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1. Which of the following provides the energy source for speech?
a.
Respiratory system
b.
Phonatory system
c.
Articulatory/resonatory system
d.
Nervous system
ANSWER:
a
2. The phonatory subsystem provides which of the following?
a.
The voicing source for speech
b.
The energy source for speech
c.
The filter function for speech
ANSWER:
a
3. The articulatory subsystem provides which of the following?
a.
The voiced source for vowels
b.
The system of neural commands for phonation and resonation
c.
The acoustic filter system for speech production
d.
None of the above
ANSWER:
c
4. The nervous system provides which of the following?
a.
Control of respiration
b.
Control of phonation
c.
Control of articulation
d.
All of the above
ANSWER:
d
5. The auditory system provides which of the following?
a.
Feedback concerning visual processing
b.
A means of identifying respiratory timing in the listener
c.
Processing of acoustic information
d.
None of the above
ANSWER:
c
6. Which term refers to the study of the structure of an organism?
a.
Physiology
b.
Dissection
c.
Endocrinology
d.
Anatomy
e.
Embryology
ANSWER:
d
7. Which term refers to the study of the function of an organism?
a.
Physiology
b.
Separation
c.
Dissection
d.
Cryogenics
e.
Morphology
ANSWER:
a
8. Which term refers to cutting of a body for the purpose of study?
a.
Epidemiology
b.
Dissection
c.
Necrology
d.
Audiology
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e.
Pathology
ANSWER:
b
9. Which term refers to the study of the function of the structures of hearing?
a.
Auditory physiology
b.
Auditory processing
c.
Auditory perception
d.
Auditory phraseology
e.
None of the above
ANSWER:
a
10. Which term refers to application of anatomical study for the diagnosis and treatment of disease, particularly as it
relates to surgical procedures?
a.
Clinical anatomy
b.
Descriptive anatomy
c.
Gross anatomy
d.
Microscopic anatomy
e.
Surface anatomy
ANSWER:
a
11. Which term describes individual parts of the body without reference to disease conditions (views the body as a
composite of systems that function together)?
a.
Cumulative anatomy
b.
Descriptive anatomy
c.
Gross anatomy
d.
Elemental anatomy
e.
None of the above
ANSWER:
b
12. Which term describes the study of structures visible without the aid of microscopes?
a.
Visible anatomy
b.
Descriptive anatomy
c.
Gross anatomy
d.
Viable anatomy
e.
None of the above
ANSWER:
c
13. Which of the following is the study of the form and structure of the surface of the body, especially with reference to
the organs beneath the surface?
a.
Residual anatomy
b.
Morphological anatomy
c.
Structural anatomy
d.
Microscopic anatomy
e.
Surface anatomy
ANSWER:
e
14. Which of the following deals with growth of and changes in the organism from conception to adulthood?
a.
Clinical anatomy
b.
Descriptive anatomy
c.
Gross anatomy
d.
Surface anatomy
e.
Developmental anatomy
ANSWER:
e
15. Which of the following helps us understand the effects of respiratory diseases, such as emphysema, on speech
function?
a.
Cumulative anatomy
b.
Systemic anatomy
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c.
Pathological anatomy
d.
None of the above
ANSWER:
c
16. Which of the following involves examination of anatomical structures with reference to nonhuman as well as human
organisms?
a.
Multispecies anatomy
b.
Elemental anatomy
c.
Invertebrate anatomy
d.
Comparative anatomy
e.
None of the above
ANSWER:
d
17. Which of the following helps us understand the cellular changes that occur during the course of diseases such as
emphysema?
a.
Glial physiology
b.
Systemic anatomy
c.
Gross anatomy
d.
Microscopic anatomy
e.
None of the above
ANSWER:
d
18. Which of the following is the study of cell structure and function?
a.
Cytology
b.
Osteology
c.
Myology
d.
Arthrology
e.
Angiology
ANSWER:
a
19. Which of the following is the microscopic study of cells and tissues?
a.
