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Chapter 17—Marketing, Ethics, and Social Responsibility in Today's Consumer Society
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1. An example of helpful other-focus is the sharing of ideas, such as answering the questions of friends or strangers posted
on social media such as Twitter or Facebook, or posting product reviews.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
2. An example of helpful other-focus is shoplifting.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
3. Consumer ethics are rules of acceptable conduct that apply to the range of consumer behaviors.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
4. Compulsive buyers gain satisfaction from owning items, not from buying them.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
5. Two psychological factors seem to explain theft: (1) the temptation to steal and (2) the ability to rationalize theft
behavior.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
6. The perceived risks of shoplifting increase when stores are noisy or crowded.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
7. Counterfeit items are not sold on black markets.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
8. Children are better at understanding the persuasive intent than the informational intent of ads.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
9. Social comparison theory proposes that individuals have a drive to compare themselves with other people.
a.
True
b.
False
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ANSWER:
True
10. When consumers seek to dispose of products that can be used, they should abandon them by littering.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
11. Consumers are less likely to conserve when they accept personal responsibility for the pollution problem.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
12. Environmentally conscious behaviors are most likely to occur when consumers perceive that their actions will make a
difference—called perceived consumer effectiveness.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
13. Consumers with an independent self-construal think more about themselves as a member of a group.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
14. In the context of resisting marketing practices, group strategies are potentially more powerful than unorganized
consumer efforts.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
15. Consumers who are particularly susceptible to the normative influences of the reference group conducting a boycott
are more likely to participate than those who are less susceptible.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
16. A primary indicator that a boycott has been successful is that it has made businesses more responsible in their plans
for future activities.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
17. Social dilemma is defined as:
a.
deciding whether to perform a rational or irrational act.
b.
deciding whether to quit excessive behavior or follow it.
c.
deciding whether to put immediate interests or long-term interests first.
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d.
deciding whether to put self-interest or the interests of others first.
e.
deciding whether to involve in compulsive behavior or addiction.
ANSWER:
d
18. Which of the following is an example of temporal dilemma?
a.
Deciding whether to put the interest of an individual first
b.
Deciding whether to put the interest of family, friends, and colleagues first
c.
Deciding whether to put short-term interests first
d.
Deciding whether to focus on ethical sourcing
e.
Deciding whether to put the interest of society at large first
ANSWER:
c
19. Joshua is a smoker. He realizes that, when he smokes in his house, he sets a negative example for his younger siblings.
He decides to stop smoking when he is at home. In this case, Joshua's decision can be framed as _____.
a.
me versus we
b.
them versus we
c.
long-term interest versus short-term interest
d.
me versus them
e.
boycotting versus patronizing
ANSWER:
a
20. In the context of social dilemma, if our focus of interest is more abstract, such as on _____, our decisions may be
framed as me versus them.
a.
a company
b.
a brand
c.
family members
d.
society at large
e.
our own self
ANSWER:
d
21. Which of the following is an example of harmful self-focus?
a.
Sharing of ideas
b.
Shoplifting
c.
Greenwashing
d.
Sharing of ideas
e.
Recycling old products
ANSWER:
b
22. Which of the following statements is true of marketing ethics?
a.
They are not adopted by companies and industry groups.
b.
They cannot be promoted in a firm's ads.
c.
They are informal ethical codes of conduct.
d.
They apply to relationships with customers.
e.
They do not apply to relationships with employees, managers, suppliers, and other stakeholders.
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ANSWER:
d
23. Deviant consumer behavior is behavior regarded as deviant if:
a.
it is unexpected.
b.
it deals with charitable behavior.
c.
it is unintentional.
d.
it deals with environmental consciousness.
e.
it is sanctioned by members of society.
ANSWER:
a
24. Addiction is an example of _____.
a.
acquisition controversies
b.
disposition controversies
c.
greenwashing
d.
ethical sourcing
e.
black marketeering
ANSWER:
a
25. Which of the following is one of the five key acquisition controversies?
a.
Collecting personal information
b.
Underage drinking
c.
Compulsive gambling
d.
Black markets
e.
Recycling old products
ANSWER:
d
26. In the context of acquisition controversies, which of the following statements is true of materialistic behavior?
a.
Materialistic adolescents shop more, save less, and are more responsive to marketing efforts.
b.
It is an unethical and deviant value.
c.
The children of materialistic parents tend to be less materialistic than other children.
d.
It is a value exclusively found in the West.
e.
It is typically brought on by a chemical dependency.
ANSWER:
a
27. _____ reflects continued, excessive behaviors despite adverse consequences, which is typically brought on by a
chemical dependency.
a.
Compulsive buying
b.
Addiction
c.
Social dilemma
d.
Conservation
e.
