The Art of Leadership, 6e (Manning)
Chapter 7 The Role of Values and Ethics at Work
1) Character and leading by values require ________.
A) insight
B) courage
C) education
D) social support
E) leadership
2) The instrumental and enabling values of the U.S. Army are loyalty, duty, respect, selfless
service, honor, integrity, and ________.
A) teamwork
B) education
C) strength
D) personal courage
3) Which of the following is the most important leadership value and is also the single most
important ingredient in the leader–follower relationship?
A) Rationality
B) Emotionality
C) Spontaneity
D) Honesty
4) According to philosopher–psychologist Rollo May, ________ is the foundation that underlies
and gives reality to all other virtues and personal values.
A) experience
B) contribution
C) courage
D) commitment
5) In 1727, ________ formed the ________, a forerunner of modern-day civic clubs. His own
values included ________, ________, and ________.
A) Thomas Jefferson; Masons; liveliness; liberty; freedom
B) Alexander Hamilton; Shriners; order; service; resoluteness
C) John Adams; Rotary; service; trust; fidelity
D) Benjamin Franklin; Junto; justice; moderation; humility
E) George Washington; Grange; truth; honor; liveliness
6) ________, former CEO of General Electric, sees management values as a primary source of
corporate identity.
A) William James
B) Leon Wieseltier
C) Maury Smith
D) Jack Welch
7) Identify a true statement about the theoretical person.
A) This person usually chooses to consider truth as equivalent to beauty.
B) This person finds highest satisfaction in form and harmony.
C) The primary interest of this person is the discovery of truth.
D) In the pursuit of goals, this person prefers an approach that looks for the utility of objects.
8) Which of the following statements is true about the economic person?
A) In relationships with people, this person is unlikely to be interested in surpassing others in
wealth.
B) The altruistic or philanthropic aspect of love is the interest of this person.
C) The primary values of this person are social influence and the exercise of authority.
D) This person wants education to be practical and regards unapplied knowledge as wasteful.
9) Which of the following statements is true about the aesthetic person?
A) In the pursuit of truth, this person prefers a cognitive approach.
B) In personal relations, this person tends toward individualism, self-sufficiency, and idealism.
C) In social affairs, this person is necessarily interested in the welfare of people.
D) In the economic sphere, this person is often interested in the process of advertising and trade.
10) In contrast to the political type, the social person ________.
A) regards love as the most suitable form of human relationship
B) is an individual for whom the highest value is spiritual peace
C) has a high interest in power and status
D) primarily values social influence and the exercise of authority
11) Which of the following factors has been viewed by many philosophers as the most universal
and most fundamental of human motives?
A) Love
B) Wealth
C) Power
D) Religion
12) Full-swing values is a concept used to describe the ________.
A) strength of our values
B) actual values a person has
C) flexibility of ethics as a human concern
D) relationship between ethics and sports
E) ethical shift from individual to group
13) The quality of doing the right thing for the right reason even in the face of adversity and
personal loss is called ________.
A) neuroticism
B) narcissism
C) rationality
D) integrity
14) Regarding moral behavior, which of the following statements was written by Thomas
Jefferson?
A) “You must stand for something or you will fall for anything.”
B) “The measure of a man is what he will do when no one is looking.”
C) “In matters of style, swim with the currents; in matters of principle, stand like a rock.”
D) “The leader is flexible except in character formation.”
E) “The question is not how many values one has but how deeply they are held.”
15) Identify the three core values of IBM.
A) Respecting the individual, giving the best customer service possible, and performing every job
with excellence
B) Shareholders first, customers second, and employees third
C) Cutting edge research, technical excellence, and market dominance
D) Never do harm, the Golden Rule, and survival of the fittest
E) None of these
16) Identify the six instrumental values of caring leaders in every field and level of responsibility.
A) Excellence, excitement, support, efficiency, effectiveness, and ease
B) Determination, diligence, dogma, deliberation, dependability, and delegation
C) Honesty, consideration, responsibility, persistence, excellence, and commitment
D) Power, position, perseverance, perception, patience, and people
E) None of these
17) To improve and maintain investor confidence, which of the following acts was passed by the
U.S. Congress in response to a series of corporate scandals?
A) Sarbanes-Oxley Act in 2002
B) Kennedy-Feingold Act in 2004
C) Lugar-Obama Act in 2008
D) None of these
18) Guidelines for work ethics identified by Rotary International include all of the following
questions EXCEPT
A) is it the truth?