Histology
b.
Urology
c.
Biology
d.
Arthrology
e.
None of the above
ANSWER:
a
20. Which of the following is the study of the structure and function of bones?
a.
Necrology
b.
Osteology
c.
Biology
d.
Pathology
e.
None of the above
ANSWER:
b
21. Which of the following is the study of the form and function of muscle?
a.
Tendonitis
b.
Muscular dystrophy
c.
Myology
d.
Myology
e.
None of the above
ANSWER:
c
22. Which of the following is the study of joints of the body?
a.
Phlebotomy
b.
Pathology
c.
Serology
d.
Arthrology
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e.
None of the above
ANSWER:
d
23. Which of the following is the study of blood vessels and the lymph system?
a.
Angiology
b.
Phlebotomy
c.
Vasculology
d.
Arthrology
e.
None of the above
ANSWER:
a
24. Which of the following is the study of diseases of the nervous system?
a.
Cytology
b.
Craniotomy
c.
Neurology
d.
Phlebotomy
e.
None of the above
ANSWER:
c
25. Which of the following tissues provides the surface covering of the body and linings of cavities and passageways?
a.
Muscular
b.
Epithelial
c.
Nervous
d.
Connective
ANSWER:
b
26. ____________________ is the type of tissue that links structures together.
ANSWER:
Connective tissue
27. ____________________ is contractile in nature.
ANSWER:
Muscle
28. ____________________ muscle is also called skeletal muscle.
ANSWER:
Striated
29. ____________________ tissue is specialized for communication.
ANSWER:
Nervous
30. ____________________ strength is the quality of a material that keeps fibers from being easily separated when
pulled.
ANSWER:
Tensile
31. ____________________ strength provides resistance to crushing.
ANSWER:
Compressive
32. ____________________ is a tissue type that provides the cushion between vertebrae of the spinal column.
ANSWER:
Fibrocartilage
33. ____________________ cartilage makes up the larynx, trachea, and bronchial passageway.
ANSWER:
Hyaline
34. ____________________ are aggregates of tissue with functional unity, in that the tissues all serve the same general
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purpose.
ANSWER:
Organs
35. ____________________ is a sheet-like membrane of connective tissue that surrounds organs.
ANSWER:
Fascia
36. ____________________ are relatively nonelastic, and bind structures together.
ANSWER:
Ligaments
37. ____________________ provide a means of attaching muscle to bone or cartilage.
ANSWER:
Tendons
38. ____________________ is a sheet-like tendon.
ANSWER:
Aponeurosis
39. ____________________ is composed predominantly of intercellular material, known as the matrix.
ANSWER:
Connective tissue
40. ____________________ tissue is areolar tissue that is highly impregnated with fat cells.
ANSWER:
Adipose
41. ____________________ tissue is specialized connective tissue found in tonsils and adenoids.
ANSWER:
Lymphoid
42. ____________________ is a particularly important combination of connective tissues, because it has unique
properties of strength and elasticity.
ANSWER:
Cartilage
43. ____________________ contains collagenous fibers; it provides the cushion between the vertebrae of the spinal
column, as well as the mating surface for the temporomandibular joint between the lower jaw and the skull.
ANSWER:
Fibrocartilage
44. ____________________ acts as a shock absorber and provides a relatively smooth surface for gliding.
ANSWER:
Fibrocartilage
45. ____________________ cartilage contains elastic fibers rather than collagen, and is found in the pinna, nose, and
epiglottis.
ANSWER:
Yellow
Elastic
46. ____________________ is the hardest of the connective tissues.
ANSWER:
Bone
47. ____________________ muscle is so called because of its striped appearance under the microscope.
ANSWER:
Striated
48. ____________________ is the point of attachment of a muscle that has the least movement.
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ANSWER:
Origin
49. ____________________ is the point of attachment of a muscle that is relatively mobile.
