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Chapter 17: Persuasive Speaking
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1. When selecting your persuasive topic, you should choose a topic that you are not attached to in some way.
False. Choose a topic that you believe in strongly or stirs strong emotions in you.
2. All cultures follow the same pattern of ethos, pathos, and logos used for persuasion in the United States.
False. In China, persuasion follows a more collectivist model that focuses on family and
social relationships.
3. “Eating foods rich in antioxidants will slow the aging process in your body” is an example of a claim of fact.
4. “Our university should offer a study abroad program” is a policy claim.
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5. When you argue for the status quo, you are appealing for change.
False. You argue for “what is.”
6. To avoid diluting your argument, it is best to make a single claim in a speech.
False. A speech will probably have multiple claims, and effective speakers use a
combination of fact, value, and policy claims.
7. In the Toulmin model of reasoning, it is best to avoid limiting terms such as in most cases and, instead, rely on more decisive words
such as always or never.
False. In the Toulmin system, qualifiers such as in most cases should replace terms such
as always and never.
8. Assumptions, justifications or logical links that allow your audience to connect your evidence with your claim are called assertions.
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False. They are called warrants.
9. Since not all listeners will agree with you, you should have rebuttals prepared ahead of time.
10. It is most vital to establish common ground with audiences that are neutral toward your claim.
False. It is vital to emphasize common ground with hostile audiences.
11. When you face listeners who are neutral toward your claim, ask why.
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12. When audiences are apathetic, use emotional appeals to make them care about your topic.
13. The criteria-satisfaction pattern is ineffective for arguing a value claim.
False. It’s very good for value claims.
14. Of the four stock issues related to policy claims, cure is the part of the plan in which you weight the advantages and
disadvantages.
False. Cost is the part in which you weigh the advantages and disadvantages
15. If you want your audience to stop eating meat, your persuasive goal is to actuate.
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16. Cognitive dissonance is a motivational factor that often prompts people to change in order to avoid inconsistency.
17. Overall, perceived behavioral control is the number one factor that influences our decision to act.
False. Attitudes have more weight.
18. The Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) assumes that we are rational and make decisions based on ethical principles, not what our
friends and family would think of our actions.
False. It assumes we make decisions in part based on a social component—what our
friends and family would think.
19. According to the Theory of Reasoned Action, as we reason, we take into account our ability to do a behavior.
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20. Monroe’s Motivated Sequence is a modification of the comparative advantages pattern.
False. It’s a modified problem-solution pattern.
21. It is important to provide both emotional and logical reasons for behaviors when you are trying to persuade someone to take
action.
22. The organizational pattern of Monroe’s Motivated Sequence is an especially good choice for a sales speech.
23. Which is NOT a question to ask yourself when you choose a persuasive topic?
What ideas or issues would I argue for or against?
What ideas or issues do I feel neutral toward?
What changes would I like to see in society?
What can make life more meaningful for myself and others?
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What practices enrich my life?
24. “Driving an SUV is wrong” is ________
25. “A high protein diet is better for you than a high carbohydrate diet” is a _________ claim.
26. “The U.S. government should stay out of Mexican politics” is _________
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27. “Tuition costs should stay the same” is ________
an opinion that most students hold.
a policy claim for the status quo.
a policy claim against the status quo.
28. Persuasive speeches can be made about ________
claims of fact but not value claims.
claims of value or policy, but not both in the same speech.
claims arguing for but not against status quo policies.
factual, value, and policy claims.
factual and policy claims only.
29. Which part of the Toulmin model consists of the materials used to support your claims, such as facts and statistics?
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30. If you use a warrant that isn’t broadly understood, you should ________
use culturally appropriate topics.
find an audience that will agree with your claims.
use words like always and never.
collect more backing for support.
work on your rebuttal rather than developing strong backing.
31. What should you do while facing an audience that rejects your proposals?
Start with a strong appeal to negative emotions.
Rely on objective data to make a clear case.
Approach the subject indirectly by establishing common ground.
Focus on providing information to help them revise their opinion.
Be assertive in challenging their preconceived ideas of the issue.
32. In which stock issue related to policy claims does the speaker describe the cause of the problem being addressed?
33. According to the _____________, if our behaviors fail to match our beliefs, we typically experience discomfort until we either
alter our beliefs to match our behaviors or alter our behaviors to match our beliefs.
Aristotle’s persuasive theory.
the Theory of Reasoned action.
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classical Roman rhetorical theory.
cognitive dissonance theory.
Athabaskan theory of behavior.
34. In the Theory of Reasoned Action, which of the following is true?
Attitudes include a mental and an emotional component.
Subjective norms are perceptions of what significant people think we should do.
Perceived behavioral control is our opinion about whether or not we can do something.
All of these are correct.
35. In which part of Monroe’s motivates sequence does the speaker ask the audience to imagine the future both if they enact the
speaker’s proposal and if they fail to do so?
36. List the four stock issues related to policy claims and describe how each is incorporated into a speech.
Answers should cover harm, blame, cure, and cost.
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37. List the five steps in Monroe‘s Motivated Sequence and describe how each step can be addressed in a persuasive speech.
Answers should cover the attention step, need step, satisfaction step, visualization step, and action
step.
38. Describe the elements of the Toulmin Model of Reasoning, and explain how each element functions within
a persuasive speech. Use examples from a controversial topic of your choosing to illustrate each aspect of the
model.
39. Give advice on how a speaker should modify his or her approach based on audience attitudes toward your
claim.
40. Compare and contrast the recommended strategies for convincing about facts, convincing about values,
and convincing about policy.
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41. Explain the Theory of Reasoned Action by giving an example to show how it works in actual situations.