B) is it fair to all concerned?
C) will it build goodwill?
D) will it be beneficial to all concerned?
E) is it legal?
19) In dealing with moral dilemmas regarding people, products, prices, and profit, which of the
following ethical climates are typically reflected by organizations?
A) Strong central leaders, democratic leadership, and no leaders
B) Self-centered, selfish, and selfless
C) Law of the jungle, agrarian society, and free market economy
D) Profit-maximizing, trusteeship, and quality-of-life management
E) None of these
20) Identify the area in which a comprehensive code of ethics for an organization includes
guidelines.
A) Government relations
B) Employee relations
C) Business relations
D) Consumer relations
E) All of these
21) In dealing with moral dilemmas regarding people, products, prices, and profits, organizations
typically reflect one of three ethical climates, which are
A) democracy, quality-of-life management, and labor relations.
B) quality-of-life management, profit maximizing, and trusteeship.
C) democracy, management accountability, and quality-of-life management.
D) quality-of-life management, communism, and shared profits.
22) Identify the red flags that help an organization assess if it needs to clarify or reinforce its
values.
A) Top leaders send mixed messages about what is important.
B) Different individuals and subgroups have fundamentally different value systems.
C) The organization has values but does not practice them.
D) All of these
E) None of these
23) According to Leon Wieseltier, Americans are ________.
A) choking on identities
B) lacking a well-defined meaning of life
C) well defined in core values
D) committed to a unified value system
24) The German philosopher Immanuel Kant ________.
A) rejected the idea that people must be their own lawgivers and freely choose their obligations
B) believed that if an individual acts from a good motive and a sense of duty, the act is good
regardless of the consequences
C) rejected the idea that all people must have free choice in moral dilemmas and be responsible for
their own actions
D) believed that a person with character is also likely to succumb to base or expedient desires
25) The Green Apron Book, a pocket-size job-aid that describes partner (employee) “ways of
being” in order to be successful includes all of the following EXCEPT to be ________.
A) welcoming
B) genuine
C) knowledgeable
D) considerate
E) punctual
26) Which of the following statements is most likely true about pragmatists?
A) They emphasize the Golden Rule.
B) They believe in doing what is best for the greatest number of people.
C) They maintain that what is true must be based on evidence.
D) They focus on the importance of personal conscience and duty.
27) According to the philosopher Plato and his allegory of the cave, ________.
A) people trapped in the cave represented the world’s intellectual masses
B) ignorant masses escaped the cave to witness the true nature of things
C) philosophers saw only representations of objects, the sights and sounds that were discerned by
the physical senses
D) philosophers who understood the form of the good should rule as kings
28) In the context of the three ethical climates, identify a true statement about the
profit-maximizing climate.
A) It reflects conventional morality.
B) An organization’s focus is on self-gain and avoidance of punishment.
C) It reflects the most advanced level of moral development.
D) An organization behaves to conform to the expectations of others and to satisfy higher
authorities.
29) In the context of the three ethical climates, identify a true statement about the trusteeship
climate.
A) It reflects preconventional morality.
B) An organization’s focus is on self-gain and avoidance of punishment.
C) It reflects the most advanced level of moral development.
D) An organization behaves to conform to the expectations of others and to satisfy higher
authorities.
30) Courage is the virtue that underlies and gives reality to all other values and is the basis for
moral worth and dignity.
31) Niccolò Machiavelli (1469–1527) argued for winning and retaining power in a world
containing extensive political factionalism and lust for dominion.
32) In every field—science, art, government, business, service, religion—the highest level of
leadership is full-swing.
33) Ethical climate refers to the moral standards that have been consistently and clearly
communicated, embraced, and enforced in an organization, especially by leaders in both word and
conduct.
34) People find it difficult to forgive a leader who is immoral and nonprincipled.
35) The aesthetic person finds highest satisfaction in spiritual peace.
36) With trusteeship climate, ethical conduct is based on the highest moral principles.
Match the items below with their descriptions:
A) concept used to describe the strength of one’s values
B) superordinate quality of a person
C) most influential guidelines for ethics at work comes from Rotary International
D) values mentioned most often in the American workplace
E) set the standard for people’s behavior toward one another and for performance on the job
37) Is it the truth? Is it fair to all concerned? Will it build goodwill? Will it be beneficial to all
concerned?
38) honesty, respect, service, excellence, integrity
39) courage
40) a leader’s actions
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41) full-swing values