52.
Social structure is the traditional system of relationships established between ________ in
a society.
A.
people and values
B.
people and groups
C.
attitudes and values
D.
modernity and tradition
Social structure is the arrangement of relationships between people and groups in a
society.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 04-03 Identify the main forces in the global task and general environments, and describe the
challenges that each force presents to managers.
Topic: Globalization
53.
The collection of values that a society considers important and the norms of behavior that
are approved by the society are known as ________.
A.
B.
economies of scale
C.
the national culture
D.
demographic forces
National culture is the set of values that a society considers important and the norms of
behavior that are approved or sanctioned in that society.
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 04-03 Identify the main forces in the global task and general environments, and describe the
challenges that each force presents to managers.
Topic: Culture
54.
In the United States individualism is highly valued, and in Japan individuals are expected
to conform to group expectations. The two countries differ in terms of their ________
force.
A.
demographic
B.
economic
C.
sociocultural
D.
political
Societies differ substantially in the values and norms that they emphasize. For example, in
the United States individualism is highly valued, and in Korea and Japan individuals are
expected to conform to group expectations. Sociocultural forces are pressures emanating
from the social structure of a country or society or from the national culture, such as the
concern for diversity.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 04-03 Identify the main forces in the global task and general environments, and describe the
challenges that each force presents to managers.
Topic: Individualism
55.
Today in most industrialized nations, as a consequence of falling birth and death rates, the
absolute number of older people has increased substantially. This is an example of
________ change.
A.
sociocultural
B.
economic
C.
political
D.
demographic
Demographic forces are outcomes of changes in, or changing attitudes toward, the
characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, ethnic origin, race, sexual orientation,
and social class.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Understand
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 04-03 Identify the main forces in the global task and general environments, and describe the
challenges that each force presents to managers.
Topic: Demographics
56.
Karen, an executive at Brandon’s Department Store, finds that the median age of the
population in the chain’s region is increasing by about three years every decade. This is an
example of which type of force in the general environment?
A.
Political
B.
Economic
C.
Demographic
D.
Sociocultural
Demographic forces are outcomes of changes in, or changing attitudes toward, the
characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, ethnic origin, race, sexual orientation,
and social class.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 04-03 Identify the main forces in the global task and general environments, and describe the
challenges that each force presents to managers.
Topic: Demographics
57.
The population of the United States is shifting from the Northeast to the Southwest. This
is an example of which type of force in the general environment?
A.
Political
B.
Legal
C.
Sociocultural
D.
Demographic
Demographic forces are outcomes of changes in, or changing attitudes toward, the
characteristics of a population, such as age, gender, ethnic origin, race, sexual orientation,
and social class.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 04-03 Identify the main forces in the global task and general environments, and describe the
challenges that each force presents to managers.
Topic: Demographics
58.
Deregulation and privatization are a part of which of the following forces in the general
environment?
A.
Political and legal
B.
Technological
C.
Sociocultural
D.
Economic
Deregulation, privatization, and the removal of legal barriers to trade are a few of the many
ways in which changing political and legal forces can challenge organizations and
managers.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 04-03 Identify the main forces in the global task and general environments, and describe the
challenges that each force presents to managers.
Topic: Competitive Environment
59.
A tax that a government imposes on goods imported into the country is known as a(n)
________.
A.
sanction
B.
quota
C.
embargo
D.
tariff
A tariff is a tax that a government imposes on imported or, occasionally, on exported
goods.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 04-04 Explain why the global environment is becoming more open and competitive, and identify the
forces behind the process of globalization that increase the opportunities, complexities, challenges, and threats managers
face.
Topic: Globalization
60.
The U.S. government imposes a 25 percent tax on the selling price of any four-wheel-drive
SUV that is brought into the U.S. by a foreign car manufacturer to be sold in the U.S. What
type of tax is being imposed by the U.S. government?
A.
An export tariff
B.
An import tariff
C.
A franchise tax
D.
A licensing tax
A tariff is a tax that a government imposes on imported or, occasionally, on exported
goods. The aim of import tariffs is to protect domestic industries and jobs, such as those
in the auto or steel industry, from overseas competition by raising the price of goods from
abroad.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 04-04 Explain why the global environment is becoming more open and competitive, and identify the
forces behind the process of globalization that increase the opportunities, complexities, challenges, and threats managers
face.
