2.4: Sculpture
1. Which of these materials can be used to create a sculpture?
a. wax d. ice
b. stone e. all of the other answers
c. plastic
2. All sculptures have this characteristic in common:
a. they exist in three-dimensional space
b. they are made of solid materials
c. they are meant to last for many years
d. they are created for beauty
e. all of these answers
3. Another name for freestanding sculpture is ________.
a. in the round d. dynamic presence
b. bas-relief e. modeling
c. high relief
4. Unlike freestanding sculpture, this type of sculpture is created to be viewed from one side only.
a. relief d. modeling
b. in the round e. oast
c. dynamic presence
5. In freestanding sculpture, the artist entices the viewer to move around the work by creating a series
of changing ________.
a. planes d. ideas
b. colors e. materials
c. textures
6. If the intention of Giambologna’s Rape of a Sabine was to show off Florentine political might,
then a large-scale sculpture in the round was a good choice as it can be displayed to many people.
7. Sculptural monuments were important forms of public relations, as well as a source of civic pride.
Giambologna’s Rape of a Sabine was intended to communicate the growing power and influence
of Florence in a dynamic and beautiful way. Can you think of other circumstances where a
sculpture has been used to support the power of community or a community leader? Do you know
of any contemporary sculptures or memorials that serve a similar purpose to Bologna’s work?
8. The sculptural process in which the artist carves only in shallow depth is called ________.
a. bas-relief d. freestanding
b. high relief e. pinch
c. in the round
9. If a sculptor wanted to create a relief that was visible from more than one angle, bas-relief would
be a good method to use.
10. When a sculpture is designed to be viewed from one side, and protrudes dynamically from its
background plane or is carved with deeply incised marks, this is called ________.
a. high relief d. freestanding
b. bas-relief e. placid design
c. in the round
11. If an artist wanted to create a relief in which a tree appeared further away than a park bench,
carving the park bench more deeply (in high relief) would achieve this effect.
12. This nineteenth-century British sculptor, who created the Memorial to King Leopold of the
Belgians in a church in Esher, England, was a favorite sculptor to the British royal family.
a. Susan Durant d. Naum Gabo
b. Giambologna e. Antony Gormley
c. Michelangelo
13. Which of these is not a subtractive method of sculpting?
a. casting d. sawing
b. carving e. drilling
c. chiseling
14. Which of these is not an additive process of sculpting?
a. chiseling d. constructing
b. casting e. earthworks
c. modeling
15. When an artist is using the subtractive method of carving in stone, it makes no difference whether
or not the intended final shape extends beyond the dimensions of the original stone.
16. What is one of the main reasons that the creation of the Olmec colossal heads is so impressive?
a. they are lifelike individual portraits
b. they were created without metal tools
c. they can be seen from space
d. they were done by children
e. all of the other answers
Art
17. The Olmec Baby Figure (2.4.6) was created using both additive and subtractive sculpting
techniques in a material called kaolin, a fine, white __________.
a. clay d. metal
b. stone e. none of the other answers
c. wood
Art
18. Michelangelo believed ________ to be the finest and most challenging of all the visual arts.
a. sculpture d. digital art
b. painting e. architecture
c. drawing
19. The carving technique Michelangelo used for his sculpture Awakening Slave makes the figure
appear to be permanently trapped within the stone.
20. Michelangelo planned a grand sculptural scheme for the tomb of ________, although it was never
completed.
a. Pope Julius II d. Emperor Constantine
b. King Henry VIII of England e. Cosimo de’ Medici
c. King Francis I of France
21. The wooden statue of the Hawaiian war god Ku-ka’ili-moku (2.4.7) was created using this method
of sculpting:
a. carving d. constructing
b. casting e. earthworks
c. modeling
22. Wood is not strong enough to create freestanding sculptures more than about four feet tall.
23. Artists who model forms using soft, pliable materials, such as clay or wax, sometimes employ this
kind of support when creating their work.
a. an armature d. a patina
b. a kiln e. a chisel
c. calipers
24. Sometimes a sculpture can teach us about the way people from a particular culture lived. For
example, the two figures on the sarcophagus from Cerveteri (2.4.11) helped researchers to
understand that men and women held relatively equal status in ancient Etruscan society. Are there
other sculptures in this chapter that give us an insight into the way people lived? If so, which ones?
How do they accomplish this? If not, are there examples that you can find from other chapters or
sources?
