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1. Dual-career families tend to spend less than other families do on childcare, eating out, and services in general.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
2. A key aspect of households is that more than one individual cannot become involved in acquisition and consumption.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
3. Children tend to have more influence when parents are more involved in the decision process or are more traditional
and conservative.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
4. Authoritarian households exert the least amount of control on children.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
5. The concept of social class is inherently negative.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
6. A family is usually defined as a group of individuals living together who are related by marriage, blood, or adoption.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
7. Households are all the same in terms of stage in the family life cycle.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
8. Mary is a high-ranking executive at Symphic Inc. Mary bought a luxury bag from the brand Voulez Vous and got it to
work. After a couple of weeks, she notices that many of her female subordinates have also started carrying Voulez Vous
bags. This would be an example of the trickle-down effect.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
9. Higher education is particularly important for gaining entry into higher-status occupations.
a.
True
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b.
False
ANSWER:
True
10. Individuals from higher-status families are twice as likely to maintain their status as members of lower classes are to
achieve a higher status.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
11. Someone who owns an expensive watch or car will likely be viewed as upper class.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
12. Depictions of the material success of peers can spur the desire for luxurious status symbols as well.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
13. Working-class consumers depend heavily on family members for economic and social support in many areas,
including job opportunities.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
14. Compared with the members of other classes, upper class “old money” consumers are the least likely to save and
invest money.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
15. Social class motives and values can determine which offerings consumers desire.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
16. Lower-class consumers tend to watch TV less and are more likely than other classes to read magazines and
newspapers.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
17. Dollar stores, such as Dollar Tree, attract upper-class consumers with premium pricing of everyday goods.
a.
True
b.
False
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ANSWER:
False
18. The term _____ describes a family consisting of a father, mother, and children.
a.
extended family
b.
matrifocal family
c.
household family
d.
blended family
e.
nuclear family
ANSWER:
e
19. The term _____ describes the nuclear family plus relatives such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.
a.
extended family
b.
matrifocal family
c.
polygamous family
d.
blended family
e.
foster family
ANSWER:
a
20. A single person living alone or a group of individuals who live together in a common dwelling, regardless of whether
they are related can be referred to as a _____.
a.
kingdom
b.
household
c.
tribe
d.
clan
e.
subculture
ANSWER:
b
21. The family life cycle depends on:
a.
the generation in which the parents are born.
b.
whether the household income is in the growth or decline stages.
c.
the age of the parents and how many children are living at home.
d.
the number of highly educated members in the family.
e.
whether the birth and death rates of the country are equal.
ANSWER:
c
22. Household decision roles can be _____, meaning that they relate to tasks affecting the buying decision, such as when
and how much to purchase.
a.
stagnant
b.
insurmountable
c.
instrumental
d.
permanent
e.
impressive
ANSWER:
c
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23. A(n) _____ is equally likely to be made by the husband or the wife, but not by both.
a.
synergistic decision
b.
expressive decision
c.
autonomic decision
d.
cohabitual decision
e.
syncratic decision
ANSWER:
c
24. Harriet is married to Jonas, and ever since their marriage, Harriet has been responsible for purchasing groceries and
toiletries every week. Jonas is happy with the way Harriet handles this task and has never had any complaints. This
arrangement is an example of a(n):
a.
syncratic decision.
b.
wife-dominant decision.
c.
expressive decision.
d.
autonomic decision.
e.
husband-dominant decision.
ANSWER:
b
25. In the context of household decision roles, the roles that relate to tasks affecting the buying decision are called _____.
a.
expressive roles
b.
titled roles
c.
habitual roles
d.
expansive roles
e.
instrumental roles
ANSWER:
e
26. Mary and Dennis had disagreements on where to spend their Christmas vacation. This led to a quarrel. Finally, they
sat together, discussed, and picked a place both of them liked. In this case, Mary and Dennis have made a(n):
a.
wife-dominant decision.
b.
husband-dominant decision.
c.
autocratic decision.
d.
autonomic decision.
e.
syncratic decision.
