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Chapter 10: Intercultural Communication in Contexts: Applications in Business, Education, and Healthcare
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Page 1
1. The shared understanding of the meaning of communication and the behaviors appropriate for specific
situations reflect what basic assumption?
a.
communication is culturally determined
b.
communication is rule governed
c.
communication has a consequence
d.
communication is unavoidable
e.
communication is dynamic
ANSWER:
b
2. Assertiveness is considered an asset in all of the following cultures except:
a.
The Philippines
b.
Israel
c.
Germany
d.
U.S.
e.
none of these
ANSWER:
a
3. Power distance relationships can be:
a.
anarchical or hierarchical
b.
egalitarian or totalitarian
c.
egalitarian or hierarchical
d.
anarchical or egalitarian
ANSWER:
c
4. International business has been significantly impacted by ____ ?
a.
the increasing importance of national borders
b.
increased economic interdependence
c.
increased role of economic dominance
d.
decreasing number of companies with workers abroad
ANSWER:
b
5. Domestically, all of the following statements about businesses in the U.S. are false except ____.
a.
increases in minority co-cultures have impacted both workplace and marketplace
b.
minority owned businesses grew by about 45% between 2002-2007
c.
more than 2.3 million businesses in the U.S. owned by Hispanics
d.
most business transactions involve a culturally homogeneous population
ANSWER:
d
6. In the business sector, culture determines:
a.
protocol
b.
management and leadership
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c.
decision-making
d.
negotiation and conflict management
e.
all of these
ANSWER:
e
7. All of the following are basic protocols people dealing with international business should follow except
____.
a.
remember hosts’ names and how they are pronounced
b.
be aware of local uses of time and punctuality
c.
practice behaviors that demonstrate your rank and authority
d.
create an appropriate impression by wearing suitable attire
e.
enjoy social events while observing local customs related to food and drink
ANSWER:
c
8. Identify the false statement.
a.
extended handshakes are rare during first meetings in Brazil
b.
Chinese usually greet the most senior person first and use formal titles
c.
the traditional greeting in India is the namaste
d.
Western women should not offer to shake hands with Indian men
e.
Brazil, China, and India represent major forces in the global economy
ANSWER:
a
9. Chinese business culture is associated with all of the following except:
a.
a collectivist, high-context culture that diffuses decision-making responsibilities
b.
Chinese make decisions based on relationships
c.
rarely defer personal interests to those of the group
d.
discourage independent expression
e.
power relationships are the ultimate determinant of Chinese social interaction
ANSWER:
c
10. According to the text, Indian executives all of the following as ‘key responsibilities’ except ____?
a.
chief input for business strategy
b.
manager of relationships
c.
keeper of organizational culture
d.
guide, teacher, or role model for employees
e.
a representative of owners and investors
ANSWER:
b
11. When negotiating with Brazilians, representatives of American businesses should:
a.
emphasis the universal rather than the specific
b.
emphasize task over relationship
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c.
emphasize group over individual
d.
none of these
ANSWER:
d
12. The general intercultural negotiation skills recommended include all of the following except ____.
a.
avoid and resist ambiguity
b.
be prepared
c.
develop sensitivity to the use of time
d.
listen carefully
e.
locate areas of agreement
ANSWER:
a
13. In the U.S., multicultural education includes all of the following concepts except ____.
a.
teaching and learning
b.
based on democratic principles
c.
affirms cultural homogeneity
d.
interdependent society
ANSWER:
c
14. The mental processes people employ to think about and become aware of their universe are referred to as:
a.
ways of knowing
b.
epistemology
c.
deep structures
d.
universal cognitions
e.
axiology
ANSWER:
a
15. Holistic ways of seeing include all of the following except:
a.
physical seeing with eyes
b.
seeing the past
c.
seeing with the mind
d.
seeing the unseen or spirits
e.
seeing through a medium or traditional healer
ANSWER:
b
16. Linguistic issues in multicultural education discussed in the text include all of the following except ____.
a.
the extent of cultural and linguistic diversity in American schools
b.
the relationship between culturally and linguistically diverse students and self-esteem
c.
discrepancies in educational preparedness
d.