ANSWER:
Insertion
50. The ____________________ skeleton consists of the trunk and head.
ANSWER:
axial
51. The ____________________ consists of the abdominal and thoracic regions.
ANSWER:
trunk
52. A ____________________ section is one in which there are front and back halves.
ANSWER:
frontal
coronal
53. A ____________________ section divides the body into right and left halves.
ANSWER:
sagittal
54. A ____________________ section divides the body into upper and lower portions.
ANSWER:
transverse
55. The term ____________________ refers to the front surface of a body, whether erect, supine, or prone.
ANSWER:
anterior
56. The term ____________________ refers to the back surface of a body, whether erect, supine, or prone.
ANSWER:
posterior
57. The term ____________________ refers to the belly of an erect human.
ANSWER:
ventral
58. The term ____________________ refers to the back of an erect human.
ANSWER:
dorsal
59. The term ____________________ refers to the surface of a body.
ANSWER:
superficial
60. The term ____________________ refers to directions away from the surface of the body.
ANSWER:
deep
61. The term ____________________ refers to being away from the midline of a free extremity.
ANSWER:
distal
62. The term ____________________ refers to being toward the midline of a free extremity.
ANSWER:
medial
63. The term ____________________ refers to an elevated position.
ANSWER:
superior
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64. The term ____________________ refers to being closer to the ground.
ANSWER:
inferior
65. The term ____________________ refers to being on one’s back.
ANSWER:
supine
66. The term ____________________ refers to being on one’s abdomen.
ANSWER:
prone
67. How has the definition and practice of anatomy changed since the days of the early anatomists?
ANSWER:
The term anatomy currently refers to the structure of an organism. The early anatomists used the term to
describe the actual dissection of an organism, including the cutting of parts and the separating of tissues. Over
time, however, the word anatomy has evolved to encompass a field of study that now includes many
subspecializations: for example, applied anatomy, descriptive anatomy, gross anatomy, developmental
anatomy, pathological anatomy, and so forth.
68. What languages form the basis for the terminology used to discuss anatomy, and what purpose do these languages still
serve?
ANSWER:
Anatomical terms for body parts and tissues are primarily based on Greek and Latin. These languages were
once universally used by early anatomists and medical practitioners. Today, anatomical and medical terms are
still based on their ancient Greek and Latin roots.
69. What are the three major building blocks of the body? Briefly describe the role of each.
ANSWER:
The three major building blocks of the body are:
1. Organs: Collections of specific tissues that are organized into structures that are specialized to perform
particular functions. Examples of organs include the kidneys, the heart, the liver, and the lungs.
2. Tissues: Collections or groups of similar cells that are specialized to perform specific functions. The four
types of tissue include:
∙
Epithelial tissue: refers to the outer or superficial layer of mucous
membrane and the cells constituting the skin.
∙
Connective tissue: probably the most complex of the categories of
tissues, because it is specialized for the purposes of support. Connective
tissue varies as a function of the intercellular material (matrix)
surrounding it.
∙
and cardiac muscle.
∙
Nervous tissue: specialized for communication.
3. Systems: Combinations of organs that perform specific functions. In other words, systems of the body are
groups of organs with functional unity. Organs can belong to more than one system. Examples of systems
include the muscular system, the skeletal system, the respiratory system, the digestive system, the
reproductive system, the urinary and endocrine systems, and the nervous system.
70. Why are the definitions of the systems of speech primarily a convenience for discussing speech science?
ANSWER:
Defining the systems of speech is only a convenience, because none of the four systems operate in isolation.
To produce the sounds of speech, all of the systems of speech must operate together in a highly integrated
manner. The science of speech is extremely complicated, and defining the systems of speech simply makes it
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CHAPTER 1 - BASIC ELEMENTS OF ANATOMY
ANSWER:
c
92. Have limited mobility, with cartilage performing the primary joint function
ANSWER:
b
93. Immobile
ANSWER:
a
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CHAPTER 1 - BASIC ELEMENTS OF ANATOMY
ANSWER:
c
103. The system of control for all speech mechanisms
ANSWER:
d
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