Topic: Globalization
61.
Companies from the nation of Atlantis are more efficient in the production of certain types
of apparel, while companies from the U.S. are more efficient in the production of certain
types of computers. Which economic theory predicts that capital would move to Atlantis to
be invested there in the apparel industry, and to the United States to be invested in its
computer companies?
A.
Brand loyalty
B.
NAFTA
C.
The free-trade doctrine
D.
Collectivism
The free-trade doctrine predicts that the best use of global resources and lower prices will
occur if each country in such a situation focuses on producing what products it can
produce more efficiently.
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 04-04 Explain why the global environment is becoming more open and competitive, and identify the
forces behind the process of globalization that increase the opportunities, complexities, challenges, and threats managers
face.
Topic: Globalization
62.
Since 1948, the decline in tariff barriers achieved among the governments of developed
countries fell from over 40 percent to about ________ percent in 2000, causing a dramatic
increase in world trade.
A.
20
B.
14
C.
7
D.
3
On average, the tariff barriers among the governments of developed countries declined
from over 40 percent in 1948 to about 3 percent in 2000, causing a dramatic increase in
world trade.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 04-04 Explain why the global environment is becoming more open and competitive, and identify the
forces behind the process of globalization that increase the opportunities, complexities, challenges, and threats managers
face.
Topic: Globalization
63.
In the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA), what percentage of the tariffs on
the goods traded between Mexico, Canada, and the United States were to be abolished by
the year 2004?
A.
30 percent
B.
99 percent
C.
70 percent
D.
90 percent
In North America, NAFTA, which became effective on January 1, 1994, had the aim of
abolishing the tariffs on 99 percent of the goods traded between Mexico, Canada, and the
United States by 2004.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 04-04 Explain why the global environment is becoming more open and competitive, and identify the
forces behind the process of globalization that increase the opportunities, complexities, challenges, and threats managers
face.
Topic: Globalization
64.
Which of the following trade agreements was passed by the U.S. House of
Representatives to eliminate tariffs on products between the United States and all
countries in Central America?
A.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT)
B.
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
C.
Central American Free Trade Agreement (CAFTA)
D.
Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)
In July 2005, the U.S. House of Representatives approved the formation of CAFTA, a
regional trade agreement designed to eliminate tariffs on products between the United
States and all countries in Central America.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 04-04 Explain why the global environment is becoming more open and competitive, and identify the
forces behind the process of globalization that increase the opportunities, complexities, challenges, and threats managers
face.
Topic: Globalization
65.
The values, norms, knowledge, beliefs, moral principles, laws, customs, and other
practices that unite the citizens of a country are known as ________.
A.
representative democracy
B.
a free-trade economy
C.
the national culture
D.
culture shock
National culture includes the values, norms, knowledge, beliefs, moral principles, laws,
customs, and other practices that unite the citizens of a country.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 04-05 Discuss why national cultures differ and why it is important that managers be sensitive to the
effects of falling trade barriers and regional trade associations on the political and social systems of nations around the
world.
Topic: Culture
66.
In a society, the unwritten rules of conduct that state how people should act in particular
situations in that society are known as ________.
A.
values
B.
norms
C.
rituals
D.
goals
Norms are unwritten, informal codes of conduct that prescribe appropriate behavior in
particular situations and are considered important by most members of a group or
organization.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 04-05 Discuss why national cultures differ and why it is important that managers be sensitive to the
effects of falling trade barriers and regional trade associations on the political and social systems of nations around the
world.
Topic: Group Norms
67.
In the context of social norms, the customs and practices related to correct dress and
social manners are known as ________.
A.
folkways
B.
artifacts
C.
values
D.
rites
Folkways are the routine social conventions of everyday life. They concern customs and
practices such as dressing appropriately for particular situations, good social manners,
eating with the correct utensils, and neighborly behavior.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 04-05 Discuss why national cultures differ and why it is important that managers be sensitive to the
effects of falling trade barriers and regional trade associations on the political and social systems of nations around the
world.
Topic: Group Norms
68.
A society has a common practice that men should remove their hats whenever they ride in
elevators that are also carrying women. This is an example of which type of norm?
A.
Mores
B.
Folkways
C.