ANSWER:
e
27. Children tend to have less influence in the decision process when:
a.
their parents are more involved in the decision process.
b.
their parents neglect them and do not listen to them.
c.
their parents give them excessive freedom.
d.
their parents are materialistic and consumption oriented.
e.
their parents covertly monitor their actions.
ANSWER:
a
28. Children’s influence on the family’s decision process is greatest during the:
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a.
problem recognition phase.
b.
evaluation of alternatives phase.
c.
external information search phase.
d.
buying and shopping phase.
e.
post-purchase evaluations phase.
ANSWER:
a
29. _____ is the grouping of members of society according to status, high to low.
a.
Social class hierarchy
b.
Clustering
c.
Cohabiting
d.
Division of labor
e.
Maslow’s hierarchy
ANSWER:
a
30. Members of a particular social class tend to:
a.
have different income levels.
b.
have the same attention level for all forms of marketing.
c.
share similar values and behavior patterns.
d.
remain in formal groups with strong identities.
e.
have different educational achievements.
ANSWER:
c
31. Even with the inequalities, social class distinctions can help individuals determine:
a.
how to make their lives more interesting.
b.
how to manage their household income.
c.
why they need to participate in market surveys.
d.
what their role in society is.
e.
the point of social class fragmentation.
ANSWER:
d
32. In most societies, the upper classes tend to be:
a.
lacking when it comes to meeting class expectations.
b.
more cosmopolitan and international in orientation than other classes.
c.
culture bound and the most different from other classes.
d.
interested in downward mobility to appear approachable to other classes.
e.
formally structured and have their incomes below the median.
ANSWER:
b
33. Families whose income level is 20 to 30 percent more than the median of their class are considered _____.
a.
overwhelmed
b.
underwhelmed
c.
overprivileged
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d.
exemplary
e.
uninfluential
ANSWER:
c
34. Bob and Jane are married and are partners at a prestigious law firm. Together, they earn a comfortable seven-figure
salary, which allows them to buy luxury products that most people cannot afford. In the context of social class
distinctions, it can be said that Bob and Jane belong to the _____ class.
a.
overwhelmed
b.
median
c.
overprivileged
d.
instrumental
e.
saturated
ANSWER:
c
35. Which of the following is true of class-average families?
a.
They have difficulty understanding their position in society.
b.
They are unable to move to a higher social class.
c.
They reject the idea of social climbing.
d.
They have trouble meeting class expectations.
e.
They can afford the symbols expected of their status.
ANSWER:
e
36. The _____ are those who have incomes below the median and have trouble meeting class expectations.
a.
underprivileged
b.
underwhelmed
c.
overwhelmed
d.
troubled
e.
inequitable
ANSWER:
a
37. Social class structures are important because they strongly affect:
a.
the gross domestic product of a country.
b.
the bargaining power of consumers.
c.
the geographic distribution of population.
d.
the information processing speed of consumers.
e.
the elimination of subculture.
ANSWER:
b
38. A _____ occurs when trends in clothing and music start in the lower and middle classes and then spread upward.
a.
status float
b.
class deviation
c.
class distinction
d.
frequency division
e.
class struggle
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ANSWER:
a
39. Johnny Daniels, a clothing brand, started out by providing cheap and durable clothes for everyday use and gained
popularity among the lower-income groups. After a while, higher-income groups began to purchase the brand’s clothes to
emulate the lower-income groups. This is referred to as a(n):
a.
class elevation.
b.
status extension.
c.
internal struggle.
d.
class division.
e.
status float.
ANSWER:
e
40. The _____ occurs when trends that start in the upper classes are copied by lower classes.
a.
boomerang effect
b.
law of demand
c.
trickle-down effect
d.
law of social influence
e.
law of marginal utility
ANSWER:
d
41. Social class is a better predictor of consumption when:
a.
product prices are high.
b.
product prices are low.
c.
it reflects lifestyles and values.
d.
a country has a low gross domestic product.
e.
the older workforce is the majority.