Greenwashing
ANSWER:
b
28. When ice cream-filled donuts were introduced, Ted was excited about them. He started having two ice cream-filled
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donuts each morning with a cup of hot coffee. Then he started to crave them after lunch as well. With time, he had an
uncontrollable urge to consume more than three dozen donuts a day. In this case, Ted's behavior is an example of _____.
a.
social dilemma
b.
temporal dilemma
c.
greenwashing
d.
addiction
e.
ethical sourcing
ANSWER:
d
29. Which of the following statements is true of addicted consumers?
a.
They do not feel shame or guilt about their addiction.
b.
They believe they have the power to stop their addiction.
c.
They believe that they must use a product or activity to function.
d.
They do not become addicted to hedonic goods.
e.
They refrain from repeated acquisition of goods if consumption is dangerous.
ANSWER:
c
30. Jackson enjoys playing games on his cell phone every day. He has also been wasting time playing games at work and
spending money to gain advantage in games. Although he wants to stop this habit, he feels it is beyond his control. In this
scenario, Jackson's behavior is an example of _____.
a.
compulsive buying
b.
addiction
c.
social dilemma
d.
conservation
e.
greenwashing
ANSWER:
b
31. Whenever John enters a department store, he feels a great sense of exhilaration and buys things he does not need. He
does this even when he has financial constraints. In this scenario, John is engaging in _____.
a.
disposition
b.
binge drinking
c.
binge eating
d.
ethical behavior
e.
compulsive behavior
ANSWER:
e
32. Which of the following statements is true of compulsive buyers?
a.
They refrain from buying when they have financial constraints.
b.
They feel anxious on days when they do not buy.
c.
They indulge in shoplifting.
d.
They tend to have high self-esteem.
e.
They are characterized by chemical dependency.
ANSWER:
b
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33. Which of the following statements is true of consumer theft?
a.
A tendency toward self-control has been associated with many forms of consumer theft.
b.
Automobile insurance fraud and credit card fraud are forms of consumer theft.
c.
Consumer theft is illegal but not unethical.
d.
Consumer theft is a problem for nonretailers but not for retailers.
e.
Purchasing many items that consumers do not need is a type of consumer theft.
ANSWER:
b
34. _____ arises when consumers want products that they cannot obtain through legitimate forms of acquisition.
a.
The temptation to steal
b.
Controversy related to disposition
c.
Temporal dilemma
d.
Controversy related to consumption
e.
The temptation to prioritize short-term interest
ANSWER:
a
35. The temptation to steal arises when:
a.
stores do not have lax return policies.
b.
consumers can afford the products they need.
c.
consumers think that they can get away with stealing.
d.
stores have high security.
e.
consumers cannot rationalize their behavior.
ANSWER:
c
36. Rhea does not quite know why she shoplifts, but it excites her. When she goes shopping, she sticks small candy bars
in her purse and switches price tags on expensive clothing. In this scenario, Rhea's shoplifting can be categorized as a
tendency toward _____.
a.
greenwashing
b.
ethical sourcing
c.
building self-esteem
d.
overindulging
e.
thrill-seeking
ANSWER:
e
37. Which of the following is a rationalization for stealing?
a.
A belief that the marketer engages in ethical sourcing
b.
Feeling guilty
c.
Having high self-esteem
d.
A belief that "everybody does it"
e.
A belief that marketer receives donations
ANSWER:
d
38. Ned regularly sticks a pack of gum or two into his pocket before leaving the supermarket. He does not think of this as
shoplifting because the packs never add up to more than a dollar. Besides, he thinks that the store rips customers off by
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charging high prices and he is getting even. In this case, Ned is involved in _____.
a.
rationalizing
b.
greenwashing
c.
ethical sourcing
d.
boycott
e.
social dilemma
ANSWER:
a
39. Which of the following statements best defines black markets?
a.
They represent situations in which consumers pay, often exorbitant amounts, for items not readily available.
b.
They represent situations characterized by consumer theft.
c.
They are actions taken to limit the use of scarce natural resources.
d.
They are situations where interest of others is focused on rather than self-interest.
e.
They refer to obtaining supplies and making products in accordance with social responsibility and
sustainability values.
ANSWER:
a
40. Which of the following statements is true of black markets?
a.
In black markets, goods that fulfill consumers' experiential needs are not sold.
b.
In black markets, the sellers are unauthorized.
c.
Government regulators in many nations encourage black markets.
d.
Only items that are readily available are sold in black markets.
e.
In black markets, goods that fulfill consumers' symbolic needs are not sold.
ANSWER:
b
41. Which of the following products sold in black markets fulfills symbolic needs?
a.
Batteries
b.
Matches
c.
Blankets
d.
Watches
e.
Drugs
ANSWER:
d
42. Which of the following is sold in black markets?
a.
