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1. The ear is
a.
a structure designed for noncommunicative function.
b.
an energy transducer.
c.
both a & b.
d.
none of the above.
ANSWER:
b
2. Another name for the pinna is
a.
auricle.
b.
oracle.
c.
audiology.
d.
none of the above.
ANSWER:
a
3. The primary function of the pinna is
a.
collection of sound.
b.
sound localization.
c.
amplification of sound.
d.
a & b
e.
all of the above.
ANSWER:
d
4. The concha is the
a.
shell-like structure within the middle ear.
b.
outer margin, also known as the “skiff.”
c.
bulge on the pinna just opposite Darwin’s tubercle.
d.
entrance to the ear canal.
ANSWER:
d
5. The tragus
a.
is another name for the ear canal.
b.
is the ligament surrounding the footplate of the stapes.
c.
is a flap of tissue at the entrance to the ear canal.
d.
none of the above.
ANSWER:
c
6. The lobule is
a.
the noncartilaginous region in the inferior aspect of the pinna.
b.
the cartilage frame of the pinna.
c.
inferior to the cone of light on the tympanic membrane.
d.
none of the above.
ANSWER:
a
7. The external auditory meatus is
a.
approximately 7 mm in diameter.
b.
approximately 1.5 cm long from the base of the concha to the tympanic membrane.
c.
the ear canal.
d.
a & b
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e.
a, b, & c
ANSWER:
e
8. The external auditory meatus
a.
serves the same function as the internal auditory meatus.
b.
has bone deep to two-thirds of its epithelial tissue.
c.
has cartilage deep to one-third of its epithelial tissue.
d.
b & c
e.
a, b, & c
ANSWER:
d
9. The external auditory meatus
a.
is roughly S-shaped.
b.
takes a turn inferiorly at the junction of the cartilaginous and bony framework.
c.
is slightly constricted at the margin of the bony and cartilaginous framework.
d.
a & b
e.
a, b, & c
ANSWER:
e
10. The isthmus is
a.
lateral to the tragus on the pinna.
b.
a constriction in the external auditory meatus.
c.
about 5 mm from the tympanic membrane.
d.
a & b
e.
b & c
ANSWER:
e
11. A speculum is
a.
a small patch of dirt or cerumen within the ear canal.
b.
another name for eyeglasses.
c.
a device used to look into cavities.
d.
none of the above.
ANSWER:
c
12. Another name for earwax is
a.
cementum.
b.
centrum.
c.
cenemon.
d.
cerumen.
ANSWER:
d
13. Which of the following marks the boundary between the outer and middle ears?
a.
Tympanic membrane
b.
Ear drum
c.
Isthmus
d.
Footplate of stapes (and oval window)
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e.
a & b
ANSWER:
e
14. The epithelial lining of the external auditory meatus
a.
continues as both the superficial and deep layers of the tympanic membrane.
b.
relies upon secreting epithelial cells of the middle ear for lubrication.
c.
continues as the superficial layer of the tympanic membrane.
d.
none of the above.
ANSWER:
c
15. The tympanic membrane is
a.
richly invested with osseous components.
b.
about 55 mm2 in area.
c.
deep to the ossicular chain.
d.
none of the above.
ANSWER:
b
16. The umbo
a.
marks the most distal point of attachment of the manubrium malli.
b.
is the term for the deep sounds processed specifically by the tympanic membrane.
c.
marks the most medial point of attachment of the manubrium malli.
d.
none of the above.
ANSWER:
a
17. Manubrium means
a.
hammer.
b.
handle.
c.
hand.
d.
hard.
ANSWER:
b
18. The tympanic membrane is
a.
slightly concave as viewed from the ear canal.
b.
slightly convex as viewed from the ear canal.
c.
relatively immobile.
d.
none of the above.
ANSWER:
a
19. The pars flaccida is
a.
the most flaccid portion of the external auditory meatus.
b.
a portion of the eardrum with the least fibrous tissue.
c.
another name for the umbo.
d.
none of the above.
ANSWER:
b
20. The pars flaccida is
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a.
in the superior quadrant of the tympanic membrane.
b.
between the posterior and anterior malleolar folds.
c.
the most flaccid portion of the tympanic membrane.
d.
a & b
e.
a, b, & c
ANSWER:
e
21. The chorda tympani
a.
is a blood vessel that first surfaces in the external auditory meatus and passes into the middle ear space at the
inferior margin of the tympanic membrane.
b.
is a branch of the VII facial nerve.
c.
can sometimes be seen through the superior tympanic membrane during otoscopy.
d.
a & b
e.
b & c
ANSWER:
e
22. The ossicles of the middle ear are
a.
the densest bones of the body.
b.
actually made of cartilage that has been infused with potassium ions.
c.
embryologically related to the atlas and axis of the vertebral column.
d.
a & b
e.
none of the above.
