The Art of Leadership, 6e (Manning)
Chapter 3 Leadership Qualities, Characteristics of Followers, and Situational Factors
1) Qualities that mark a leader and help influence the leadership process include all of the
following EXCEPT ________.
A) vision and enthusiasm
B) stability and concern for others
C) self-confidence and persistence
D) vitality and integrity
E) hearing and size
2) Antoine de Saint-Exupéry once commented on the ________, saying, “A rock pile ceases to be
a rock pile the moment a single man contemplates it, bearing within him the image of a cathedral.”
A) imaginative nature of vision
B) fact that all great leaders are builders
C) principle that only a man can be a leader
D) need for leading from a sound foundation
E) need for motivation
3) In the context of the 10 qualities that mark a leader and help influence the leadership process,
identify the first requirement for a leader.
A) An innate and learned competency
B) A strong sense of purpose
C) Concern for others
D) Strength and stamina to fulfill the tasks of leadership
4) In the context of enthusiasm, a quality that marks a leader and helps influence the leadership
process, who among the following said, “The successful man has enthusiasm. Good work is never
done in cold blood; heat is needed to forge anything. Every great achievement is the story of a
flaming heart”?
A) Martin Luther King
B) George Patton
C) Harry Truman
D) Colin Powell
E) Eleanor Roosevelt
5) According to Roger Staubach, which of the following is the key to self-confidence in
leadership?
A) The leader’s natural talent
B) The support of caring teammates
C) How hard the leader works
D) Opportunity and position
E) None of these
6) Who among the following referred to the quality of persistence when advising that things do not
just occur in one’s life and encouraged people to believe, be persistent, and struggle to overcome
life’s obstacles?
A) Winston Churchill
B) Martin Luther King
C) Henry Ford
D) Abraham Lincoln
E) Golda Meir
7) ________ is a special personal quality that generates others’ interest and causes them to follow.
A) Vitality
B) Charisma
C) Integrity
D) Stability
8) ________ is understood as honesty, strength of character, and courage.
A) Vitality
B) Charisma
C) Integrity
D) Stability
9) Different kinds of intelligence include all of the following EXCEPT ________ intelligence.
A) verbal-linguistic
B) logical-mathematical
C) visual-spatial
D) bodily-kinesthetic
E) memory-recall
10) Based on styles of leading, which of the following is an important factor in determining
leadership effectiveness?
A) The number of members in a team
B) Income and geography
C) Size and distance
D) Leader–follower compatibility
E) All of these
11) Which of the following situational factors influences the leadership process?
A) Size of an organization
B) Social and psychological climate
C) Employment patterns
D) Type, place, and purpose of the work performed
E) All of these
12) All of the following are important qualities of leadership EXCEPT ________.
A) ability
B) stability
C) persistence
D) charisma
E) seniority
13) All of the following are important situational factors that influence the leadership process in an
organization EXCEPT the ________.
A) purpose of the work performed
B) size of the organization
C) social climate
D) wages of the employees
14) The three styles of leadership are
A) high, low, and middle.
B) directive, participative, and free-rein.
C) traditional, modern, and new wave.
15) Researcher Barbara Kellerman states valuable insights can be gained by examining qualities of
poor leaders. According to her analysis, identify the six negative behaviors or flaws.
A) Lack of job knowledge, poor communication, low commitment, poor preparation, bullying
style, and negative attitude
B) Incompetence, rigidity, intemperance, callousness, corruption, and cruelty
C) Low trust, abrasive style, poor technical skill, inability to delegate, overly ambitious, and poor
time management
D) None of these
16) In the context of the negative flaws or behaviors of poor leaders studied by researcher Barbara
Kellerman, which of the following statements best describes intemperance?
A) The leader lacks will and skill to sustain effective action.
B) The leader is uncaring and unkind, discounting the needs of others.
C) The leader lacks self-control in personal habits and conduct.
D) The leader is closed-minded to new ideas, new information, or changing times.
17) Unlike promoted leaders, derailed leaders most likely ________.
A) lack technical expertise
B) lack ambition and career goals
C) are unable to delegate or build a team
D) are dumb and weak-minded
18) Which of the following is the most serious derailment pattern for leaders?
