72.
The main reason for the loss of productivity in brainstorming is ________.
A.
complex mental models
B.
groupthink
C.
production blocking
D.
bounded rationality
Brainstorming is very useful in some problem-solving situations, but sometimes individuals
working alone can generate more alternatives. The main reason for the loss of productivity
in brainstorming appears to be production blocking, which occurs because group members
cannot always simultaneously make sense of all the alternatives being generated, think up
additional alternatives, and remember what they were thinking.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 05-04 Explain the role that organizational learning and creativity play in helping managers to improve
their decisions.
Topic: Learning Organization
73.
Which of the following is most likely to be a disadvantage of brainstorming in an
organization?
A.
Group members are allowed to criticize an alternative when it is described and it leads
to confusion.
B.
It supports only a limited number of ideas.
C.
It discourages group members to build on each other’s suggestions.
D.
Group members cannot always simultaneously understand the alternatives and think
up additional alternatives.
The main reason for the loss of productivity in brainstorming appears to be production
blocking, which occurs because group members cannot always simultaneously make
sense of all the alternatives being generated, think up additional alternatives, and
remember what they were thinking.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 05-04 Explain the role that organizational learning and creativity play in helping managers to improve
their decisions.
Topic: Learning Organization
74.
Sometimes in a brainstorming session, group members cannot simultaneously make sense
of all the alternatives being generated, think up additional alternatives, or remember what
they were thinking. This problem is known as ________.
A.
production blocking
B.
groupthink
C.
nominal group problem
D.
bounded rationality
Production blocking occurs because group members cannot always simultaneously make
sense of all the alternatives being generated, think up additional alternatives, and
remember what they were thinking.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 05-04 Explain the role that organizational learning and creativity play in helping managers to improve
their decisions.
Topic: Learning Organization
75.
When an issue is controversial and when different managers might be expected to
champion different courses of action, which of the following is the preferred technique for
encouraging creativity?
A.
Production blocking technique
B.
Brainstorming technique
C.
Team learning technique
D.
Nominal group technique
The nominal group technique is especially useful when an issue is controversial and when
different managers might be expected to champion different courses of action.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 05-04 Explain the role that organizational learning and creativity play in helping managers to improve
their decisions.
Topic: Learning Organization
76.
In a meeting, after hearing a member describe a problem to be addressed, all other
members of the group first wrote down ideas and solutions. After this, everyone shared
those suggestions without criticism. The group, one by one, clarified, critiqued, and then
discussed the alternatives in the sequence in which they were first proposed. Finally, each
member ranked all the alternatives, and the highest-ranking alternative was chosen.
Which of the following decision-making techniques is being implemented?
A.
Delphi technique
B.
Dialectical inquiry
C.
Brainstorming
D.
Nominal group technique
In the nominal group technique, the following procedure is used: (1) One manager outlines
the problem to be addressed, and 30 or 40 minutes are allocated for group members,
working individually, to write down their ideas and solutions. (2) Managers take turns
reading their suggestions to the group. One manager writes all the alternatives on a flip
chart. No criticism or evaluation of alternatives is allowed until all alternatives have been
read. (3) The alternatives are then discussed in the sequence in which they were first
proposed. (4) When all alternatives have been discussed, each group member ranks all the
alternatives from most preferred to least preferred, and the alternative that receives the
highest ranking is chosen.
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 05-04 Explain the role that organizational learning and creativity play in helping managers to improve
their decisions.
Topic: Learning Organization
77.
Which of the following is a way to bring distant managers together to brainstorm and is a
written approach to creative problem solving?
A.
Brainstorming
B.
Dialectical inquiry
C.
Delphi technique
D.
Nominal group technique
One way to bring distant managers together to brainstorm is to use the Delphi technique,
a written approach to creative problem solving. The questionnaire is sent to the managers
and departmental experts who are most knowledgeable about the problem. They are
asked to generate solutions and mail the questionnaire back to the group leader.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 05-04 Explain the role that organizational learning and creativity play in helping managers to improve
their decisions.
Topic: Learning Organization
78.
Which of the following is a part of the Delphi technique of group decision making?
A.
Group members write down, read their suggestions, discuss, and then rank the
alternatives.
B.
Group members engage in videoconferencing and present their ideas.
C.
Group members respond in writing to questions posed by the group leader.
D.
Five to 15 managers meet in a closed-door session and decide for the group.
One way to bring distant managers together to brainstorm is to use the Delphi technique,
a written approach to creative problem solving. The questionnaire is sent to the managers
and departmental experts who are most knowledgeable about the problem. They are
asked to generate solutions and mail the questionnaire back to the group leader.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 05-04 Explain the role that organizational learning and creativity play in helping managers to improve
their decisions.
Topic: Learning Organization
79.
An individual who looks for opportunities and is aware of mobilizing the resources required
for producing new and improved goods and services is called a(n) ________.