Supplies obtained through ethical sourcing
b.
Goods that cannot be sold online
c.
Goods and services that do not have hedonic value
d.
Goods and services that cannot legally be sold to consumers
e.
Products made in accordance with social responsibility
ANSWER:
d
43. Critics argue that ads teach children:
a.
to become less materialistic.
b.
to prioritize socially oriented options over material objects.
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c.
to expect immediate gratification.
d.
to use the same critical reflection as adults do.
e.
to positively shape their impressions of what it means to be an adult.
ANSWER:
c
44. Which of the following happens when children are exposed to advertisements?
a.
Exposure to ads often prompts children to step up requests to parents about buying products.
b.
Youngsters, particularly those under seven years, are able to distinguish between an ad and a TV program.
c.
Ads teach children to become less materialistic.
d.
Children accurately understand that the purpose of an ad is to sell them something.
e.
Exposure to ads helps children in understanding the persuasive intent better than the informational intent.
ANSWER:
a
45. To address the problem of young children confusing program and ad content, both the Federal Trade Commission and
the Federal Communications Commission have recommended that:
a.
ads promote unrealistic expectations about what products can do.
b.
ads should be longer than programs.
c.
television stations use a separator between the program and the ad.
d.
television stations should not air ads within programs.
e.
ads and programs do not contain any serious informational intent.
ANSWER:
c
46. Which of the following is a consumption controversy?
a.
Shoplifting
b.
Voluntary simplicity
c.
Black markets
d.
Obesity
e.
Black markets
ANSWER:
d
47. Binge drinking is an example of _____.
a.
acquisition controversies
b.
consumption controversies
c.
disposition controversies
d.
privacy controversies
e.
advertising controversies
ANSWER:
b
48. Which of the following is a problematic consumption behavior?
a.
Consumer theft
b.
Recycling old products
c.
Throwing useful products
d.
Compulsive gambling
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e.
Targeting vulnerable segments
ANSWER:
d
49. Which of the following statements is true of compulsive gambling?
a.
In the first stage of compulsive gambling behavior, losses pile up and the gambler realizes that he or she has
hit rock bottom.
b.
It can be easily quit by the gambler.
c.
Scientists have established systematic links between compulsive gambling and consumption of alcohol,
tobacco, and illicit drugs.
d.
It is a problematic acquisition behavior.
e.
It affects not more than a few hundred Americans.
ANSWER:
c
50. Many clothing manufacturers use "vanity sizing," which means:
a.
using plus size models for their ads.
b.
making size information more salient.
c.
putting a smaller size on a larger sized item.
d.
calculating the profitability of manufacturing different sizes.
e.
putting up a chart that displays international sizes.
ANSWER:
c
51. In the context of consumption controversies, which of the following statements is true of overeating?
a.
Research shows that consumers with high self-control consistently feel less satisfied when eating unhealthy
foods than when eating healthy foods.
b.
Consumers tend to underestimate the calorie content of foods they consume.
c.
Consumers tend to perceive healthy foods as being tastier and more enjoyable than unhealthy foods.
d.
Overeating is a minor problem in the United States.
e.
When consumers are watching their weight, they tend to perceive food products that carry names associated
with less healthy eating as tastier and more healthful.
ANSWER:
b
52. Which of the following statements is true of pricing strategies that influence food purchases?
a.
A small decrease in price for unhealthy food will lead to a large increase in its demand.
b.
Larger-sized products offered at a value price will not appeal to consumers who want to save money.
c.
A small reduction in price for healthy food will lead to a large drop in its demand.
d.
Larger-sized products offered at a value price will appeal to consumers with health goals.
e.
Consumers exhibit more price sensitivity when prices rise on unhealthy foods.
ANSWER:
a
53. Identify a way to dispose of products that still function.
a.
Shoplifting them
b.
Throwing in the proper trash bin
c.
Auctioning them
d.
Littering
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e.
Greenwashing
ANSWER:
c
54. Which of the following is a way to dispose of products that still function?
a.
Littering
b.
Throwing in the proper trash bin
c.
Dismantling and selling
d.
Recycling them
e.
Greenwashing
ANSWER:
d
55. _____ refers to actions taken to limit the use of scarce natural resources.
a.
Addictive behavior
b.
Ethical sourcing
c.
Conservation behavior
d.
Greenwashing
e.
Compulsive behavior
ANSWER:
c
56. A promising approach for promoting conservation behavior is to:
a.
promote consumers' addictive behavior.
b.
idealize self-images in advertisements.
c.
protect consumer privacy.
d.
provide consumers with incentives.
e.
promote consumers' compulsive behavior.
ANSWER:
d
57. _____ is the misleading use of environmental claims for marketing purposes.
a.