ANSWER:
e
23. The ossicles
a.
act as an impedance-matching device
b.
provide the means of communicating sound from the outer ear to the inner ear.
c.
are the smallest bones of the body.
d.
a & b
e.
a, b, & c
ANSWER:
e
24. The malleus
a.
is also called the manubrium.
b.
attaches to the round window by means of tiny ligaments.
c.
is lateral to the incus.
d.
none of the above.
ANSWER:
c
25. The head of the malleus
a.
is the point of articulation with the incus.
b.
projects into the epitympanic recess.
c.
a & b
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d.
none of the above.
ANSWER:
c
26. ____________________ refers to the processes associated with hearing.
ANSWER:
Audition
27. Because the ear converts acoustical energy to electrochemical energy, it is termed a ____________________.
ANSWER:
transducer
28. The ____________________ serves as a collector of sound.
ANSWER:
pinna
29. The ____________________ of the outer ear aids in localization.
ANSWER:
pinna
30. The auricle is also known as the ____________________.
ANSWER:
pinna
31. The ____________________ is between the helix and antihelixes.
ANSWER:
scaphoid fossa
32. The ____________________ layer of the tympanic membrane is continuous with the epithelium of the external
auditory meatus.
ANSWER:
cuticular
33. The ____________________ of the tympanic membrane marks the most distal point of attachment of the tympanic
membrane to the malleus.
ANSWER:
umbo
34. The tympanic membrane is slightly (concave/convex) ____________________ when viewed from the external
auditory meatus.
ANSWER:
concave
35. The (specific bone) ____________________ articulates directly with the tympanic membrane.
ANSWER:
malleus
36. The ____________________ is the largest of the ossicles.
ANSWER:
malleus
37. The ____________________ of the malleus extends into the epitympanic recess of the middle ear.
ANSWER:
head
38. The ____________________ of the incus articulates with the head of the malleus.
ANSWER:
body
39. The stapes articulates with the ____________________ process of the incus.
ANSWER:
lenticular
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40. The ____________________ of the stapes resides within the oval window of the inner ear.
ANSWER:
footplate
41. The footplate of the stapes is held in the oval window by the ____________________ ligament.
ANSWER:
annular
42. The ____________________ muscle is embedded within the bone of the posterior wall of the middle ear.
ANSWER:
stapedius
43. The ____________________ muscle acts to restrain movement of the footplate of the stapes.
ANSWER:
stapedius
44. The ____________________ muscle acts to restrain movement of the tympanic membrane.
ANSWER:
tensor tympani
45. The stapedius muscle is innervated by the (name and number) ____________________ cranial nerve.
ANSWER:
VII facial
46. The ____________________ muscle arises from the anterior wall of the middle ear.
ANSWER:
tensor tympani
47. The tensor tympani muscle is innervated by the (name and number) ____________________ cranial nerve.
ANSWER:
V trigeminal
48. The ____________________ is a landmark of the middle ear that is created by the basal turn of the cochlea.
ANSWER:
promontory
49. The ____________________ window separates the middle ear space and the scala tympani.
ANSWER:
round
50. The ____________________ window separates the middle ear space and scala vestibuli.
ANSWER:
oval
51. The Eustachian tube courses from the middle ear space to open into the ____________________.
ANSWER:
nasopharynx
52. The oval window opens into the inner ear chamber known as the ____________________.
ANSWER:
vestibule
53. The osseous cochlea is divided into two incomplete chambers by the ____________________.
ANSWER:
osseous spiral lamina
54. The ____________________ semicircular canal senses movement roughly within the transverse plane of the body.
ANSWER:
lateral
horizontal
55. The ____________________ semicircular canal senses head movement roughly within the frontal plane.
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ANSWER:
posterior
56. The cochlea completes approximately ____________________ turns from base to apex.
ANSWER:
2-3/4
57. The ____________________ is the core of the osseous labyrinth.
ANSWER:
modiolus
58. The VIII vestibulocochlear nerve passes within the _________________________ before entering the cranial cavity.
ANSWER:
internal auditory meatus
59. The scala ____________________ communicates with the vestibule.
ANSWER:
vestibuli
60. The scala ____________________ houses the sensory organ for hearing.
ANSWER:
