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Name:
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Date:
Chapter 20: Radiation Processes
Copyright Cengage Learning. Powered by Cognero.
Page 1
1. Radiation is carried by a unit called a(n) ____, and is in either wave or particle form.
a.
atom
b.
photon
c.
molecule
d.
proton
ANSWER:
b
2. Materials that are ____, like uranium, radium, thorium, and actinium emit photons of energy and/or particles as the
nuclei disintegrate and decrease in mass.
a.
ionized
b.
electrolytic
c.
isotopic
d.
radioactive
ANSWER:
d
3. When the number of neutrons in the nucleus of an atom changes, the mass of the element is different, forming a(n)
____ of the original element.
a.
isotope
b.
isomere
c.
neutral form
d.
new form
ANSWER:
a
4. The unit of energy carried by a single photon is called a ____.
a.
electron
b.
radioisotope
c.
quantum
d.
alpha particle
ANSWER:
c
5. Heavy, slow-moving masses containing a double positive charge are called ____.
a.
beta particles
b.
alpha particles
c.
quanta
d.
radioisotopes
ANSWER:
b
6. When alpha particles strike other atoms, their double positive charge removes one or more electrons, leaving the atom
or molecule in a dissociated or _____ state.
a.
isotope
b.
particle
c.
electrostatic
d.
ionized
ANSWER:
d
Name:
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Chapter 20: Radiation Processes
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Page 2
7. Electrons ejected from the nuclei of atoms at a very high speed and energy are called ____.
a.
isotopes
b.
beta particles
c.
alpha particles
d.
ions
ANSWER:
b
8. Short, very high-frequency electromagnetic waves with no electrical charge are ____.
a.
gamma rays
b.
beta particles
c.
alpha particles
d.
ions
ANSWER:
a
9. This diagram suggests which type of radiation penetrates most deeply?
a.
gamma rays
b.
beta particles
c.
alpha particles
d.
electron particles
ANSWER:
a
10. Which uncharged particles may collide with atomic nuclei, resulting in alpha and gamma radiation?
a.
protons
b.
photons
c.
neutrons
d.
electron
ANSWER:
c
11. A commercially available radioisotope source that produces ionizing radiation is ____.
a.
cobalt-60
b.
gamma radiation
c.
cyclotrons
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Chapter 20: Radiation Processes
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Page 3
d.
synchrotrons
ANSWER:
a
12. What is the primary ionizing source used for radiation processing?
a.
strontium-90
b.
cesium-137
c.
electron beam accelerators
d.
burnt uranium slugs from fission reactor waste
ANSWER:
c
13. Which type of radiation is often used in thermoforming?
a.
electron
b.
ultraviolet
c.
infrared
d.
electromagnetic
ANSWER:
c
14. The process of scission does damage to plastics by ____.
a.
breaking covalent bonds
b.
disrupting ionic bonds
c.
causing electron loss
d.
ionization
ANSWER:
a
15. When radiation causes long linear plastics to break into short segments, with the plastics losing strength as a result of
this breaking, it produces symptoms such as ____.
a.
stress cracking
b.
hardening
c.
gasification
d.
melting
ANSWER:
a
16. What is an example of a plastics that benefits from controlled, limited irradiation, with the result of elevating the
softening temperature above that of boiling water?
a.
polypropylene
b.
polyester
c.
polyethylene
d.
polystyrene
ANSWER:
c
17. Today, radiation processing is most often done with electron machines or radioisotope sources such as ____.
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Chapter 20: Radiation Processes
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Page 4
a.
cobalt-60
b.
uranium
c.
plutonium
d.
radium
ANSWER:
a
18. Ultraviolet treatment may improve such surface characteristics as resistance to ____.
a.
stress cracking
b.
chemicals
c.
abrasion
d.
weather
ANSWER:
d
19. Which process, illustrated in this depiction, shows a process for creating polymers that may have very unique
features?
a.
cross-linkage
b.
depolymerization of plastics
c.
graft polymerization
d.
radicalization
ANSWER:
c
20. Irradiation of some cellulosic textiles has aided in the development of ____ fabrics.
a.
“dura-press”
b.
acid resistant
c.
resilient
d.
high tensile strength
ANSWER:
a
21. What is a disadvantage of radiation processing?
a.
danger to operator
b.
slows production time
c.
physical contact is needed
d.
machine sources may be difficult to control
ANSWER:
a
