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69.
Words Inc., Co. is a printing company that approaches customers directly to know their
requirements in detail, deliver the products before the scheduled time, and receive
feedback from the customers. Which of the following cultures does it exemplify?
A.
Innovative
B.
Entrepreneurial
C.
Organizational
D.
Conservative
E.
Imaginative
In essence, organizational culture reflects the distinctive ways in which organizational
members perform their jobs and relate to others inside and outside the organization.
70.
Which of the following reflects the distinctive ways in which organizational members
perform their jobs and relate to others inside and outside the organization?
A.
Organizational culture
B.
Organizational capital
C.
Organizational hierarchy
D.
Organizational planning
E.
Organizational structure
Organizational culture comprises the shared set of beliefs, expectations, values, norms,
and work routines that influence how members of an organization relate to one another
and work together to achieve organizational goals. In essence, organizational culture
reflects the distinctive ways in which organizational members perform their jobs and relate
to others inside and outside the organization.
71.
Which of the following posits that when founders hire employees for their new ventures,
they tend to be drawn to and choose employees whose personalities are similar to their
own?
A.
Equity theory
B.
Attraction-selection-attrition framework
C.
Belief-desire-intentional framework
D.
Organizational commitment
E.
Socialization
The attraction-selection-attrition (ASA) framework posits that when founders hire
employees for their new ventures, they tend to be attracted to and choose employees
whose personalities are similar to their own. These similar employees are more likely to
stay with the organization. Although employees who are dissimilar in personality might be
hired, they are more likely to leave the organization over time.
72.
________ signify what an organization and its employees are trying to accomplish.
A.
Emotions
B.
Moods
C.
Terminal values
D.
Instrumental values
E.
Attitudes
Shared terminal and instrumental values play a particularly important role in organizational
culture. Terminal values signify what an organization and its employees are trying to
accomplish, and instrumental values guide how the organization and its members achieve
organizational goals.
73.
________ guide how the organization and its members achieve organizational goals.
A.
Attitudes
B.
Emotions
C.
Moods
D.
Instrumental values
E.
Terminal values
Shared terminal and instrumental values play a particularly important role in organizational
culture. Terminal values signify what an organization and its employees are trying to
accomplish, and instrumental values guide how the organization and its members achieve
organizational goals.
74.
According to the ASA model, identify the person who is responsible for having profound
and long-lasting effects on organizational culture.
A.
Employees
B.
Managers
C.
Newcomers
D.
Founders
E.
Subordinates
From the ASA model just discussed, it is clear that founders of an organization can have
profound and long-lasting effects on organizational culture. Founders’ values inspire the
founders to start their own companies and, in turn, drive the nature of these new
companies and their defining characteristics.
75.
The process by which newcomers learn an organization’s values and norms and acquire
the work behaviors necessary to perform jobs effectively is known as organizational
________.
A.
conscientiousness
B.
socialization
C.
planning
D.
controlling
E.
agreeableness
Organizational socialization is the process by which newcomers learn an organization’s
values and norms and acquire the work behaviors necessary to perform jobs effectively.
As a result of their socialization experiences, organizational members internalize an
organization’s values and norms and behave in accordance with them not only because
they think they have to but because they think these values and norms describe the right
and proper way to behave.
76.
In Dave’s Steel Manufacturing Co., new employees go through a short orientation process
after their induction. During this process, they are told about the organization and its
history, values, jargon, culture, and procedures. They are then introduced to their work
group, the specific people they would work with, and are informed about their own role in
the organization, the skills needed to do their job, and both the formal procedures and
informal norms. This is an example of organizational ________.
A.
controlling
B.
planning
C.
socialization
D.
agreeableness
E.
conscientiousness
Organizational socialization is the process by which newcomers learn an organization’s
values and norms and acquire the work behaviors necessary to perform jobs effectively.
As a result of their socialization experiences, organizational members internalize an
organization’s values and norms and behave in accordance with them not only because
they think they have to but because they think these values and norms describe the right
and proper way to behave.