25. This sculpting process involves adding a liquid or pliable material to a mold.
a. casting d. earthworks
b. chiseling e. readymades
c. constructing
26. Ancient Greek sculptors sometimes created cast sculptures from ________, an alloy of copper and
tin.
a. bronze d. aluminum
b. silver e. brass
c. steel
27. The name of this bronze-casting process relies on a modeled original form made from a pliable
material. This method is known as ________.
a. lost-wax casting d. cotton stretching
b. clay bonding e. gobbing
c. gum molding
28. Over time, exposure to the elements can add this surface coloration to metals. It can also be created
with the use of chemical preparations.
a. patina d. shingling
b. glaze e. repoussé
c. flashing
29. Sculptures created using this method often require the movement of large amounts of soil from one
location to another.
a. earthworks d. chiseling
b. casting e. readymades
c. constructing
30. This earthwork, constructed by the prehistoric inhabitants of North America, is located in Ohio.
a. Great Serpent Mound d. Pyramid of the Moon
b. Old Faithful e. Pyramid of the Sun
c. Cahokia Mounds
31. This American artist created a large earthwork titled Spiral Jetty in the Great Salt Lake in Utah in
1969–70.
a. Robert Smithson d. Damien Hirst
b. Marcel Duchamp e. Naum Gabo
c. Susan Durant
32. The natural world is simply the “canvas” on which an artist creates their earthwork. Nature has no
effect on the earthwork, even after the artist has finished the artwork.
33. What method of sculpture is the artist using when they assemble component parts in order to create
an artwork?
a. construction d. bending
b. casting e. repoussé
c. carving
34. This group of Soviet artists created an entire art movement out of the process of assembling
artworks.
a. Constructivists d. Social Realists
b. Dadaists e. Cubists
c. Fauves
35. This Constructivist artist, originally named Naum Neemia Pevsner, studied physics, mathematics,
and engineering in college.
a. Gabo d. Durant
b. Duchamp e. Hirst
c. Michelangelo
36. The Physical Impossibility of Death in the Mind of Someone Living, by Damien Hirst, is an
example of the broad range of materials that can be used in a work of art. It presents a ________
suspended in a tank of formaldehyde.
a. shark d. buffalo
b. lamb e. sword
c. pine tree
37. What method of sculpture is the artist using when he or she gathers objects and fabricates them
into an artwork?
a. assemblage d. bending
b. casting e. repoussé
c. carving
38. This African-American artist created the work The Liberation of Aunt Jemima (2.4.18) from an
assemblage of found objects.
a. Betye Saar d. Faith Ringgold
b. Kara Walker e. Elizabeth Catlett
c. Edmonia Lewis
39. Objects found or already existing outside of the context of art, which are used as component parts
in a work or to create an entire sculpture, are called ________.
a. readymades d. earthworks
b. weaving e. lost-wax
c. casting
40. An artist cannot turn a trash can into a readymade artwork.
41. This Spanish artist combined a bicycle seat and handlebars into a form that was reminiscent of a
bull’s head.
a. Pablo Picasso d. Georgia O’Keeffe
b. Naum Gabo e. Lázló Moholy-Nagy
c. Marcel Duchamp
42. This process involves taking over a pre-existing image or object and altering its appearance in a
way that changes its original meaning or purpose.
a. appropriation d. repoussé
b. pre-selection e. exchanging
c. felting
43. A sculpture intended by the artist to move is called ________ sculpture.
a. a kinetic d. a fluted
b. an armature e. a motion-detector
c. a swivel
44. How does the American artist George Rickey ensure that his kinetic sculpture Breaking Column
moves even when there is no wind?
a. he employs someone to spin it around
b. it is driven by a water wheel
c. it is motorized
d. it is driven by a pulley system
e. it does not move without wind
45. This Hungarian artist created works of art that were motorized, even featuring one as a character in
a film.
a. Lázló Moholy-Nagy d. Susan Durant
b. Naum Gabo e. Marcel Duchamp
c. Damien Hirst
46. This method of sculpture involves the construction of a space or the assembly of objects to create
an environment, often encouraging a viewer to experience the work physically, using all of his or
her senses.
a. installation d. carving
b. casting e. modeling
c. conceptual
47. This Greek-born artist created the installation work Star Fountain (2.4.22), which uses constantly
changing light to imply movement.
a. Athena Tacha d. Georgia O’Keeffe
b. Pablo Picasso e. Antony Gormley
c. Niki de Saint Phalle
48. What term does Antony Gormley use for the figures in his works, such as the small
three-dimensional human models in his installation Asian Field?
a. humanotypes d. portraits
b. corpographs e. none of the other answers
c. personifications
49. What distinguishes a sculpture as a piece of fine art, compared to a memorial or other
three-dimensional object? Why?
Identify the medium or process used to create each artwork:
a. construction
b. casting
c. earthworks
d. carving
e. kinetic
50. Sculpture of the Lady Sennuwy
51. Robert Smithson, Spiral Jetty
52. Damien Hirst, The Physical Impossibility [. . .]
53. George Rickey, Breaking Column
54. Riace Warrior A