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Chapter 8 Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Mass media developed in the 1970s with the expectation of positive social effects. As a
result, crime reduction messages were created with all of the following messages
EXCEPT _________.
a. Law enforcement financing ads
b. Victimization reduction ads
c. Citizen cooperation ads
d. Offender reduction (deterrence) ads
2. Antidrug media campaigns have a historical tie to which one of the following?
a. Cocaine madness
b. LSD madness
c. Reefer madness
d. Methamphetamine madness
3. A local police agency publicizes the implementation of an aggressive, special anti-DUI
enforcement effort, but they do not actually have an anti-DUI unit. The publicity about
the phantom unit alone yields a deterrence effect for a short period of time. Which term
does this BEST exemplify?
a. Diffusion of benefits
b. Announcement effect
c. Displacement effect
d. Public service announcement
4. The McGruff “Crime Dog” campaigns are an example of which of the following?
a. Canine adoption ads
b. Law enforcement participation ads
c. Offender reduction ads
d. Victim reduction ads
5. “Crime Stoppers” is the reenactment of crimes to obtain information through anonymous
phone calls and reward money, and is an example of which of the following?
a. Offender reduction ads
b. Victim reduction ads
c. Law enforcement financing ads
d. Citizen cooperation ads
6. Using media technology in the courts has several advantages, which include all EXCEPT
which one of the following?
a. Saves time and money
b. Digital manipulation tools can be used to crop, retouch, and edit images
c. Judges and attorneys can now be in a courtroom, defendant in a jail, and witnesses
in another state, all simultaneously participating in a live hearing
d. The knowledge that a permanent record is being created makes law enforcement
and judicial personnel more conscientious in following due process rules
7. Which of the following is a concern over the usage of media technology and alteration of
the reality of the judicial system?
a. The effect on working relationships among courtroom personnel
b. The impact on the legitimacy of the judicial system
c. The depersonalization of the criminal justice system
d. All of the above
8. Media technology in the courtrooms will result in a criminal justice system that will
become a more __________________.
a. Closed system
b. Natural system
c. Open system
d. Rational system
9. The development and widespread acceptance of videotaped evidence and testimony by
police personnel began in the _______.
a. 1960s
b. 1970s
c. 1980s
d. 1990s
10. Which of the following groups is most likely to support the usage of videotaped
interrogations because it ensures that police more strictly follow legal procedures?
a. Police
b. Prosecutors
c. Defense attorneys
d. None of the above
11. Which of the following best defines “surveillance effect”?
a. The increased usage of surveillance cameras since 2001
b. The increase in arrests resulting from surveillance
c. The psychological effect of feeling safer because you might be under observation
d. The psychological effect of fearing that you might be under observation
12. No Western democracy has embraced police surveillance systems more than ______.
a. The United Kingdom
b. The United States of America
c. France
d. Italy
13. Closed circuit television (CCTV) was initially used sparingly as a means of
apprehending and deterring _______________.
a. terrorists
b. domestic violence abusers
c. shoplifters
d. corrupt police officers
14. The specter of surveillance abuse was noted by Earl Warren and William Brandies in the
1900s. They were referring to which of the following?
a. Photograph surveillance
b. Telephone wiretaps
c. both a and b
d. neither a nor b
15. Increased surveillance may result in which of the following concerns?
a. The displacement of crime
b. Net-widening from police
c. Profiling, polarization, and radicalization
d. All of the above
True/False
1. Early anti-drug campaign ads were equally effective at influencing public opinion and
changing offender behavior.
2. The media appear best able to deter offenders involved in victimless crimes by increasing
their fear of punishment, rather than increasing their fear of health and social
consequences.
3. Advertisements such as Crime Stoppers portray criminality similar to that of the general
entertainment media – that of a dangerous, crime-ridden world where violent attacks are
common.
4. Advertisements such as Crime Stoppers have been supported by court rulings, but they
are not viewed as being cost effective due to high operational costs.
5. The impact of media technology on the legitimacy of the judicial system is related to
concerns of the loss of the symbolic qualities of the criminal justice system and
personnel.
6. There is greater concern with the use of media technology in the use of court case
processing, rather than with law enforcement.
7. Only camera surveillance systems which are clearly marked take advantage of the
surveillance effect.
8. Surveillance systems are more effective in reducing planned crimes, rather than
emotional crimes.
9. There is no question as to whether the reduction in crime and protection against terrorist
attacks, through the use of surveillance programs, are enough to warrant the loss of
privacy.
10. Although videotaped vehicle stops and interrogations have been found to be efficient and
cost-effective, there are concerns over potential social costs, such as increases in citizens’
suspicions of surveillance.
