b. Valuing coworker diversity
c. Health consciousness
d. Self-directed learning
Case 6.1
Martin is managing a production line in a manufacturing plant in the Midwest. Martin has a quality and productivity
problem in one part of the manufacturing process. He discovers that his workers aren’t sure what to do. When he asks why
they didn’t ask questions, the universal reply is, “We Midwesterners don’t ask questions, we just do.”
Name:
Class:
Date:
chapter 6
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 5
Martin decides to address this problem by offering recognition rewards for the employee who asks the most job-related
questions that lead to process improvements each month. Unfortunately, Martin finds the program doesn’t work. When he
further questions his workers, he discovers that no one wants to be the first to ask questions. As a group, workers still feel
that they should figure it out on their own and not ask questions.
Martin persuades Carmen, a worker everyone else admires, to be the first to ask questions as part of the program. After
about a month, several other people begin to submit questions, and soon everyone in the plant is asking questions.
32. Refer to Case 6.1. The source of Martin’s production and quality problem is an example of which influence on
attitudes?
a. Rewards and punishment
b. Role models
c. Peer or reference group
d. Culture
33. Despite facing a struggling economy, ABC Company offers its employees yoga and healthy cooking classes at lunch
and after work. The company is attempting to
a. reduce costs by promoting employee well-being.
b. enhance employee spirituality.
c. create self-directed learners.
d. make employees work harder by offering additional benefits.
34. Carlos teaches high school language arts classes. When selecting a reference group, he is most likely to choose
a. several educators belonging to the National Council of Teachers of English.
b. various school administrators.
c. the high school student body.
d. members of his family.
35. While her team was developing an eco-friendly cleaning wipe, Jackie suggested using a particular material, which
triggered Jamal’s idea to try a similar but faster-dissolving material. The team adopted Jamal’s idea, and the product
succeeded. When Jamal’s boss asked whose idea it was to use the chosen material, Jamal said it was his, but that he
wouldn’t have thought of it without Jackie’s input. In this example, Jamal most clearly demonstrates which of the
following employer-valued attitudes?
a. Honesty and team spirit
b. Health consciousness and culture appreciation
c. Optimism and health consciousness
d. Self-motivation and flexibility
36. Ahmad was recently laid off from his job at Big Bank. When he was employed, he did not enjoy his job; however,
now that his job is gone, he feels discouraged and hopeless. Ahmad needs to change his attitude and can do so by
a. seeking support and happiness in his relationships.
b. doing more things that he enjoys.
c. discovering positive opportunities resulting from the layoff.
d. doing all of these things (a-c).
37. Refer to Case 6.1.Which of the following attitudes does Martin most value in Carmen’s willingness to ask the first
questions?
a. Team spirit
Name:
Class:
Date:
chapter 6
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 6
b. Openness to change
c. Appreciation of coworker diversity
d. Health consciousness
38. Jasmine goes out of her way to display a caring attitude to one of her customers during a sales call. The customer
establishes a long-term relationship with Jasmine’s company. This is an example of
a. the influence of role models on attitudes.
b. how attitude can lead to success in someone’s career.
c. how an empathizer can be a powerful force in an organization.
d. the power of a reference group on the formation of attitudes.
Case 6.1
Martin is managing a production line in a manufacturing plant in the Midwest. Martin has a quality and productivity
problem in one part of the manufacturing process. He discovers that his workers aren’t sure what to do. When he asks why
they didn’t ask questions, the universal reply is, “We Midwesterners don’t ask questions, we just do.”
Martin decides to address this problem by offering recognition rewards for the employee who asks the most job-related
questions that lead to process improvements each month. Unfortunately, Martin finds the program doesn’t work. When he
further questions his workers, he discovers that no one wants to be the first to ask questions. As a group, workers still feel
that they should figure it out on their own and not ask questions.
Martin persuades Carmen, a worker everyone else admires, to be the first to ask questions as part of the program. After
about a month, several other people begin to submit questions, and soon everyone in the plant is asking questions.
39. Refer to Case 6.1. Martin’s identification of Carmen is an example of using ____ to influence attitudes.
a. culture
b. socialization
c. rewards and punishments
d. role models
40. Henry wants to help one of his employees develop a more positive attitude about work. He should
a. keep an open mind.
b. alter the way the employee thinks.
c. change the conditions surrounding the events that feed the employee’s negative attitude.
d. provide negative consequences for doing what is asked.
41. Alex admires his manager, Susan, and considers her a role model. Susan often speaks about the importance of
communication. At the same time, her busy schedule with external clients makes her very unavailable to Alex and other
employees. During the rare chance that they are able to speak with her, she seems hurried and answers other calls and text
messages. Alex is most likely to develop an attitude that
a. communicating with employees and communicating with clients are equally important.
b. upward communication is valuable to managers.
c. communicating with clients is less important than communicating with employees.
d. internal communication is less important than external communication.