A) Inability to build positive relations with peers
B) Inability to build and lead a team
C) Inability to adapt to changing bosses, followers, and situations
D) Inadequate preparation for promotion
E) Failure to meet performance objectives
19) Which of the following characteristics of followers is most likely to influence the leadership
process?
A) An innate and learned competency
B) Genuine enthusiasm
C) A strong sense of purpose
D) Respect for authority
20) On the Interpersonal Trust Scale, an individual who scores 1.0–2.0 ________.
A) believes that people are essentially good and therefore readily trusts others
B) believes that most people seek personal advantage
C) is often easy to lead
D) trusts others temporarily but reserves final judgment
21) An individual who is easily persuaded and who should be encouraged to look at all sides of an
argument before making a decision is most likely to score ________ on the Interpersonal Trust
Scale.
A) 4.1–5.0
B) 3.1–4.0
C) 2.1–3.0
D) 1.0–2.0
22) Simone, a software engineer at CodeMe Inc., is usually suspicious of the motives of her
teammates. She prefers to work independently and is highly unlikely to ask for help or delegate her
task to others. On the Interpersonal Trust Scale, Simone most likely has a score of ________.
A) 4.1–5.0
B) 3.1–4.0
C) 2.1–3.0
D) 1.0–2.0
23) Which of the following statements is true about individuals who score 3.1–4.0 on the
Interpersonal Trust Scale?
A) They tend toward skepticism and self-reliance.
B) They believe that the best way to get something done is to do it themselves.
C) They have confidence in the basic decency of others.
D) They are often difficult to lead.
24) Identify a true statement about modern managers in Western society.
A) They are of the view that the practice of threatening employees is usually productive.
B) They view their task as one of motivating employees to do their best.
C) They function as enforcers and disciplinarians.
D) They believe that trust and respect should be demanded.
25) Which of the following qualities is common to both effective leaders and effective followers
and is necessary for organizational success?
A) Critical thinking
B) Extraversion
C) Openness to experience
D) Narcissism
26) Sergio Marchionne uses the ________ style of leading, Robert Selander uses the ________
style of leading, and Daniel Amos uses the ________ style of leading.
A) free-rein; directive; participative
B) directive; free rein; participative
C) participative; directive; free-rein
D) directive; participative; free-rein
27) Which of the following best describes “the dark side of leadership”?
A) The toxic effect a destructive leader has on individuals and organizations
B) The beginning phase of leadership before light and learning occur
C) The depression a leader experiences when times are difficult
D) The second half of a leader’s tenure in office
E) All of these
28) ________ thinking is needed when there is only one right answer; ________ thinking is
needed when there can be many right answers.
A) High; low
B) Abstract; concrete
C) Fluid; crystallized
D) Convergent; divergent
E) Pure; mixed
29) Identify a true statement about crystallized intelligence.
A) It focuses on the ability to process information rapidly in novel situations or when conventional
solutions fail.
B) It includes comprehension of information and the ability to communicate in oral and written
forms.
C) It tends to decrease in the twenties and thirties.
D) It includes reasoning, creative thinking, and memory.
30) Which of the following statements is true about fluid intelligence?
A) It represents one’s lifetime of intellectual attainments.
B) It focuses on the ability to solve problems within one’s area of expertise.
C) It includes reasoning, creative thinking, and memory.
D) It includes comprehension of information and the ability to communicate in oral and written
forms.
31) Kinds of intelligence include all of the following EXCEPT ________ intelligence.
A) verbal-linguistic
B) logical-mathematical
C) visual-spatial
D) permanent-irreducible
E) interpersonal
32) Individuals who have verbal-linguistic intelligence most likely ________.
A) explore patterns and relationships
B) have a good memory for names and places
C) engage in imagining things and working through mazes and puzzles
D) process knowledge through bodily sensations and use their body in skilled ways
33) Individuals who are comfortable focusing inward on thoughts and feelings, following personal
instincts, and pursuing goals that are original most likely have ________.
A) interpersonal intelligence
B) visual-spatial intelligence
C) bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
D) intrapersonal intelligence
34) People with well-developed visual-spatial abilities are most likely found in professions such as
________.
A) surgery
B) carpentry
C) teaching
D) swimming
35) Which of the following is most likely true of individuals who have interpersonal intelligence?