English as a second language
e.
none of these
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ANSWER:
b
17. Culturally and linguistically diverse students face difficulties including ____.
a.
cognitive aspects of learning with linguistic difficulties of learning in English;
b.
insufficient academic preparation
c.
at higher grade levels, English proficiency is ever more essential
d.
different countries emphasize different content and curricular sequences
e.
all of these
ANSWER:
e
18. An individual’s belief in her or his ability to organize and execute courses of action required to successfully
accomplish a specific task in a particular context is known as:
a.
self-efficacy
b.
self-esteem
c.
self-confidence
d.
self-effacing
e.
self-control
ANSWER:
a
19. Immediate teachers are perceived as having all of the following characteristics except ____.
a.
approachable
b.
friendly
c.
cold
d.
responsive
e.
relaxed
ANSWER:
c
20. Which of the following would not help teachers communicate empathically?
a.
attend to student’s nonverbal and verbal behaviors
b.
emphasize a competitive climate
c.
accurately reflect and clarify feelings
d.
be genuine and congruent
e.
none of these
ANSWER:
b
21. Ineffective communication strategies in multicultural classrooms include:
a.
provide lots of opportunities to discuss global issues relevant to students
b.
be sensitive to cultural customs that may differ from the mainstream
c.
remind students that the classroom is a safe place for learning
d.
encourage conversations that perpetuate us and them discussions
e.
none of these
ANSWER:
d
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22. The ability to understand and work effectively with patients whose beliefs, values, and histories differ from
one’s own:
a.
is essential for contemporary health care providers
b.
is less relevant to scientific/biomedical tradition
c.
is inextricable from the supernatural/ mágico/religious tradition
d.
reflects the holistic tradition
ANSWER:
a
23. Followers of this tradition believe that sorcery, magic, and evil spirits can negatively affect them in their
daily lives.
a.
holistic
b.
scientific/biomedical
c.
namaste
d.
supernatural/ mágico/religious tradition
e.
superstitionism
ANSWER:
d
24. The scientific/biomedical approach to health:
a.
focuses on subjective diagnosis
b.
is an evidence-based approach
c.
assumes poor health is an immaterial problem
d.
physical phenomenon can be treated using non-material things
ANSWER:
b
25. The dominant form of health care treatment in the U.S. is:
a.
scientific/biomedical
b.
holistic
c.
supernatural/ mágico/religious tradition
d.
none of these
ANSWER:
a
26. Which of the following guidelines regarding medical interpreters were recommended by the authors?
a.
use interpreters trained in the health care field
b.
use cross-gendered interpreters whenever possible
c.
a health professional should be with the patient and interpreter at all times
d.
remember that patients usually understand less than they express
ANSWER:
a
27. All of the following reflect cross-cultural questions recommended for medical interviews except ____.
a.
what do you call the illness?
b.
what do you think caused the illness?
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c.
can you cause the illness in others?
d.
what kind of treatment do you think is necessary?
e.
what do you fear most about the illness?
ANSWER:
c
28. Social interaction is neither arbitrary nor disorderly, but is patterned by interaction rituals that specify
normative ways of speaking and behaving in specific social contexts.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
29. In North America, people tend to treat others with informality and directness.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
30. The student-teacher relationship is very formal in Japan.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
31. Mexican’s rarely use honorific titles.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
32. Cultures such as Germany and Israel view assertiveness as a deficit.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
33. Hierarchical societies place a significant emphasis on status and rank.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
34. Hierarchical societies place a significant emphasis on status and rank.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
35. The nature of business cultures across the world make confusion, misunderstandings, and failures less likely.
a.
True
b.
False
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ANSWER:
False
36. An unsolicited call or letter is usually quite effective when making initial contacts with the Chinese.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
37. Although English may be the international language of business, learning key phrases can be helpful.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
38. In India, the use of first names in addressing someone should be avoided.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
39. Brazilians are generally more low-context than eastern and middle-eastern cultures, but higher context than
the U.S. and northern European nations.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
40. Chinese tend to think in terms of role fulfillment where employees are given a job role or title to fulfill,
though they are not necessarily expected to perform the job.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
41. Power relationships have little impact on Chinese social interactions, especially in the business context.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
42. The Indian economy is sometimes compared to an elephant because it is not capable of running swiftly as
some smaller “tiger-like” Asian economies but enjoys the advantage of being stable and less affected by upsets
and disturbances.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
43. Negotiating with Brazilians should emphasize details and particulars rather than universal ideas.
a.
True
b.
False
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ANSWER:
True
44. For the Chinese, a contract is a rigid agreement to which parties are expected to adhere precisely to the
various provisions.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
45. Indians conduct business at an extremely fast pace so anyone engaging in negotiations must be prepared to
make decisions quickly.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
46. A nation writes its history in the image of its ideal.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
47. The subtle ethnocentrism which reinforces a culture’s values, beliefs, and prejudices is a uniquely American
phenomenon.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
48. Even in today’s society, some classrooms seem to be focusing on the differences and difficulties involved in
multicultural education rather than embracing these differences.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
49. Cognitive abilities are rooted in the patterns of a society.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
50. Many traditional native Hawaiians believe that thinking comes from the intestines, the “gut” that links the
heart and the mind.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
51. Low context, highly industrialized, and individualistic societies such as the U.S. are predominantly field
dependent.