Conservation behavior
b.
Greenwashing
c.
Black market
d.
Ethical sourcing
e.
Compulsive behavior
ANSWER:
b
58. Which of the following statements is true of greenwashing?
a.
Consumers are more than twice as likely to purchase products promoted through greenwashing.
b.
It is a production method where supplies are obtained and products are produced in accordance with
sustainability values.
c.
Public interest in and support for environmentally conscious behavior has resulted in a support for
greenwashing.
d.
When marketers promote nonexistent or minimally beneficial eco-friendly claims, they risk being perceived
negatively.
e.
It is a form of deviant acquisition behavior.
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ANSWER:
d
59. _____ means supplies are obtained and products are produced in accordance with social responsibility and
sustainability values.
a.
Conservation behavior
b.
Greenwashing
c.
Black market
d.
Ethical sourcing
e.
Compulsive behavior
ANSWER:
d
60. Magnira Corp., a food products manufacturer, practices sustainability and social responsibility in all its operations. It
obtains its raw materials only from suppliers that meet economic, environmental, and social standards. In this case,
Magnira Corp. is involved in _____.
a.
temporal dilemma
b.
ethical sourcing
c.
greenwashing
d.
compulsive behavior
e.
addictive behavior
ANSWER:
b
61. Which of the following statements is true of charitable behavior of consumers?
a.
Consumers are more likely to donate to a charity that has corporate sponsorship, because they believe their
individual donations will matter more.
b.
Social and online media reduce the impact of charitable behavior.
c.
Consumers with an interdependent self-construal are more open to making charitable donations than
consumers with independent self-construals.
d.
When consumers perceive the beneficiaries as belonging to a cohesive group with positive traits, they donate
less money.
e.
Charitable behavior has received negligible marketing attention.
ANSWER:
c
62. Consumers can resist marketing practices and try to bring about change individually through _____.
a.
patronization
b.
tariffs
c.
advocacy groups
d.
shoplifting
e.
ethical sourcing
ANSWER:
c
63. Spreading negative information by word of mouth, informing the public about socially inappropriate marketing
practices, and boycotts are all examples of:
a.
greenwashing.
b.
ethical sourcing.
c.
deviant acquisition behavior.
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d.
problematic consumption behavior.
e.
consumer resistance strategies.
ANSWER:
e
64. Fresnas Corp. is a leather goods manufacturer. Since its operations are not environmental friendly, a group of
concerned consumers avoids purchasing its products. Their initiative has motivated this practice among other consumers
as well. In this case, the group of consumers is involved in _____.
a.
greenwashing
b.
addiction
c.
boycotting
d.
compulsive buying
e.
ethical sourcing
ANSWER:
c
65. Which of the following statements is true of boycotting?
a.
It has less impact than the same number of consumers acting on their own.
b.
It involves obtaining supplies in accordance with social responsibility.
c.
It reduces consumers' self-esteem.
d.
It is a way for consumers to hold companies accountable for perceived objectionable actions.
e.
It is the misleading use of environmental claims for marketing purposes.
ANSWER:
d
66. A primary indicator that a boycott has been successful is that it has:
a.
changed the offending policies.
b.
caused financial effects.
c.
made businesses engage in greenwashing.
d.
not forced changes in the behavior of nontargeted businesses that engage in similar practices.
e.
not affected offending marketer's trade.
ANSWER:
a
67. In the context of making ethical decisions, discuss the focus that concerns self-interest and interest of others.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
68. Discuss the "dark side" outcomes that arise with dilemmas in marketing. Provide an example.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
69. Discuss the "bright side" outcomes that arise with dilemmas in marketing. Provide an example.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
70. Discuss the factors that increase consumers' temptation to steal.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
71. Leonard is a shoplifter. He usually steals low-ticket items from stores. How will he rationalize his behavior?
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
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72. Discuss the characteristics of goods offered on black markets.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
73. Explain how marketers encourage addictive and compulsive acquisition behaviors.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
74. How does advertising promote an idealized self-image?
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
75. Explain social comparison theory.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
76. Discuss compulsive gambling as a problematic consumption behavior.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
77. How do marketing practices invade a consumer's privacy?
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
78. Rhonda fills her personal details in the application for a credit card. She decides to purchase a TV when she receives
her card. While purchasing the TV, she fills in the product registration card. Could these actions lead to an invasion of her
privacy? If so, how?
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
79. Discuss the ways of disposing of products that do not function.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
80. Discuss the ways to promote conservation behavior.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
81. What is greenwashing?
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
82. Explain the influence of marketing on charitable behavior.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
83. Explain how consumers can resist marketing practices through advocacy groups.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
84. Discuss how consumers can boycott a company's activities or products.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
85. List the primary indicators of a successful boycott.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