A) They respond with strong opinions when controversial topics are discussed.
B) They learn best by relating, sharing, and participating in cooperative group environments.
C) They respond best in situations that provide physical activities and hands-on learning
experiences.
D) They learn best by looking at pictures, watching videos or movies, and visualizing.
36) People who enjoy doing activities in sequential order and learn best by classifying information,
engaging in abstract thinking, and looking for basic principles most likely have ________.
A) musical-rhythmic intelligence
B) bodily-kinesthetic intelligence
C) logical-mathematical intelligence
D) visual-spatial intelligence
37) ________ writes, “The narcissistic person has built an invisible wall around himself. He is
everything, the world is nothing. Or rather: He is the world.”
A) Henry Ford
B) Sigmund Freud
C) Steve Jobs
D) Erich Fromm
38) Given the importance of civility, which of the following should leaders ask in every interaction
with an employee?
A) Does the employee have a disciplinary record?
B) Does the employee have a dispute with management?
C) Is my behavior demonstrating the power of my position?
D) Is my behavior lifting people up, or is my behavior shutting them down?
39) Professor William Shadle identifies three fears to avoid in building trust with employees,
which are
A) fear of the past, fear of the present, and fear of the future.
B) don’t be afraid to say “I don’t know,” don’t be afraid to say “I made a mistake,” and don’t be
afraid to say “please” and “thank you.”
C) fear of omission, fear of commission, and fear of confusion.
D) don’t be afraid of failure, don’t be afraid of success, and don’t be afraid of not trying.
40) Relevant subject matter expertise helps a leader
A) avoid criticism.
B) reduce complexity.
C) end complacency.
D) build a team, set the right goals, and achieve results.
41) Which of the following is most likely a characteristic of the directive style of leadership?
A) Give-and-take
B) Formal structure
C) Individualism
D) Creativity and innovation
42) Which of the following statements is most likely true of free-rein followers?
A) They usually perform well on task forces, committees, and other work teams.
B) They usually do their best work when job duties are spelled out and direct orders are given.
C) They usually do their best work on special assignments and independent projects.
D) They usually are upset by leaders who ignore the open-door policy and show little concern for
people’s feelings.
43) Which of the following statements is most likely true of participative followers?
A) They do their best work on special assignments and independent projects.
B) They respond best to individual treatment and personal freedom.
C) They do their best work when job duties are spelled out and direct orders are given.
D) They want open communication and active involvement in the decision-making process.
44) Compared with others, a free-rein style of leading is most appropriate when followers score
high on ________.
A) interest level
B) need for structure
C) teamwork
D) open communication
45) Unlike traditional duties, identify a new demand that leaders must meet when dealing with a
wide variety of employees along a full range of skills.
A) Manipulating individuals
B) Developing people
C) Implementing plans
D) Organizing work
46) Narcissism is a particularly destructive leadership quality.
47) Narcissists blame themselves for the failure of their companies and tend to apologize even
when others are at fault.
48) An individual who scores 1.0–2.0 on the Interpersonal Trust Scale believes that the best course
of action is self-protection.
49) The leader of a small organization devotes efforts primarily to the organization’s public image
and its investment and growth plans.
50) Generally, leader-centered decision making is more effective than employee-centered decision
making when there is an increased sense of urgency.
51) Leadership studies show that, generally, a nondirective and supportive approach is best when
the work to be done is clear-cut, routine, or monotonous.
52) The best style of leadership depends on the qualities of leaders, the characteristics of followers,
and the nature of situation.
53) People who have highly developed bodily-kinesthetic abilities include carpenters, soldiers,
mechanics, dancers, gymnasts, swimmers, and other athletes.
54) People who have visual-spatial intelligence like to draw, build, design, and create things.
55) Body language is most likely to communicate and even create self-confidence.
16
Match the items below with their descriptions:
A) the nature of effective leadership
B) situational factors influencing the leadership process
C) principles for developing trust
D) qualities that mark a leader
56) vision, ability, concern for people, persistence, vitality, integrity
57) size of the organization, psychological climate, patterns of employment, type and purpose of
the work performed
58) deal openly with everyone, consider all points of views, keep promises, care about people
59) art