media
61. The scala ____________________ and scala media are separated by Reissner's membrane.
ANSWER:
vestibuli
62. The scala ____________________ and scala tympani are separated by the basilar membrane.
ANSWER:
media
63. The region through which the scala tympani and scala vestibuli communicate in life is known as the
____________________.
ANSWER:
helicotrema
64. The fluid found within the scala media is called ____________________.
ANSWER:
endolymph
65. The fluid found within the scala tympani is termed ____________________.
ANSWER:
perilymph
66. The ____________________ are the sensory organ for the vestibular system.
ANSWER:
crista ampulares
67. The ____________________ is the sensory organ for hearing.
ANSWER:
organ of Corti
68. There is/are ____________________ row(s) of outer hair cells.
ANSWER:
three
3
69. There is/are ____________________ row(s) of inner hair cells.
ANSWER:
one
1
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Date:
70. The outer and inner hair cells are separated by the ____________________.
ANSWER:
tunnel of Corti
71. The hair cells are invested with ____________________ that protrude through the cuticular plate.
ANSWER:
cilia
72. The cilia of the ____________________ hair cells are embedded within the tectorial membrane.
ANSWER:
outer
73. There are approximately (number) ____________________ inner hair cells.
ANSWER:
3,500
74. There are approximately (number) ____________________ outer hair cells.
ANSWER:
12,000
75. Each (outer/inner) ____________________ hair cell receives innervation from as many as 10 VIII nerve fibers.
ANSWER:
inner
76. Each (outer/inner) ____________________ hair cell shares innervation with as many as 10 other hair cells.
ANSWER:
outer
77. What are the three major structures that compose the ear?
ANSWER:
The three major structures that make up the ear are:
The outer ear that is composed of the pinna (auricle) and the external auditory meatus (EAM), or ear canal.
The pinna is what we call "the ear." The pinna collects sound that is processed in the middle ear and cochla.
Cartilage provides a framework for the pinna. The external auditory meatus (EAM) is the external ear canal.
The EAM and cochlea are both resonating cavities that contribute to hearing. The tympanic membrane or
eardrum is located at the end of the EAM.
The middle ear contains the ossicles, which are the three smallest bones in the body. The ossicular chain
houses the malleus, the incus, and the stapes. The malleus is the largest of the ossicles. This bone provides
the point of attachment to the tympanic membrane. The incus is shaped like an anvil. It provides the
intermediate link of the ossicular chain. The stapes, or stirrup, is the third bone of the ossicular chain. It is
involved in transmitting sound vibrations from the eardrum to the oval window.
The inner ear, which houses the vestibular system and the cochlea. The vestibular system contains sensors
for balance, while the cochlea contains sensors for hearing. Important structures housed within the inner ear
include the osseous vestibule, the osseous semicircular canals, the osseous cochlear labyrinth, and the
membranous labyrinth. The vestibule provides the entrance to these structures.
78. What causes otitis externa, and why is it so painful?
ANSWER:
Otitis externa is defined as inflammation of the skin of the external ear. The causes of otitis externa include:
∙
Bacterial infection following trauma or abrasion
Failure to thoroughly clean probe tips and specula, causing infection to be
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ANSWER:
Otitis media is also referred to as serous (secretory) otitis media. This condition is characterized by the
accumulation of fluid in the middle ear cavity. The Eustachian tube (also called the auditory tube or
pharyngotympanic tube) ceases to function normally. Because the Eustachian tube is responsible for aerating
the middle ear, the middle ear space becomes anaerobic as tissues absorb the available oxygen. At the same
time, dysfunction of the Eustachian tube may impede the equalization of pressure between the middle ear
space and the environment.
In either case, a relatively negative pressure may develop in the middle ear tissues, which is called
transudation. In addition, this negative air pressure can also cause drainage of mucus from the middle ear
tissue. This state, termed middle ear effusion, interferes with sound transmission, which in turn, reduces the
movement of the tympanic membrane.
80. What is the structure of the tympanic membrane?
ANSWER:
The tympanic membrane, commonly called the eardrum, separates the middle and outer ears. This structure is
slightly oval and is around 10 mm in diameter in the superior-inferior dimension. It is approximately 9 mm in
diameter in the anterior-posterior dimension. The perimeter of the membrane is a fibrocartilaginous ring that
fits into a groove in the temporal bone that is called the tympanic sulcus.
The tympanic membrane is composed of three layers of tissue: the outer, intermediate, and inner layers. The
outer (cuticular) layer is continuous with the epithelial lining of the external auditory meatus (EAM) and the
pinna. The intermediate (fibrous) layer is composed of a superficial layer of fiber and a deep layer of fiber.
