3.7: Art of Europe and America, 1700 to 1865: Rococo to Realism
1. Which of the following influenced the art made from 1700 to 1865?
a. revolutions in France and America d. industrialization
b. the Enlightenment e. all of the other answers
c. the Age of Reason
2. Who called himself the Sun King?
a. Louis XIV d. Claude Monet
b. Napoleon Bonaparte e. none of the other answers
c. Napoleon III
3. The palace and gardens of Versailles were built by Marie Antoinette.
4. Where is the Hall of Mirrors?
a. the Louvre d. the Musée d’Orsay
b. Versailles e. Vierzehnheiligen
c. Monticello
5. Fragonard’s The Swing depicts:
a. a competition between two boys for a girl’s attention
b. an allegory of the victory of the French Republican party
c. a flirtation between two young lovers
d. an environmental message showing the grandeur of nature
e. none of the other answers
6. The presence of a bishop in Fragonard’s The Swing could suggest:
a. a game of chess
b. the Church’s lack of action against immoral behavior
c. that the lady was a nun
d. that Fragonard was a very religious man
e. none of the other answers
7. The ornate and fanciful style called Rococo was only fashionable in France.
8. Where is Vierzehnheiligen located?
a. America d. Italy
b. France e. Mexico
c. Germany
9. Rococo architecture, such as Johann Balthasar Neumann’s basilica of Vierzehnheiligen, preferred:
a. a striking monochrome scheme
b. delicate pastel colors
c. to create optical illusions with analogous colors
d. to let the color of the raw materials remain
e. none of the other answers
10. William Hogarth’s Marriage à-la-Mode series tells the story of:
a. a couple who secretly elope to spite their disapproving families
b. a teenage romance in an ice-cream shop
c. the trials of an arranged marriage in which the couple behave immorally
d. the life of a poor married couple from the point of view of their granddaughter
e. none of the other answers
11. William Hogarth had many of his paintings made into prints.
12. Write a detailed essay comparing Greuze’s The Marriage Contract with Hogarth’s The Marriage
Settlement. Both scenes depict the joining of a couple in marriage. Discuss the settings and moods
created within each scene, the relationship between the couples and their families, and the message
each artist was trying to convey.
13. Go to http://bit.ly/1BXBSOm and study the entire series of Marriage à-la-Mode. Consider how the
story evolves over six separate artworks. Write an essay in which you analyse the compositional
and narrative ways in which Hogarth threads the scenes together.
14. Salons, such as the one depicted in Pietro Martini’s print of 1785, were visited by:
a. academy painters only d. public, painters, and critics
b. royalty only e. none of the other answers
c. critics only
15. Pietro Martini’s print The Salon, of 1785, shows how the paintings were displayed ________.
a. according to a hierarchy
b. completely at random
c. in alphabetical order
d. on a first-come-first-served basis
e. according to the Queen’s preferences
16. In the French Academy, individual portraits and landscapes were considered as more valuable than
any other subject matter.
17. Neoclassical paintings, such as those by Jacques-Louis David and Angelica Kauffmann, ________.
a. are inspired by ancient Greece and Rome
b. convey a moral message
c. place an emphasis on civic duty
d. are serious in tone
e. all of the other answers
18. Jacques-Louis David’s painting The Oath of the Horatii is about:
a. the sacrifices of an ancient Roman family
b. the swearing-in of Ignatius Horatius
c. the Spanish rebels who fought Napoleon’s army
d. the Trojans preparing for the Battle of Troy
e. none of the other answers
19. It is a famous painting today, but Jacques–Louis David’s Oath of the Horatii was never exhibited
while the artist lived.
20. Compare the artworks and careers of Anne Vallayer-Coster and Elisabeth-Louise Vigée-Lebrun.
As two of the four female artists accepted to the French Academy during the eighteenth century,
explore how each artist manipulated subject matter and relationships to build their reputations.
How did each artist maneuver within the restrictions of the academy?
21. Angelica Kauffmann’s Cornelia Pointing to Her Children as Her Treasures is an excellent
example of the style known as realism.
22. Monticello was built for ________.
a. Louis XIV d. Benjamin Franklin
b. Louix XVI e. Queen Elizabeth I
c. Thomas Jefferson
23. New North American cities in the late eighteenth century chose neoclassicism as their architectural
style because:
a. it seemed exciting and exotic
b. it represented the ideals to which they aspired
c. Thomas Jefferson made it law
d. it was the only style of architecture that could withstand the climate
e. none of the other answers
24. Research the history of the building of Monticello. What earlier buildings influenced its design?
25. The subject of Eugène Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People is ________.
a. the American Revolution
b. the July Revolution of 1830 in France
c. the building of the Statue of Liberty
d. Joan of Arc in battle
e. none of the other answers
26. In Eugène Delacroix’s Liberty Leading the People, Liberty is ________.
a. a symbol of freedom d. the painter’s wife
b. a real woman who led the uprising e. none of the other answers
c. a Roman goddess
27. Compare Jacques-Louis David’s The Oath of the Horatii and Eugène Delacroix’s Liberty Leading
the People. How precisely do these paintings show the differences between Neoclassicism and
Romanticism?
28. In Francisco Goya’s Family of Charles IV:
a. the royal family is portrayed in an idealized way
b. the artist includes a portrait of himself standing at his easel
c. Charles IV is shown knighting his son, Ferdinand VII
d. the family are very simply dressed
e. none of the other answers
29. Goya painted a slightly unflattering portrait of the Spanish royal family because he strongly
disliked them and wanted to insult the king.
30. William Blake ________.
a. believed in personal and creative freedom
b. did not accept Christian values
c. rebelled against the teachings of the Royal Academy
d. was a Romanticist
e. all of the other answers
31. Compare Michelangelo’s Creation of Adam from the Sistine Chapel ceiling (3.6.7b) with William
Blake’s Elohim Creating Adam (3.7.17). First do a thorough formal analysis of both artworks.
Then discuss how the formal differences convey the contrasts in meaning of the two artworks.
32. What inspired Joseph Mallord William Turner to paint Slave Ship (3.7.18)?
a. a dream d. a poem
b. a book e. none of the other answers
c. a movie
33. The Hudson River School painted ________.
a. New York City d. portraits of New York artists
b. American landscapes e. none of the other answers
c. still lifes
34. Thomas Cole’s The Oxbow (3.7.19):
a. shows a view of the Connecticut River
b. exemplifies the idea of the sublime
c. includes an image of the artist
d. all of the previous answers
e. none of the previous answers
35. Gustave Courbet’s Stonebreakers alarmed upper-class viewers because it reminded them of recent
uprisings by the poor.
36. Gustave Courbet described his own work as “realist.”
37. Henry Ossawa Tanner was influenced by ________.
a. Frederic Edwin Church d. Francisco Goya
b. Rococo architecture e. none of the other answers
c. Gustave Courbet
38. Henry Ossawa Tanner’s The Banjo Lesson challenges negative stereotypes of African-Americans.
39. Artists in the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood were inspired by works from ________.
a. Classical Greece and Rome d. the Northern Renaissance
b. Egypt e. the Rococo period
c. the Middle Ages
40. John Everett Millais’s Ophelia was painted in one day and was inspired by a dream the artist had
after reading Hamlet.
41. In portrait photography of the 1860s, exposure times took:
a. seconds d. days
b. minutes e. photography was instant
c. hours
42. Thomas LeClear’s Interior with Portraits depicts a deceased brother and sister.