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Chapter 01
Understanding Ethics
True / False Questions
1. The field of ethics is the study of how people try to live their lives according to a standard
of "right" or "wrong" behavior.
2. A society is a closed, confined unit in which people have to follow a distinct religion.
3. Moral standards are independent of religious beliefs.
4. Jason is a high-school senior whose peers are into drugs. He also has a family history of
substance abuse. This will have no impact on his moral standards.
5. Individuals acquire their personal moral standards in the same way that they learn the
alphabet.
6. Standards of ethical behavior are absorbed by osmosis as individuals observe the
examples, both positive and negative, set by everyone around them.
7. The term "morals" is applied to a society, while the term "values" is used when referring
to an individual.
8. A value system refers to a set of personal principles formalized into a code of behavior.
9. An intrinsic value means that the pursuit of one value is a good way to reach another
value.
10. Happiness and health are examples of instrumental values that are pursued to reach
another value.
11. Simple truth is one of the four basic categories of ethics and can be expressed simply as
doing the right thing.
12. Rules of appropriate individual behavior represent the idea that the moral standards we
develop for ourselves impact our lives on a daily basis in our behavior and the other types of
decisions we make.
13. "Do unto others as you would have them do unto you" is the Golden Rule.
14. Every religion in the world shares the Golden Rule.
15. Virtue ethics is the concept of living your life according to the similar virtues of different
societies.
16. The problem with virtue ethics is that societies can place different emphasis on different
virtues.
17. Ethics for the greater good is also referred to as utilitarianism.
18. The problem with ethics for the greater good is the idea that the ends justify the means.
19. The problem with utilitarianism is the focus on doing the most good for a select few, such
as Adolf Hitler and his idea of launching a national genocide against Jews on the ethical grounds
of restoring the Aryan race.
20. The concept of universal ethics argues that there are certain principles that should apply
to a select few ethical judgments.
21. The problem with universal ethics is the idea that the ends justify the means.
22. Ethical relativism is where the traditions of one's society, one‘s personal opinions, and the
circumstances of the present moment define one's ethical principles.
23. Applied ethics is the study of theories related to the Golden Rule.
24. Ethical dilemmas are the study of how ethical theories are put into practice.
25. An ethical dilemma is a situation in which there is no obvious right or wrong decision, but
rather a right or right answer.
26. The basic assumption of ethical theory is that a person as an individual or community is in
control of all the factors that influence the choices that he or she makes.
27. An ethical dilemma can be resolved with a satisfactory answer to the problem.
28. The first step in resolving an ethical dilemma is to analyze the actions.
29. Due to aggressive competition, Amanda feels pressured to copy an assignment from a
friend and the Internet to get good grades. She feels the professor would not be able to figure out
what she did. With this ethical dilemma, the first thing Amanda must do is analyze her actions
without thinking about consequences.
30. The final step in solving an ethical dilemma is to make a decision.
31. Arthur Dobrin identified 15 questions that one should consider when resolving an ethical
dilemma.
32. The process of ethical reasoning involves looking at the available information and then
drawing conclusions based on that information in relation to an individual's own ethical
standards.
33. Preconventional is the lowest level of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning.
34. At the lowest level of moral development, a person's response to a perception of right and
wrong is initially directly linked to the expectation of punishment or reward.
35. The last stage of Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning is conventional.
36. The third stage of Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning is law-and-order orientation.
37. In the third stage of Kohlberg's stages of ethical reasoning, a person is focused on
meeting the expectations of his friends and coworkers and how something will affect their lives.
38. The highest level of ethical reasoning is the postconventional level.
39. According to Kohlberg's framework, an individual can jump beyond the next stage of his
or her six stages.
40. Kohlberg stated that it would be impossible for a person to comprehend the moral issues
and dilemmas at a level far beyond his or her life experience and education.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
Blooms: Remember
Difficulty: 1 Easy
Learning Objective: 01-05 Explain an ethical dilemma and apply a process to resolve it.
Multiple Choice Questions
41. The field of _____ is the study of how people try to live their lives according to a standard
of "right" or "wrong" behavior.
42. Society refers to a(n):
43. Amanda and Ross have been chosen to go to Ethiopia for their university's International
Student Exchange Program. They read about the beliefs, attitudes, practices, norms, traditions,
cuisine, and music of Ethiopia to better adapt to the place. Amanda and Ross are reading about
the _____ aspect of Ethiopia.
44. Which of the following will most likely influence the moral standards of an individual?
45. Which of the following statements describe the terms "morals" and "values"?
46. _____ refers to a set of personal principles formalized into a code of behavior.
47. The quality by which a value is a good thing in itself and is pursued for its own sake,
whether anything comes from that pursuit or not, is called a(n) _____.
48. An example of intrinsic value is _____.
49. Riley was granted the title of Doctor of Medicine by a medical school in Ohio. His parents
were extremely happy and content with his achievement. The worth attached to the feelings
experienced by Riley's parents is an example of _____.
50. The quality by which the pursuit of one value is a good way to reach another value is
known as _____.
51. Identify an example of instrumental value.
52. Which of the following scenarios exemplifies instrumental value?
53. The difference between intrinsic value and instrumental value is that:
54. In the context of the basic categories of ethics, _____ is just doing the right thing, and it is
something most people can understand and support.
55. Which of the following is one of the four basic categories of ethics?
56. Which of the following best illustrates the concept of simple truth?
