The Art of Leadership, 6e (Manning)
Chapter 2 The Leadership Equation
1) Early studies of leadership were based on two main theories, which were ________ theories.
A) ancient and modern
B) male and female
C) centralized and decentralized
D) trait and behavior
E) time-sensitive and timeless
2) Which of the following are almost always included in lists of important leadership traits?
A) Basic intelligence
B) Clear and strong values
C) A high level of personal energy
D) All of these
3) Which of the following statements is true about the trait theory of leadership?
A) It rejects the idea that there is one best leader and one best style for all situations.
B) It states that there are distinctive actions that effective leaders take.
C) It rejects the idea that distinctive physical and psychological characteristics account for
leadership effectiveness.
D) It focuses on qualities that mark a leader, such as intelligence, integrity, and energy.
4) Edwin Ghiselli identified six traits as being important for effective leadership. Which of the
following best describes supervisory ability?
A) Being a self-starter
B) Having good reasoning and thinking capacity
C) Making difficult decisions without undue hesitation
D) Getting the job done through others
5) Sean, a sales manager at MusicForAll Inc., constantly seeks responsibility and works hard to
succeed at his workplace. In the context of Edwin Ghiselli’s traits for effective leadership, which
of the following traits is most likely illustrated by Sean’s behavior in this scenario?
A) Neuroticism
B) Initiative
C) Supervisory ability
D) Need for achievement
6) Which of the following theories focuses on leadership style, such as autocratic, democratic, and
laissez-faire, as well as leadership dimensions, such as initiating structure and showing
consideration?
A) The behavior theory of leadership
B) The trait theory of leadership
C) The great man theory
D) The dual-process theory
7) In the context of leadership styles, which of the following statements is true about the autocratic
style?
A) Emphasis is on equality and group decision making.
B) It refers to an empowering and participative style of leadership.
C) It is characterized by minimum control and maximum innovation.
D) Power is exercised by a dominant and dictatorial individual.
8) In the context of leadership styles, the laissez-faire style pertains to a form or style of leadership
________.
A) that is characterized by minimum control and maximum freedom
B) in which focus is on equality, shared power, and group decision making
C) that is directive and leader-centered
D) in which power is exercised by a dominant and dictatorial individual
9) Which of the following dimensions of leadership behavior refers to the extent to which leaders
take action to define the relationship between themselves and their staff, as well as the role that
they expect each staff member to assume?
A) Showing consideration
B) Initiating structure
C) Goal emphasis
D) Work facilitation
10) In the context of the managerial (leadership) grid for leadership effectiveness, which of the
following managers has low concern for both production and people?
A) The status quo manager
B) The sweatshop manager
C) The impoverished manager
D) The country club manager
11) In the context of the managerial (leadership) grid for leadership effectiveness, which of the
following statements is true about country club managers?
A) They focus on being agreeable and keeping human relations smooth.
B) They are results driven, and people are regarded as tools to that end.
C) They are uninvolved in the work and withdraw from people.
D) They care intensely about task accomplishment.
12) Who among the following once said, “THE EAR OF THE LEADER must ring with the voices
of the people. Together they rise to the challenge of the day.”?
A) George Patton
B) Will Durant
C) Kurt Lewin
D) Woodrow Wilson
E) None of these
13) Daphne, a marketing manager at Bill Boards Inc., is results driven and regards her team
members as tools to achieve her targets. In the context of the managerial (leadership) grid for
leadership effectiveness, Daphne most likely exemplifies the ________ in this scenario.
A) impoverished manager
B) sweatshop manager
C) fully functioning manager
D) status quo manager
14) Which of the following theories holds that multiple leadership variables determine the
probability that leadership will occur, including the qualities of a leader, the characteristics of
followers, and the nature of a situation?
A) Leadership trait theory
B) Leadership behavior theory
C) Leadership contingency theory
D) Implicit leadership theory
15) Edwin Ghiselli identified six traits as being important for effective leadership. These traits do
NOT include ________.
A) need for achievement
B) intelligence
C) decisiveness
D) self-confidence
E) social status
16) Edwin Ghiselli identified six traits as being important for effective leadership. Which of the
following is NOT one of them?
A) Supervisory ability
B) Initiative
C) Intelligence
D) Strong ego
17) The cornerstones of Shackleton’s leadership behavior do NOT include ________.
A) leading by example
B) communicating a vision
C) keeping records
D) maintaining a positive attitude
18) Unlike transformational leaders, transactional leaders ________.
A) increase the achievement of followers beyond previous expectations
B) focus on the potentialities of the relationship between the leader and followers
C) ignite the motives of their followers to take action
D) focus on exchanges between leaders and followers
19) An ideal example of a transformational leader is ________. Her mission was to care for, in her
own words, “the hungry, the naked, the homeless, the crippled, the blind, the lepers, all those
people who feel unwanted, unloved, uncared for throughout society, people who have become a
burden to the society and are shunned by everyone.”
A) Eleanor Roosevelt
B) Saint Teresa
C) Clara Barton
D) Florence Nightingale
20) In the case study, Mr. Black, Ms. Blue, and Mr. White, the three supervisors have poor time
management, exhibit bullying behavior, and lack job knowledge.
21) Behavioral leadership theories assume that there are distinctive actions that effective leaders
take.
22) The four cornerstones of Ernest Shackleton’s leadership behavior are leading by example,
communicating a vision, keeping up morale, and maintaining a positive attitude.
23) The characteristics of charismatic leaders include being experienced, having technical
knowledge, and having a strong need for control.
24) James MacGregor Burns uses Gandhi as an example of a transactional leader.
Match the items below with their descriptions:
A) basic intelligence, clear and strong values, and a high level of personal energy
B) a distinguishing characteristic
C) developed an assessment instrument known as the Leader Behavior Description Questionnaire
(LBDQ)
D) one’s bearing, demeanor, and conduct
E) initiating structure, showing consideration
F) autocratic, democratic, laissez-faire
G) believed that leadership ability was determined by two primary qualities—intelligence and
vitality
H) effectiveness depends on leader, follower, and situational factors
I) the ability to elevate a follower’s performance beyond previous expectations
25) trait
26) Contingency theory
27) behavior
28) transformational leadership
29) Ralph Stogdill
10
30) Von Hindenburg
31) important leadership traits
32) dimensions of leadership
33) styles of leadership
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 02-02 Understand trait and behavior theories of leadership.; 02-01 Describe
the variables that determine leadership effectiveness.
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