The inner (mucous) layer is continuous with the mucosa of the middle ear.
81. Cochlea
ANSWER:
g
82. Posterior semicircular canal
ANSWER:
d
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84. Utricle
ANSWER:
e
85. Superior semicircular canal
ANSWER:
b
86. Saccule
ANSWER:
f
87. VII facial nerve
ANSWER:
j
88. Endolymphatic sac
ANSWER:
a
89. Vestibular ganglia
ANSWER:
k
90. VIII vestibulocochlear nerve
ANSWER:
i
91. Head
ANSWER:
a
92. Anterior crus
ANSWER:
d
93. Footplate
ANSWER:
c
94. Posterior crus
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ANSWER:
b
103. Long process of incus
ANSWER:
q
104. Anterior malleolar ligament
ANSWER:
j
105. Lenticular process of incus
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ANSWER:
n
106. Head of malleus
ANSWER:
g
107. Stapes
ANSWER:
c
108. Footplate
ANSWER:
b
109. Anterior malleolar ligament of malleus
ANSWER:
e
110. Long process of incus
ANSWER:
o
111. Crura of anthelix
ANSWER:
d
112. Tragus
ANSWER:
f
113. Helix
ANSWER:
b
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114. Crus of helix
ANSWER:
e
115. Scaphoid fossa of pinna
ANSWER:
a
116. Lobule
ANSWER:
g
117. Triangular fossa
ANSWER:
c
118. Anthelix
ANSWER:
h
119. Cone of light
ANSWER:
g
120. Pars flaccida
ANSWER:
c
121. Umbo
ANSWER:
f
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122. Posterior malleolar fold
ANSWER:
d
123. Lateral malleolar process
ANSWER:
a
124. Manubrium malli (obscured)
ANSWER:
e
125. Anterior malleolar fold
ANSWER:
b
ANSWER:
f
127. Outer hair cells
ANSWER:
h
128. Inner hair cells
ANSWER:
k
129. Spiral limbus
ANSWER:
d
130. Osseous labyrinth wall
ANSWER:
g
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131. Scala media
ANSWER:
b
132. Tunnel of Corti
ANSWER:
l
133. Reissner’s membrane
ANSWER:
e
134. Tectorial membrane
ANSWER:
i
135. Scala vestibuli
ANSWER:
c
136. Osseous spiral lamina
ANSWER:
j
137. Scala tympani
ANSWER:
a
138. Basilar membrane
ANSWER:
m
139. Facial nerve
ANSWER:
l
140. Incus
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ANSWER:
c
141. Cochlea
ANSWER:
h
142. Tympanic membrane
ANSWER:
j
143. Vestibule
ANSWER:
e
144. Semicircular canal
ANSWER:
d
145. Eustachian (auditory) tube
ANSWER:
g
146. Pinna
ANSWER:
a
147. Stapes
ANSWER:
i
148. Malleus
ANSWER:
b
149. External auditory meatus
ANSWER:
k
Name:
Class:
Date:
150. Carotid canal
ANSWER:
f
151. VII facial nerve canal
ANSWER:
c
152. Aditus
ANSWER:
a
153. Orifice of Eustachian tube
ANSWER:
e
154. Tympanic nerve
ANSWER:
g
155. Jugular fossa
ANSWER:
h
156. Oval window
ANSWER:
m
157. Lateral semicircular canal
ANSWER:
b
158. Promontory
ANSWER:
i
159. Round window
ANSWER:
j
160. Canal of tensor tympani muscle
ANSWER:
d
161. Chorda tympani
ANSWER:
k
162. Pyramid
ANSWER:
l
Name:
Class:
Date:
163. Tunnel of Corti
ANSWER:
d
164. Tectorial membrane
ANSWER:
a
165. Outer hair cell
ANSWER:
i
166. Hensen’s cell
ANSWER:
h
167. Inner spiral bundle
ANSWER:
c
168. Basilar membrane
ANSWER:
f
169. Inner hair cell
ANSWER:
b
170. Spiral vessel
ANSWER:
e
171. Deiter’s cell
ANSWER:
g
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182. Stereocilia
ANSWER:
b
183. Outer hair cells
ANSWER:
c
184. Utricle
ANSWER:
a
185. Ampulla
ANSWER:
b
186. Tensor tympani
ANSWER:
d
187. External auditory meatus
ANSWER:
e
188. Saccule
ANSWER:
a
189. Malleus
ANSWER:
d
190. Crista ampularis
ANSWER:
b
191. Helicotrema
ANSWER:
c
