83) A(n) ________ allowance is paid when an expatriate is being sent to a difficult location.
A) education
B) housing
C) hardship
D) cost of living
E) reciprocal
84) When a reciprocal tax treaty is in place, how does an expatriate benefit?
A) They may not have to pay income tax to both host and home governments.
B) They do not have to pay any income tax.
C) They have to pay income tax at a lower rate to the host-country government.
D) They have to pay income tax at a higher rate to the home-country government.
E) They pay 50 percent more tax to the host-country government.
85) In terms of expatriate pay, what does a firm typically do when a reciprocal tax treaty is not in
force?
A) The firm requires the expatriate to pay one-third of the income tax to the host-country
government.
B) The firm requires the expatriate to pay 50 percent of the income tax to the host-country
government.
C) The firm pays the expatriate’s income tax to the host-country government.
D) The firm requires the expatriate to pay the income tax to both the host-country and
home-country governments.
E) The firm pays the expatriate’s income tax to the home-country government.
86) Within an international business, ________ is typically responsible for international labor
relations.
A) public relations
B) human resource management
C) finance and accounting
D) legal
E) logistics
87) In the context of international labor relations, what is true of organized labor?
A) It supports the pursuit of a transnational standardization strategy.
B) It supports the pursuit of a global standardization strategy.
C) It increases unintentional bias in evaluating performance of expatriate managers.
D) It limits a firm’s ability to integrate and consolidate its global operations.
E) It reduces a firm’s ability to understand host-country cultural differences that require different
approaches to marketing.
88) Unions garner their bargaining power mostly through
A) the ability to increase tax rates.
B) tying wages to product quality.
C) the power to import labor from abroad.
D) the threat to disrupt production.
E) the retention of low-skilled tasks in home country.
89) One concern of organized labor is that an international business
A) usually increases the bargaining power of organized labor.
B) keeps highly-skilled tasks in its home country and farms out only low-skilled tasks to foreign
plants.
C) faces difficulty in switching production from one location to another.
D) does not import employment practices and contractual agreements from its home country.
E) signs a reciprocal tax treaty with the host country.
90) In the context of international labor relations, one of the reasons for a decline in union
influence is the
A) introduction of a reciprocal tax treaty.
B) retention of low-skilled tasks in an international firm’s home country.
C) importing of employment practices and contractual agreements that are alien to the host
country.
D) increased bargaining power of organized labor.
E) increased ability to threaten to disrupt production, either by a strike or some other form of work
protest.
91) One way organized labor responds to the increased bargaining power of multinational
corporations is by trying to
A) impose regulations on multinationals through organizations such as GATT.
B) achieve international regulations on multinationals through the United Nations.
C) establish regional boards.
D) lobby multinational corporations to restrict their global reach to three or fewer foreign
countries.
E) develop a local trade forum.
92) Which group was established by organized labor in the 1960s to provide worldwide links for
national unions in particular industries?
A) HR watchdog groups
B) international trade secretariats
C) unorganized labor organizations
D) international orientation resources
E) reciprocal tax treaties
93) In the 1960s, organized labor believed that by coordinating union action across countries
through an international trade secretariat, it could counter the power of a multinational corporation
by
A) threatening to disrupt production on an international scale.
B) introducing a reciprocal tax treaty.
C) trying to farm out highly skilled tasks back to the home country of the firm.
D) increasing its bargaining power.
E) lobbying for importing employment practices from the home country of the firm.
94) One impediment to cooperation between national unions is the
A) retention of highly skilled tasks in the host country.
B) reciprocal tax treaty.
C) wide variation in the structure and ideology of unions.
D) common perception unions have about multinational companies.
E) decreasing bargaining power of multinational companies.
95) International businesses differ in terms of their approaches to international labor relations,
mainly in the degree to which
A) labor relations activities are centralized or decentralized.
B) labor relations are formal or informal.
C) labor relations are given a high priority or a low priority.
D) labor relations are internally or externally managed.
E) firms follow a polycentric or geocentric staffing policy.
96) Japanese automakers have realized that ________ can be a source of competitive advantage,
and, as a result, Japanese firms bargain directly with local labor unions to incorporate this into the
work practice before agreeing to operations.
A) low-cost products
B) how work is organized
C) customization
D) technology transfer
E) how employees are paid
97) Describe human resource management.
98) Compare and contrast the ethnocentric, polycentric, and geocentric approaches to staffing for
international businesses. Discuss the role of cultural myopia within the ethnocentric staffing
policy.
99) Explain the difference between an expatriate and an inpatriate manager. Provide a hypothetical
example of each.
100) What is expatriate failure? According to Tung’s survey, what are the different reasons for
expatriate failure in U.S. multinationals?
101) Discuss the four dimensions that seem to predict success in a foreign posting introduced by
Mendenhall and Oddou.
102) Discuss the cultural, language, and practical training that is used to help reduce expatriate
failure.
103) What is repatriation? Why is it important?
104) Describe how management development programs can increase the value of human capital in
an international business firm.
105) How does unintentional bias affect the performance appraisal of expatriates? How can it be
reduced?
106) Briefly describe how national differences in compensation can affect an international
business.
107) Discuss the four types of allowances provided in an expatriate compensation package.
108) Discuss some of the reasons why a diverse workforce will improve performance of a
company.
109) How has organized labor responded to the increased bargaining power of multinational
corporations?
110) Describe the different approaches that international businesses take to labor relations.