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a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
52. The trial and error approach to learning is commonly preferred in all cultures.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
53. A person’s native language had deep significance because it is the seed of identity that blossoms as children
grow.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
54. Self-efficacy stems from lifelong experiences resulting in beliefs and perceptions affecting how people see
themselves individually and collectively.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
55. Empathy is the inability to experience or express emotion.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
56. Although there is a tendency to respond more to the content of what others say rather than the feelings they
are expressing, the multicultural teacher needs to attend to both.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
57. Self-questioning is a good strategy for interacting in a multicultural classroom. It involves teachers asking
themselves questions about how students will respond to the assignment.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
58. Immigrants who may have limited language skills and may come from cultures with very different health care
practices may be especially confused by the practices within the U.S. health care system.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
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59. Culture has little to do with the meanings we attach to illness and health.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
60. The supernatural/mágico/religious tradition seeks to treat illness by achieving a positive association between
the patient and the relevant spirits, deities, and so forth.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
61. Holistic health is based on the principle that a whole is made up of interdependent parts: physical, mental,
emotional, and spiritual.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
62. A holistic worldview results in a uniform approach to understanding the causes of illness.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
63. Acupuncture is an example of complementary alternative medicine, a combination of the
scientific/biomedical and supernatural/mágico/religious tradition.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
64. According to the scientific/biomedical tradition, life is controlled by a series of physical and biochemical
processes that can be studied and manipulated by humans.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
65. When using medical interpreters, it is preferable to select one who is the same gender as the patient.
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
True
66. The Chinese put a great deal of emphasis on patient autonomy and a patient’s “right to know.”
a.
True
b.
False
ANSWER:
False
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67. List and describe the underlying assumptions of context in communication.
ANSWER:
68. Differentiate between cultural orientations toward formality and informality.
ANSWER:
69. Compare and contrast hierarchical and egalitarian cultures. How do the perspectives affect intercultural
communication?
ANSWER:
70. Explain the relationship between intercultural communication and international business.
ANSWER:
71. Discuss the impact of intercultural contact has had on domestic businesses in the U.S.
ANSWER:
72. Compare the business protocols of initial contacts and greeting behaviors between at least two cultures.
ANSWER:
73. Identify two different examples of how the business culture of Brazil differs from that of the U.S.
ANSWER:
74. Identify two different examples of how the business culture of China differs from that of the U.S.
ANSWER:
75. Identify two different examples of how the business culture of India differs from that of the U.S.
ANSWER:
76. List and describe the characteristics of the Brazilian negotiating style.
ANSWER:
77. Explain some of the nuances of negotiating with the Chinese. Include concepts such as status,
communication style, schedules, and the mutual use of empathy.
ANSWER:
78. List and describe at least four guidelines for individuals who are preparing to negotiate with Indians.
ANSWER:
79. Identify at least three of the five intercultural negotiation skills generally recommended regardless of culture.
ANSWER:
80. Explain the relationship between culture and education. Provide an example from at least two different
cultures.
ANSWER:
81. Define multicultural education. What are the challenges associated with it?
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ANSWER:
82. Discuss the relationship between culture and learning. Be sure to include ways of knowing.
ANSWER:
83. Compare and contrast the learning preferences of field independence/dependence, cooperation/competition, trial and
error/watch, then do, and tolerance/intolerance for ambiguity.
ANSWER:
84. Describe the difficulties faced by culturally and linguistically diverse students in the U.S. education system.
ANSWER:
85. What is self-efficacy and how does it relate to culturally responsive classroom communication?
ANSWER:
86. Explain the concept of immediacy. What role should it play in the classroom?
ANSWER:
87. Define empathy and identify explain how to become more empathic using Cooper and Simond’s guidelines.
ANSWER:
88. Describe at least three strategies for effectively communicating in a culturally diverse educational setting.
ANSWER:
89. Explain the supernatural/magico/religious tradition of health beliefs. Be sure to include the underlying
premises, causes for illness, and treatment.
ANSWER:
90. Describe the holistic tradition of health beliefs. Include the underlying premises, the causes of illness, and
the approach to treatment.
ANSWER:
91. Discuss the scientific/biomedical tradition of health beliefs. Be certain to include the underlying premises,
the causes of illness, and the methods of treatment.
ANSWER:
92. Compare and contrast the three major categories of health belief systems. Which system makes the most
sense and why?
ANSWER:
93. Explain the reasons for using a medical interpreter. How should one be selected?
ANSWER:
94. Why is it important for health care providers to not only know their own cultures but to learn about diverse
health care beliefs? Include examples.
ANSWER:
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Chapter 10: Intercultural Communication in Contexts: Applications in Business, Education, and Healthcare
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95. Explain the purpose of conducting a health interview. List some of the questions that should be asked of
patients from diverse cultural backgrounds.
ANSWER:
96. Discuss the notion of death and dying. How do health belief systems affect the approach health care
providers should take to discussing these issues with patients and their families.
ANSWER:
