The Art of Leadership, 6e (Manning)
Chapter 15 The Role of Personality
1) Who among the following is comfortable with rules, policies, and procedures?
A) Traditionals
B) Participatives
C) Individualists
D) None of these
2) Which of the following statements is true about a cardinal disposition?
A) This disposition usually functions on the periphery of a person’s personality.
B) This disposition is less conspicuous and less consistent than secondary traits.
C) This powerful disposition shapes a person’s core identity.
D) This disposition includes traits that people are highly likely to mention in writing letters of
recommendation.
3) In the context of the styles of interpersonal relations, traditionals are most likely characterized
by a need for ________.
A) human interaction and warm relationships
B) structure, order, and consistency
C) freedom, innovation, and creativity
D) peace and harmony
4) Individualists provide ________.
A) creativity
B) clarity of direction
C) consistency
D) warmth and support
5) In the context of the styles of interpersonal relations, meeting the needs of participatives most
likely includes ________.
A) respecting traditions and being clear and logical when giving orders
B) keeping human relations smooth and considering personal feelings
C) treating them as separate entities
D) avoiding rigid controls and close supervision
6) The time perspective for individualists is the ________.
A) present
B) future
C) near future
D) past
7) Who among the following prefers growth through introspection and self-analysis?
A) Traditionalists
B) Participatives
C) Individualists
D) None of these
8) In the context of the styles of interpersonal relations, individualists are most likely to
A) instill team spirit.
B) generate new ideas and creativity.
C) give encouragement to others.
D) provide stability and discipline.
9) Identify a true statement about traditionals.
A) Social ties are their preferred form of control.
B) Discussion and agreement with others are the basis of action for them.
C) They believe highest allegiance should go to superordinate powers.
D) They are especially uncomfortable with close supervision.
10) Identify a true statement about participatives.
A) They prefer growth through introspection and self-analysis.
B) They accept confrontation and interpersonal conflicts as a way of life.
C) Discussion and agreement with others are the basis of action for them.
D) Assignments that allow as much freedom as possible are ideal for them.
11) Identify a true statement about individualists.
A) They appreciate job descriptions with responsibilities clearly defined.
B) They believe highest allegiance should go to superordinate powers.
C) They assign first responsibility for their own actions to their own conscience.
D) They prefer interpersonal commitment as a form of control.
12) Participatives
A) need immediate rewards for good performance.
B) should be included in the decision-making process.
C) need tangible awards for their services.
D) work best with individual job assignments rather than with group work.
13) Which of the following guidelines is most likely useful in meeting the needs of traditionals?
A) Providing an organization chart showing reporting relationships
B) Providing opportunity for off-the-job social interaction
C) Providing opportunities for growth through exploration and self-discovery
D) Providing individual job assignments, and assigning work by projects when possible
14) Which of the following guidelines is most likely useful in meeting the needs of participatives?
A) Providing growth opportunities through in-service training and staff development programs
B) Accentuating reason over emotion when handling problems
C) Providing individual job assignments, and assigning work by projects when possible
D) Providing an organization chart showing reporting relationships and respecting the chain of
command
15) Which of the following guidelines is most likely useful in meeting the needs of individualists?
A) Accentuating reason over emotion when handling problems
B) Providing immediate reward for good performance
C) Reinforcing company loyalty through service pins, award banquets, and personal appreciation
D) Providing work rules and job descriptions with duties spelled out in priority order
16) Confucian ideals of filial loyalty and five right relationships form the basis of much of East
Asian culture. Identify one of these relationships.
A) Between father and son
B) Between ruler and subject
C) Between husband and wife
D) Between friend and friend
E) All of these
17) Identify the five robust dimensions or traits, each of which shows considerable stability from
one situation to another and over time, as well as across cultures.
A) Responsibility, generosity, independence, peacefulness, and stability
B) Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism
C) None of these
18) Which of the following Big Five personality traits is most strongly associated with leadership
effectiveness?
A) Neuroticism
B) Openness to experience
C) Extroversion
D) Conscientiousness
19) When solving personality differences, Saint Augustine suggested to ________.
A) see everything
B) overlook a lot
C) change a little
D) hear the other side
20) Research shows that ________, ________, and ________ represent a common underlying
characteristic broadly described as “getting along.”
A) high extroversion; high openness to experience; high neuroticism
B) low openness to experience; high agreeableness; low conscientiousness
C) low neuroticism; high extroversion; low openness to experience
D) high conscientiousness; high agreeableness; low neuroticism
21) According to studies of boys’ gangs, who among the following is best described as an
individual who is younger, physically disabled, or otherwise different from other members of the
group in a way that they consider inferior?
A) A mascot
B) A scapegoat
C) A court jester
D) An advocate
22) According to educator S.I. Hayakawa, which of the following is the primary goal of a human
being?
A) Not submission but domination
B) Not survival but growth
C) Not personal expression but social interaction
D) Not self-preservation but preservation of the symbolic self
E) None of these
23) Which of the following messages is illustrated by the story “The mask”?
A) The importance of self-concept
B) The importance of art
C) The importance of time
D) The importance of power
E) None of these
24) Which of the following statements is most likely true about people high in openness to
experience?
A) They are more strongly influenced by environment than heredity.
B) They tend to be broad-minded, creative, insightful, and curious.
C) They represent an underlying characteristic broadly described as “getting along.”
D) They are unlikely to emerge as leaders.
25) The qualities that are associated with jobs requiring high social contact and service to others
are most likely found in people high in ________.
A) extroversion
B) openness to experience
C) conscientiousness
D) agreeableness
26) All of the following statements are true EXCEPT
A) high conscientiousness underlies deliberation.
B) high extroversion underlies communication.
C) high agreeableness underlies harmony.
D) high openness to experience underlies creativity.
E) high neuroticism underlies stability.
27) Self-concept is singularly the most important determinant of the quality of a person’s life.
28) Traditionals provide systems and procedures that allow a lot of people to work together in an
organized way.
29) Participatives most likely bring roots, stability, and discipline that every organization needs if
it is going to grow and prosper.
30) Individualists are the harmonizing agents needed by every family, work group, and
organization.
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Match the items below with their descriptions:
A) how individuals and groups can be different
B) steps to improve communication when solving personality differences
C) valuing freedom, providing creativity
D) value teamwork, provide communication
E) valuing tradition, providing organization
31) participatives
32) talk it out; be understanding; be flexible; be tolerant
33) styles of interpersonal relations
34) individualists
35) traditionals