Rites
D.
Beliefs
Folkways are the routine social conventions of everyday life. They concern customs and
practices such as dressing appropriately for particular situations, good social manners,
eating with the correct utensils, and neighborly behavior.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 04-05 Discuss why national cultures differ and why it is important that managers be sensitive to the
effects of falling trade barriers and regional trade associations on the political and social systems of nations around the
world.
Topic: Group Norms
69.
Ideas about what a society believes to be good, right, desirable, or beautiful are called
________.
A.
values
B.
mores
C.
rites
D.
folkways
Values are beliefs about what a society considers to be good, right, desirable, or
beautiful—or their opposites. They provide the basic underpinnings for notions of
individual freedom, democracy, truth, justice, honesty, loyalty, social obligation, collective
responsibility, the appropriate roles for men and women, love, sex, marriage, and so on.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 3 Hard
Learning Objective: 04-05 Discuss why national cultures differ and why it is important that managers be sensitive to the
effects of falling trade barriers and regional trade associations on the political and social systems of nations around the
world.
Topic: Values
70.
The society of the nation of Atlantis has commonly accepted laws against driving while
intoxicated. This is an example of which type of norm?
A.
Mores
B.
Sanctions
C.
Folkways
D.
Rituals
Mores are norms that are considered to be central to the functioning of society and to
social life. Accordingly, the violation of mores can be expected to bring serious retribution.
AACSB: Reflective Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Apply
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 04-05 Discuss why national cultures differ and why it is important that managers be sensitive to the
effects of falling trade barriers and regional trade associations on the political and social systems of nations around the
world.
Topic: Group Norms
71.
Values are deeply embedded in society and ________.
A.
change through a slow and painful process
B.
are static and remain unchanged
C.
change quickly via smooth transitions
D.
are the same across all societies
Although deeply embedded in society, values are not static, they change over time, but
change is often the result of a slow and painful process.
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 04-05 Discuss why national cultures differ and why it is important that managers be sensitive to the
effects of falling trade barriers and regional trade associations on the political and social systems of nations around the
world.
Topic: Values
72.
Norms that are central to the functioning of a society and whose violation brings serious
retribution are known as ________.
A.
sanctions
B.
folkways
C.
mores
D.
rituals
Mores are norms that are considered to be of central importance to the functioning of
society and to social life. Accordingly, the violation of mores brings serious retribution.
Mores include proscriptions against murder, theft, adultery, and incest. In many societies
mores have been enacted into law.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 04-05 Discuss why national cultures differ and why it is important that managers be sensitive to the
effects of falling trade barriers and regional trade associations on the political and social systems of nations around the
world.
Topic: Group Norms
73.
People who violate folkways are often thought to be ________.
A.
powerful and socially refined
B.
immoral or wicked
C.
eccentric or ill-mannered
D.
ungodly and social outcasts
People who violate folkways are often thought to be eccentric or ill-mannered, but they
are not usually considered immoral or wicked.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 04-05 Discuss why national cultures differ and why it is important that managers be sensitive to the
effects of falling trade barriers and regional trade associations on the political and social systems of nations around the
world.
Topic: Group Norms
74.
If a society believes that self-expression is important to the people in that society, then
the society is said to value ________.
A.
collectivism
B.
individualism
C.
nurturing orientation
D.
uncertainty avoidance
Individualism is a worldview that values individual freedom and self-expression and
adherence to the principle that people should be judged by their individual achievements
rather than by their social background.
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 04-05 Discuss why national cultures differ and why it is important that managers be sensitive to the
effects of falling trade barriers and regional trade associations on the political and social systems of nations around the
world.
Topic: Individualism
75.
If a society values the group more than the individual, and believes that people should be
judged by the quality of their contribution to the group instead of their individual
achievement, then the society is said to value ________.
A.
individualism
B.
power distance
C.
collectivism
D.
objectivism
Collectivism is a worldview that values subordination of the individual to the goals of the
group and adherence to the principle that people should be judged by their contribution to
the group.
AACSB: Analytical Thinking
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 2 Medium
Learning Objective: 04-05 Discuss why national cultures differ and why it is important that managers be sensitive to the
effects of falling trade barriers and regional trade associations on the political and social systems of nations around the
world.
Topic: Individualism