ANSWER:
b
42. Both social class and income are needed to explain behaviors that involve _____.
a.
values or beliefs
b.
political orientation
c.
family norms
d.
artist temperament
e.
status symbols
ANSWER:
e
43. The greatest determinant of class standing is _____, particularly in Western cultures.
a.
brand preference
b.
occupation
c.
marital status
d.
cohabitation
e.
moral values
ANSWER:
b
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44. Penny’s father is the managing partner of a well-known law firm, and her mother is a hospital administrator. Ever
since her childhood, she has never felt the need to find a job or worry about any of her bills as her parents took care of all
her expenses. In this case, Penny has lived a comfortable life due to:
a.
her religious views.
b.
her inherited status.
c.
her political orientation.
d.
her consumption pattern.
e.
her earned status.
ANSWER:
b
45. Earned status is:
a.
derived primarily from one’s nationality.
b.
acquired later in life from personal achievements.
c.
obtained from reference groups through social comparison.
d.
inherited from one’s family.
e.
derived primarily from one’s beliefs and values.
ANSWER:
e
46. Which of the following is true of inherited status?
a.
It assures a certain income and occupation during the life of an individual.
b.
It determines the level of education an individual will receive.
c.
It is the anchor point from which upward or downward mobility can begin.
d.
It is derived from personal achievements gained later on in life.
e.
It is determined by the city in which an individual resides.
ANSWER:
c
47. When consumers are consistent across indicators of social class income, education, and occupation, it is called:
a.
status float.
b.
status crystallization.
c.
inherited status.
d.
earned status.
e.
status homophily.
ANSWER:
b
48. Sam is from a working-class family, and his father did not have enough money to put him through school. However,
with the help of scholarships and part-time jobs, Sam was able to get into a good school and eventually secured a well-
paid job. In this case, Sam has experienced _____.
a.
status float
b.
status crystallization
c.
social facilitation
d.
class fragmentation
e.
upward mobility
ANSWER:
e
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49. In many cultures, consumers can raise their status level through _____, usually by educational or occupational
achievement.
a.
status float
b.
social liquidity
c.
upward mobility
d.
class liquidity
e.
status deviation
ANSWER:
c
50. _____, or moving to a lower class, is an increasing trend in some industrialized societies.
a.
Status float
b.
Status crystallization
c.
Reverse mobility
d.
Downward mobility
e.
Class fragmentation
ANSWER:
d
51. Ed could not afford a new SUV after losing his job, but he nevertheless purchased one. After the purchase, he felt
better about himself. This is an example of how, during times of downward mobility, acquisition and consumption can
help:
a.
protect self-worth.
b.
achieve higher social status.
c.
understand social fragmentation.
d.
increase social panic.
e.
decrease conspicuous waste.
ANSWER:
a
52. Sometimes, children may have difficulty reaching their parents’ status level, a situation known as _____.
a.
class liquidity
b.
status panic
c.
status float
d.
class elimination
e.
status crystallization
ANSWER:
b
53. In the context of British social classes, identify the social class that has the lowest household income of any of the
classes, has limited social and cultural activity, and is low in educational achievement.
a.
The precariat
b.
The elite
c.
The established middle class
d.
The new affluent workers
e.
The traditional working class
ANSWER:
a
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54. The disappearance of class distinctions is called _____.
a.
social class fragmentation
b.
status crystallization
c.
status float
d.
social class scaling
e.
social class manifestation
ANSWER:
a
55. The Red Boulevard neighborhood used to be restricted to families of old wealth and aristocracy. Of late, families of
low economic backgrounds are moving in and mingling with the current residents. Even the local country club has relaxed
its membership rules to admit members from a wider range of backgrounds. The given scenario is an example of:
a.
social breakdown.
b.
social class manifestation.
c.
status float.
d.
social class fragmentation.
e.
class float.
ANSWER:
d
56. Visibly buying products and services that one never uses is called _____.
a.
parody display
b.
conspicuous waste
c.
power acquisition
d.
utilitarian consumption
e.
involuntary consumption
ANSWER:
b
57. Joanna is a billionaire. She owns seven houses in seven states, has a garage full of new cars, and has been called
materialistic by many of the people who know her. In this case, Joanna is engaged in _____.
a.
parody display
b.
conspicuous waste
c.
power acquisition
d.
utilitarian consumption
e.
involuntary consumption
ANSWER:
b
58. _____ is limiting acquisition and consumption to live a less material life.
a.
