chapter 6
22. Territoriality is related to proxemics, a nonverbal form of communication related to physical space and our use of it.
Territoriality represents the personal space that we don’t want others to invade. People with more power tend to enter the
space of people with less power.
23. Includes all elements of communication other than words themselves. Nonverbal communication is not limited to
gestures and movement, but also includes inflection, volume, physical appearance, and environmental factors, and
artifacts such as children’s toys.
24. Using nonverbal behaviors to signal that we like or dislike others. Nonverbal cues of liking include vocal warmth,
standing or sitting close to others, touching, and holding eye contact.
25. Artifacts are a form of nonverbal communication. They are personal objects that influence how we see ourselves and
how we express our identities. Artifacts that help us define and express ourselves as masculine or feminine include toys,
clothing, jewelry, make-up, etc.
26. Paralanguage is a form of nonverbal communication. The vocal cues that accompany verbal communications include
pitch, tone, and volume.
27. The degree to which people are equal to, dominant over, or deferential to others. Nonverbal communication is
frequently used to exert power, particularly through vocal quality, touch, and the use of space.
28. Responsiveness refers to the nonverbal behaviors through which we show attentiveness to others and interest in what
they say or do. We show our responsiveness through eye contact, posture, and facial expressions. In general, women are
more responsive than are men, which may reflect the speech communities into which they are socialized. Differences in
responsiveness also can be attributed to race/ethnicity.
29. Proxemics refers to space and how we use it. This includes the distance we keep between ourselves and others.
30. Haptics refers to the use of touch. Girls tend to be touched more than boys. Those in power tend to have more control
over the use of touch than those who do not have as much power.