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29) Modern socialists trace their intellectual roots to ________, although socialist thought clearly
predates this individual.
A) David Hume
B) Karl Marx
C) Adam Smith
D) John Stuart Mill
30) Manchu believed that socialism could be achieved only through violent revolution and
totalitarian dictatorship. Manchu was likely a
A) libertarian.
B) communist.
C) collectivist.
D) social democrat.
31) Plato ________; he believed that society should be stratified into classes, with those best suited
to rule administering society for the benefit of all.
A) equated individualism with equality
B) equated collectivism with equality
C) promoted representative democracy
D) did not equate collectivism with equality
32) When ________ is emphasized, an individual's right to do something may be restricted on the
grounds that it runs counter to "the good of society."
A) individualism
B) totalitarianism
C) collectivism
D) theocracy
33) What term is used to describe a state in which authoritarian elements have captured some or
much of the machinery of state and use this in an attempt to deny basic political and civil liberties?
A) authoritarian dictatorship
B) right-wing democracies
C) representative totalitarianism
D) pseudo-democracies
34) ________ generally permits some individual economic freedom but restricts individual
political freedom, frequently on the grounds that it would lead to the rise of communism.
A) Communist totalitarianism
B) Theoretical totalitarianism
C) Right-wing totalitarianism
D) Tribal totalitarianism
35) ________ argued that individual diversity and private ownership are desirable.
A) Karl Marx
B) Plato
C) John Stuart Smith
D) Aristotle
36) In a(n) ________ society, the welfare of society is best served by letting people pursue their
own economic self-interest.
A) individualist
B) capitalist
C) democratic
D) totalitarian
37) Systems that emphasize collectivism tend toward
A) totalitarianism.
B) capitalism.
C) democracy.
D) privatization.
38) Interdependent political, economic, and legal systems of a country make up its
A) administrative agenda.
B) socioeconomic fabric.
C) cultural environment.
D) political economy.
39) A political system that prioritizes the needs of the society over individual freedoms is called
A) totalitarianism.
B) collectivism.
C) capitalism.
D) egalitarianism.
40) Modern socialism has been popularized largely through the work of
A) Adam Smith.
B) Karl Marx.
C) David Hume.
D) Thomas Hobbes.
41) In several Western democracies, the poor performance of state-owned enterprises, because of
protection from competition and guaranteed government financial support, led to
A) privatization.
B) nationalization.
C) liberalization.
D) socialization of production.
42) Which of the following philosophies can be traced back to the ancient Greek philosopher
Aristotle?
A) socialism
B) individualism
C) collectivism
D) anarchism
43) The tenet of ________ is that the welfare of society is best served by letting people pursue their
own economic self-interest.
A) socialism
B) communism
C) anarchism
D) individualism
44) Which of the following statements about individualism is true?
A) Individualism promotes state ownership of the basic means of production, distribution, and
exchange.
B) Individualism promotes globalization.
C) Individualism creates an antibusiness environment.
D) Individualism and democracy go hand in hand.
45) Which of the following is a safeguard that representative democracies use to ensure that their
elected officials are held responsible for their actions?
A) unlimited terms for elected representatives
B) a court system that is integrated with the political system
C) an individual's right to freedom of expression, opinion, and organization
D) a political police force and armed service
46) Which of the following is a feature of a democracy?
A) exercise of absolute control by one person or political party
B) governance by people or elected representatives
C) prohibition of entry to opposing political parties
D) complete restriction of individual political freedom
47) Totalitarianism
A) refers to a political system in which government is by the people, exercised either directly or
through elected representatives.
B) is based on a belief that citizens should be directly involved in decision making.
C) is a form of government in which one person or political party exercises absolute control over
all spheres of human life.
D) is based on the idea that the welfare of society is best served by letting people pursue their own
economic self-interests.
48) People's right to protest on issues of accountability in public expenditure would be possible in
a ________ political setup.
A) dictatorial
B) democratic
C) totalitarian
D) fascist
