83) In stating that all human beings are born free and equal in dignity and rights, and that they are
endowed with reason and conscience and should act toward one another in a spirit of brotherhood,
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights echoes
A) the Friedman doctrine.
B) naive immoralism.
C) cultural relativism.
D) Kantian ethics.
E) the Sullivan principles.
84) Article 23 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights implies that it is unethical to employ
child labor in sweatshop settings and pay less than subsistence wages, even if that happens to be
common practice in some countries. This is in contrast to
A) Kantian ethics.
B) cultural relativism.
C) rights theories.
D) Marxism
E) justice theories.
85) Renata believes that it is the obligation of the state government to provide food and shelter for
every citizen. Renata believes that government should act as
A) a straw man.
B) common ground.
C) a social folkway.
D) a moral agent.
E) a naive immoralist.
86) Straight Arrow unloaded two tankers worth of toxic waste at a port in a foreign nation. Two
hundred men and boys worked two days in their shorts and sandals to unload the barrels from the
tankers for $5 a day. They were not told about the content of the barrels. Some observers felt that it
was the obligation of not just the government, but also of Straight Arrow to ensure that no harm
was done to the workers. These observers are most likely
A) justice theorists.
B) cultural relativists.
C) naive immoralists.
D) rights theorists.
E) utilitarianists.
87) Justice theories primarily focus on
A) minimizing the amount of political liberty permitted to each person.
B) the attainment of fair and equitable distribution of economic goods and services.
C) the attainment of maximum business profits.
D) protecting multinationals in case they violate fundamental human rights.
E) minimizing the amount of economic freedom permitted to each person.
88) Who asserts that all economic goods and services should be distributed equally except when an
unequal distribution would work to everyone’s advantage?
A) John Rawls
B) Leon Sullivan
C) Garrett Hardin
D) Milton Friedman
E) Carol Gilligan
89) The veil of ignorance, a conceptual device designed by John Rawls, supports
A) impartiality in justice.
B) oppression of people by totalitarian governments.
C) economic suppression of people.
D) apartheid laws.
E) cultural relativism.
90) The ________ supports the idea that everyone is imagined to be oblivious to all of his or her
particular characteristics, such as, race, sex, intelligence, nationality, family background, and
special talents.
A) tragedy of the commons
B) naive immoralism
C) Universal Declaration of Human Rights
D) veil of ignorance
E) difference principle
91) Under John Rawls’s concept of the veil of ignorance, people are imagined to be ignorant of
their
A) fundamental duties.
B) fundamental rights.
C) particular characteristics such as race, sex, and nationality.
D) political and economic freedom.
E) social responsibilities.
92) Rawls would agree with the idea that inequalities can be justified if they
A) are based on home-country values.
B) redistribute wealth and property
C) benefit those in the highest position.
D) are used to the advantage of everyone.
E) benefit those in the worst position.
93) The ________, developed by Rawls, indicates that inequalities are justified if they benefit the
position of the least-advantaged members of society.
A) difference principle
B) tragedy of the commons
C) theory of private equity
D) unity of command
E) laws of equivalent trade
94) A moral compass is used by managers to
A) help them navigate through difficult ethical dilemmas.
B) maximize stockholders’ wealth.
C) legally justify their unethical behavior.
D) identify new markets that have the best growth potential.
E) establish political imperialism in host countries.
95) One way businesses can make sure they are hiring individuals with strong personal ethics is by
A) employing only those people who have a very high intelligence quotient.
B) administering simple tests that indicate analytical skills of a prospective employee.
C) asking for letters of reference from the prospective employees.
D) hiring only those people who are relatives of current employees.
E) spying on prospective employees.
96) The code of ethics of a company draws heavily upon documents such as the UN Universal
Declaration of Human Rights, which itself is grounded in Kantian and rights-based theories of
moral philosophy. In the context of this information, this company is most likely to
A) restrict its employees from joining a trade union.
B) set unrealistic performance goals for its employees.
C) promote employees on the sole basis of their particular characteristics such as race, sex,
nationality, and class
D) make its employees work under unfavorable working conditions.
E) respect the dignity of an individual and the right of employees to freedom of association.
97) In a business setting, which of these practices is most likely to be considered unethical?
A) allowing managers within a company to act in accordance with rights theories
B) promoting employees who engage in ethical behavior and penalizing those who do not
C) hiring independent auditors to ensure that subcontractors used by the company are applying its
code of conduct
D) making sure that key business decisions make good economic sense irrespective of their social
costs and risks
E) informing prospective employees about the ethical climate in the organization
98) A(n) ________ is considered an external stakeholder of an organization.
A) employee
B) customer
C) trustee
D) director
E) stockholder
99) GreenPlace is a manufacturing company that makes plant fertilizers. It has customers,
investors, vendors, and competitors from all across the globe. Which of these GreenPlace business
associates would be an internal stakeholder?
A) Ace Globe Inc., a firm that supplies machinery to GreenPlace
B) Selena, a prominent member of the top management of GreenPlace
C) Gamma Creators, a competing firm that produces similar products
D) the government of the home country where GreenPlace operates
E) Jarrett, a major buyer of GreenPlace products
100) The term ________ can be described as standing in the shoes of a stakeholder and asking how
a proposed decision might impact that stakeholder
A) corporate espionage
B) ethical dilemma
C) cultural relativism
D) moral imagination
E) moral courage
101) When thinking through an ethical issue, the first step you should take is to
A) identify which stakeholders a decision would affect and in what ways.
B) judge the ethics of the proposed strategic decision.
C) establish a moral intent.
D) audit a decision to check for its consistency with ethical principles.
E) review a decision to check for its consistency with Rawls’s veil of ignorance.
102) Kendrik would like to hire just one company to construct the new highway overpass in
Phoenix, but he can’t imagine asking such a small crew to work many months in the hot conditions
of the Arizona summer. Kendrik is relying on ________ to make his decision.
A) his ethnocentrism
B) the tragedy of the commons
C) straw men theories
D) Kantian theory
E) his moral imagination
103) What practice should a company avoid to ensure ethical decision making?
A) auditing past decisions made in the company
B) protecting the fundamental rights of stakeholders
C) taking care of the interests of external stakeholders
D) placing its economic interests before its moral principles
E) adopting the moral principles specified in the company code of ethics
104) The last step in ethical decision making involves
A) judging the ethics of the proposed decision.
B) establishing moral intent.
C) auditing of decisions.
D) engaging in ethical behavior.
E) identifying the stakeholders a decision would affect.