Hedonic tendency
b.
Conspicuous waste
c.
Voluntary simplicity
d.
Virtual provisioning
e.
Misanthropic tendency
ANSWER:
c
59. _____ is the acquisition and display of goods and services to show off one’s status.
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a.
Misanthropic tendency
b.
Virtual provisioning
c.
Involuntary consumption
d.
Conspicuous consumption
e.
Utilitarian consumption
ANSWER:
d
60. Goods or services become _____ to indicate their owners’ place in the social hierarchy.
a.
parody symbols
b.
urban myths
c.
idiomatic symbols
d.
status symbols
e.
iconographs
ANSWER:
d
61. Consumers acquire items that reflect not only their current social class but also their:
a.
class aspirations.
b.
class consumption.
c.
altruism.
d.
selfishness.
e.
greed.
ANSWER:
a
62. A parody display is:
a.
the obvious fraudulent use of status symbols.
b.
a status symbol that moves in a reverse direction.
c.
the obvious fraudulent use of status symbols.
d.
an alternative symbol meant to amuse those in a social class.
e.
the consumption of a symbol that is conspicuous but private.
ANSWER:
b
63. A fraudulent symbol is:
a.
the illegal use of status symbols.
b.
a status symbol that moves in a reverse direction.
c.
a symbol that becomes so widely adopted that it loses its status.
d.
an alternative symbol meant to amuse those in a social class.
e.
the consumption of a symbol that is conspicuous but private.
ANSWER:
c
64. _____ is the consumer behavior of buying products or services to offset frustrations or difficulties in life.
a.
Conspicuous waste
b.
Parody display
c.
Fraudulent symbolism
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d.
Compensatory consumption
e.
Status float
ANSWER:
d
65. Which of the following is true of upper-class individuals?
a.
They are dependent on family members for economic and social support in many areas.
b.
They are white-collar workers, many of whom have attended college.
c.
They are consumers who lack shelter and live on the streets or in makeshift structures, cars, or vacant houses.
d.
They are a varied group of individuals who include the aristocracy and the “old money” of inherited wealth.
e.
They are likely to shop in discount stores and to have less product information when purchasing.
ANSWER:
d
66. Which of the following social classes in the United States consists primarily of white-collar workers, many of whom
have attended college?
a.
The middle class
b.
The oligarchy
c.
The aristocracy
d.
The lower class
e.
The fraternity
ANSWER:
a
67. A major feature that distinguishes middle-class consumers from consumers of other classes is that they:
a.
engage in conspicuous consumption.
b.
look to the upper class for guidance on certain behaviors.
c.
engage in compensatory consumption.
d.
save all their earnings.
e.
have a high level of attention for advertising.
ANSWER:
b
68. The working class is mainly represented by:
a.
tech-savvy employees.
b.
temporary employees.
c.
probationary workers
d.
blue-collar workers.
e.
white-collar workers.
ANSWER:
d
69. A particularly important survival activity for homeless consumers is _____.
a.
networking
b.
bartering
c.
exercising
d.
cocreating
e.
scavenging
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ANSWER:
e
70. Discuss the different types of households that exist in the United States today and their impact on consumer spending.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
71. Discuss the different household decisions roles, and give an example of each.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
72. Discuss the roles of spouses in household decisions and the factors that influence these decisions.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
73. How do children influence family decision-making?
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
74. Discuss the importance of social class to society.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
75. How do social classes differ in the United States, Japan, and Latin America? What might explain these differences?
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
76. Discuss the importance of the trickle-down effect to marketers.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
77. Compare the consumption habits of all social classes.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
78. Discuss the importance of income and social class as predictors of consumption habits.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
79. Discuss the different indicators of social class.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
80. Discuss the importance of social class fragmentation to marketers.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
81. Discuss the acquisition, consumption, and disposition behaviors of consumers based on social class.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
82. Explain the relation between social class and consumption.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
83. Discuss the characteristics of the upper class.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
84. Discuss the issues faced by homeless consumers.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.
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85. Discuss the importance of social classes in segmenting the market.
ANSWER:
Responses will vary.