A.
decision maker
B.
entrepreneur
C.
advocate
D.
steward
Entrepreneurs are individuals who notice opportunities and decide how to mobilize the
resources necessary to produce new and improved goods and services. Entrepreneurs
make all of the planning, organizing, leading, and controlling decisions necessary to start
new business ventures.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 05-04 Explain the role that organizational learning and creativity play in helping managers to improve
their decisions.
Topic: Entrepreneurship
80.
Individuals who pursue opportunities to address social problems and needs in order to
improve society and well-being, such as reducing poverty, are known as ________.
A.
social entrepreneurs
B.
social-thinkers
C.
ethical entrepreneurs
D.
nominal group entrepreneurs
Social entrepreneurs are individuals who pursue initiatives and opportunities to address
social problems and needs in order to improve society and well-being, such as reducing
poverty, increasing literacy, protecting the natural environment, or reducing substance
abuse. Social entrepreneurs seek to mobilize resources to solve social problems through
creative solutions.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 05-05 Describe how managers can encourage and promote entrepreneurship to create a learning
organization, and differentiate between entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs.
Topic: Entrepreneurship
81.
When entrepreneurs believe that they are responsible for what happens to them and that
their own actions determine important outcomes such as the success or failure of a new
business, they are likely to have ________.
A.
an external locus of control
B.
less openness to experience
C.
moderate need for achievement
D.
an internal locus of control
Entrepreneurs are likely to have a high level of self-esteem and feel competent and
capable of handling most situations, including the stress and uncertainty surrounding a
plunge into a risky new venture. Entrepreneurs are likely to have an internal locus of
control, believing that they are responsible for what happens to them and that their own
actions determine important outcomes such as the success or failure of a new business.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 05-05 Describe how managers can encourage and promote entrepreneurship to create a learning
organization, and differentiate between entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs.
Topic: Entrepreneurship
82.
An entrepreneur is likely to have ________.
A.
a reluctance to try new experiences
B.
high self-esteem
C.
high need for affiliation
D.
an external locus of control
Entrepreneurs are likely to have a high level of self-esteem and feel competent and
capable of handling most situations, including the stress and uncertainty surrounding a
plunge into a risky new venture. Entrepreneurs are likely to have an internal locus of
control, believing that they are responsible for what happens to them and that their own
actions determine important outcomes such as the success or failure of a new business.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 05-05 Describe how managers can encourage and promote entrepreneurship to create a learning
organization, and differentiate between entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs.
Topic: Entrepreneurship
83.
A manager who takes “ownership” of a project and provides the leadership and vision that
takes a commodity from the idea stage to the final customer is a product ________.
A.
innovator
B.
advocate
C.
champion
D.
satisficer
One way to promote intrapreneurship is to encourage individuals to assume the role of
product champion, a manager who takes “ownership” of a project and provides the
leadership and vision that take a product from the idea stage to the final customer.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 05-05 Describe how managers can encourage and promote entrepreneurship to create a learning
organization, and differentiate between entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs.
Topic: Entrepreneurship
84.
Brayden belongs to a group of intrapreneurs who are intensely involved in the
development of a new product, devoting all their attention to its development with secret
functioning and speculation about its goals. Which of the following identifies the group
that Brayden belongs to?
A.
Skunkworks
B.
Devil’s advocacy
C.
Organizational group
D.
Satisficing
A skunkworks is a group of intrapreneurs who are deliberately separated from the normal
operation of an organization to encourage them to devote all their attention to developing
new products. The idea is that if these people are isolated, they will become so intensely
involved in a project that development time will be relatively brief and the quality of the
final product will be enhanced. The secrecy with which this unit functioned and
speculation about its goals led others to refer to it as “the skunkworks.”
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 05-05 Describe how managers can encourage and promote entrepreneurship to create a learning
organization, and differentiate between entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs.
Topic: Skunkworks
5-74
85.
A group of intrapreneurs who are separated from the normal operation of an organization
in order to develop new products with a relatively brief development time is known as a(n)
________.
A.
product champion
B.
innovator
C.
skunkworks
D.
satisficer
A skunkworks is a group of intrapreneurs who are deliberately separated from the normal
operation of an organization to encourage them to devote all their attention to developing
new products. The idea is that if these people are isolated, they will become so intensely
involved in a project that development time will be relatively brief and the quality of the
final product will be enhanced.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 05-05 Describe how managers can encourage and promote entrepreneurship to create a learning
organization, and differentiate between entrepreneurs and intrapreneurs.
Topic: Skunkworks
Essay Questions
86.
Compare and contrast programmed and nonprogrammed decision–making in
organizations.
Programmed decision-making is routine and automatic. It arises in situations that an
organization has faced many times before, and for which it can develop rules and
guidelines to be applied. Nonprogrammed decision making is nonroutine. It arises in
situations that are new, ambiguous, and/or complex. No ready–made decision rules have
been set down. The likelihood of error is much greater in nonprogrammed decision making
than in programmed decision making.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 05-01 Understand the nature of managerial decision making, differentiate between programmed and
nonprogrammed decisions, and explain why nonprogrammed decision making is a complex, uncertain process.
Topic: Non-Programmed Decisions
Topic: Programmed Decisions