Case 6.1
Name:
Class:
Date:
chapter 6
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 7
Martin is managing a production line in a manufacturing plant in the Midwest. Martin has a quality and productivity
problem in one part of the manufacturing process. He discovers that his workers aren’t sure what to do. When he asks why
they didn’t ask questions, the universal reply is, “We Midwesterners don’t ask questions, we just do.”
Martin decides to address this problem by offering recognition rewards for the employee who asks the most job-related
questions that lead to process improvements each month. Unfortunately, Martin finds the program doesn’t work. When he
further questions his workers, he discovers that no one wants to be the first to ask questions. As a group, workers still feel
that they should figure it out on their own and not ask questions.
Martin persuades Carmen, a worker everyone else admires, to be the first to ask questions as part of the program. After
about a month, several other people begin to submit questions, and soon everyone in the plant is asking questions.
42. Refer to Case 6.1. Martin’s plan failed initially because he didn’t consider the power of ____ on attitudes.
a. the socialization process
b. peer or reference groups
c. role model identification
d. rewards and punishments
43. Rude behavior in the workplace, such as using profanity and failing to say “please” and “thank you,” demonstrates a
lack of
a. basic interpersonal skills.
b. appreciation of coworker diversity.
c. openness to change.
d. self-motivation.
Case 6.1
Martin is managing a production line in a manufacturing plant in the Midwest. Martin has a quality and productivity
problem in one part of the manufacturing process. He discovers that his workers aren’t sure what to do. When he asks why
they didn’t ask questions, the universal reply is, “We Midwesterners don’t ask questions, we just do.”
Martin decides to address this problem by offering recognition rewards for the employee who asks the most job-related
questions that lead to process improvements each month. Unfortunately, Martin finds the program doesn’t work. When he
further questions his workers, he discovers that no one wants to be the first to ask questions. As a group, workers still feel
that they should figure it out on their own and not ask questions.
Martin persuades Carmen, a worker everyone else admires, to be the first to ask questions as part of the program. After
about a month, several other people begin to submit questions, and soon everyone in the plant is asking questions.
44. Refer to Case 6.1. Martin’s initial solution to the problem is an example of using which influence to change individual
attitudes about asking questions?
a. Changing consequences
b. Changing conditions
c. Socialization through training
d. Keeping an open mind
45. In Chapter 6, you were introduced to the purpose and major elements of Jiffy Lube International’s employee training
program. The focus and results of this training program indicate that competitive advantage in the marketplace can be
achieved through
a. hiring the right people.
b. inspiring trust among customers.
Name:
Class:
Date:
chapter 6
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 8
c. providing quick and accurate information.
d. paying attention to employees.
Enter the appropriate word(s) to complete the statement.
46. We can never really know a person’s attitude, but we can observe his or her _____________.
47. According to author Brian Tracy’s “Law of ________________,” the more thoroughly you open your mind to the
options available to you, the more freedom you have.
48. Valuing ____________________ means that an organization tends to make full use of the ideas, talents, experiences,
and perspectives of all employees.
49. As children reach adolescence, they come to be influenced by their ____________________—perhaps even more than
by parents, teachers, and other adult figures.
50. To help others change their attitudes, you can change the conditions that precede the inappropriate behavior or change
the ____________________ that follow.
51. The American Public Health Association may be a relevant ____________________ that provides a nurse or
physician opportunities to learn information and compare ideas in ways that influence their attitudes and behaviors.
52. Organizations today work hard to create appropriate ____________________ that attract and maintain highly
qualified workers during volatile times.
53. If employers want to maintain or improve the positive attitudes of their workers, and thereby maintain or improve
productivity, they need to address the quality of their employees’ __________________.
54. ____________________ are able to imagine themselves in someone else’s position and understand what that person is
feeling.
55. Often pessimism leads to ____________________, which is a mistrusting attitude regarding the motives of people.
56. How will the age of information affect attitudes?
57. How is the success of a company affected by its leaders’ attitudes?
58. Identify an instance in your life when you felt unhappy. Applying the principles outlined in Chapter 6, how did you
create—or how should you have created—your own happiness?
59. Define attitudes and discuss five forces that influence their formation.
60. Briefly explain what it means to value diversity.
61. What are the seven attitudes of highly valuable employees? What evidence could you find in their behaviors that
would indicate to you that they possess these attitudes?
62. Describe the relationship among a person’s values, attitudes, and behaviors.
Name:
Class:
Date:
chapter 6
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 9
63. Your close friend was laid off due to downsizing, and she’s feeling depressed. She’s looked online and in the paper for
job openings, but has recently given up hope of finding anything. You’ve also noticed that she has become more
withdrawn from friends lately. Detail a well-rounded plan for how you can help her improve her attitude about this jobless
situation.
64. Name the three components of attitude described by social psychologists and provide a real-life example of each.
65. Identify a particular attitude of yours and explain how it was formed and strengthened or changed over time due to
each of the five influences mentioned in Chapter 6.
Name:
Class:
Date:
chapter 6
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 10
Answer Key
1. True
2. False
Name:
Class:
Date:
chapter 6
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 11
26. a
Name:
Class:
Date:
chapter 6
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 12
52. corporate cultures