77.
The formal events that recognize incidents of importance to the organization as a whole
and to specific employees are known as ________.
A.
values
B.
rituals
C.
stories
D.
rites
E.
norms
One of the ways in which managers can create or influence organizational culture is by
developing organizational ceremonies and rites—formal events that recognize incidents of
importance to the organization as a whole and to specific employees. The most common
rites that organizations use to transmit cultural norms and values to their members are
rites of passage, of integration, and of enhancement.
78.
The rites of ________ determine how individuals enter, advance within, and leave the
organization.
A.
passage
B.
integration
C.
celebration
D.
inauguration
E.
enhancement
Rites of passage determine how individuals enter, advance within, and leave the
organization. These rites help the individuals to learn and internalize the norms and values
of the organization.
79.
Every year on the Saturday prior to Christmas, Smart Enterprises holds its annual holiday
party. This is an example of a rite of ________.
A.
enhancement
B.
integration
C.
inauguration
D.
celebration
E.
passage
Rites of integration, such as shared announcements of organizational successes, office
parties, and company cookouts, build and reinforce common bonds among organizational
members. These rites help the organization to build common norms and values within their
employees.
80.
Orbit Inc. puts out newspaper releases announcing employees’ promotions. This is an
example of a rite of ________.
A.
inauguration
B.
celebration
C.
integration
D.
passage
E.
enhancement
Rites of enhancement, such as awards dinners, newspaper releases, and employee
promotions, let organizations publicly recognize and reward employees’ contributions and
thus strengthen their commitment to organizational values. By bonding members within
the organization, rites of enhancement reinforce an organization’s values and norms.
81.
Which of the following is true of the planning process in an organization with an innovative
culture?
A.
It encourages lower-level managers to participate in the process.
B.
It rarely takes risks involving the development of new products.
C.
It emphasizes formal top–down planning.
D.
It subjects the suggestions from lower-level managers to a formal review process that
significantly slows decision making.
E.
It creates a well-defined hierarchy of authority and establishes clear reporting
relationships so that employees know exactly whom to report to.
Top managers in an organization with an innovative culture are likely to encourage lower–
level managers to participate in the planning process and develop a flexible approach to
planning. They are likely to be willing to listen to new ideas and to take risks involving the
development of new products. In contrast, top managers in an organization with
conservative values are likely to emphasize formal top-down planning. Suggestions from
lower-level managers are likely to be subjected to a formal review process, which can
significantly slow decision making.
82.
Which of the following is true of the managerial function of organizing in an organization
that has a conservative culture?
A.
It has a decentralized authority, which encourages employees to work together to solve
ongoing problems.
B.
It creates a well-defined hierarchy of authority and establishes clear reporting
relationships so that employees know exactly whom to report to.
C.
A product team structure is most suitable for an organization with a conservative
culture.
D.
Such organizations have a flat structure.
E.
Such organizations have fewer levels in the hierarchy.
Valuing creativity, managers in innovative cultures are likely to try to create an organic
structure—one that is flat, with few levels in the hierarchy, and one in which authority is
decentralized so employees are encouraged to work together to solve ongoing problems. A
product team structure may be suitable for an organization with an innovative culture. In
contrast, managers in a conservative culture are likely to create a well-defined hierarchy
of authority and establish clear reporting relationships so employees know exactly whom
to report to and how to react to any problems that arise.
83.
With regard to the managerial function of leading in an organization with an innovative
culture, managers ________.
A.
emphasize formal top-down communication
B.
emphasize caution and maintenance of the status quo and set specific goals
C.
are likely to lead by example, encouraging employees to take risks and experiment
D.
are likely to use management by objectives
E.
constantly monitor subordinates’ progress toward goals, overseeing their every move
In an innovative culture, managers are likely to lead by example, encouraging employees to
take risks and experiment. They are supportive regardless of whether employees succeed
or fail. In contrast, managers in a conservative culture are likely to use management by
objectives and to constantly monitor subordinates’ progress toward goals, overseeing their
every move.