Chapter 8: Behavioral Therapy
1. Skinner’s childhood was highlighted by all but which of the following?
2. Skinner developed the “baby–tender” crib, which later become known as the “Baby in a Box.” This crib
was responsible for:
3. Which is not true about Skinner?
4. Ivan Pavlov, Albert Bandura, and B.F. Skinner were known for ________________,
________________, and ________________, respectively.
5. There is little doubt B.F. Skinner was highly regarded in his field as evidenced by his receipt of all but
which of the following award(s)?
6. According to B.F. Skinner, the process of ___________________ can allow one to make positive
changes in one’s environment in order to live a more enjoyable life.
7. To the radical behaviorist, ________________ and _______________ are the only relevant factors in
determining one’s behaviors.
8. A modern-day behavior therapist is less likely to demonstrate which of the following qualities with his
or her clients?
9. The modern-day behavior therapist is likely to agree with all but which of the following?
10.The behavior therapist of today is:
11. Classical conditioning is also known as _____________________________.
12. __________________________ occurs when a behavior increases or decreases as the result of
consequences to the emission of a behavior.
13. The process of an unconditioned stimulus being repeatedly paired with a neutral stimulus, and then
becoming a conditioned stimulus, is called:
14. The tendency for responses to reoccur after a brief period of time after they have been extinguished
is called:
15. _____________________ is any stimulus that when presented, increases the likelihood of a
response, while ___________________________ is any stimulus when removed, increases the
likelihood of a response.
16. The ceasing of a behavior because it is not reinforced is called:
17. I decide to reinforce my child’s behavior intermittently on a random basis to assure that it “holds”
for a long time. What kind of reinforcement schedule am I using?
18. Which of the following would be an example of a behavioral technique?
19. When reinforcement occurs on a set schedule it is called:
20. ______________ may be described as reinforcing the last response or behavior in a series of
responses so that each previous response gets associated with the final reinforcer.
21. When changing behaviors, although many operant conditioning principles can be used, generally
__________________ and ___________________ are employed more frequently by therapists, as they
appear to be more effective at making lasting change.
22. Although sometimes used, which of the following approach is seen as not being a particularly
effective method of effecting behavioral change?
23. Which of the following describes the removal of a pleasant stimulus leading to a decrease in a
behavior?
24. When the decision to use punishment has been made, a number of steps are suggested. Which of
the following is not a step?
25. According to Bandura, all but which of the following are necessary for modeling to occur effectively?
26. Which of the following was not suggested in the book as ways in which modeling can occur?
27. What are the two levels in which acceptance occur?
28. ___________________ and ___________________ techniques based on classical conditioning and
involve exposing an individual to a feared stimulus for an extended period of time.
29. Relaxation exercises, which are often taught to clients who are experiencing anxiety, stress, and/or
fear, are based on the principle of:
30. When a stimulus that is perceived to be highly noxious by the client is connected to a behavior to be
changed, this is considered to be____________.
31. A client with whom I am working has a fear of dirt. She remarks that her parents would always yell
and scream at her when she was younger, playing in the dirt. In terms of behavioral principles, which
approach most likely accounts for the client’s fear?
32. In working with the client in the previous question, I decide to set up a hierarchy of fears and then I
have her relax as I bring her through the hierarchy. This approach is called which of the following?
33. I take a client who is afraid of elevators to the Empire State Building and ride up and down in
elevators with him all day long. This approach is called which of the following?
34. Stimulus control occurs when a stimulus is _________________so that a new, healthier behavior can
be reinforced.
35. Which is not a kind of punishment to effect change in children’s behavior?
36. To the modern-day behavior therapist, which is the stage of therapy immediately following “focusing
on problem areas and setting goals”?
37. Relaxation exercises, which are often taught to clients who are experiencing anxiety, stress, and/or
fear, are based on the principle of which of the following?
38. Associated mostly with the mentally retarded and serve mental disorders, this technique uses
something symbolic (e.g., a coin, coupon) that is later exchanged for a “backup reinforcer.”
39. A child caught playing with matches is taken into the bathroom and asked to light 1000 matches.
This aversive technique is called:
40. Which of the following is not true about contingent electric stimulation?
41. Aversion therapy has been used for all but which of the following?
42. Blocking pornography sites on the computer so he is not tempted to spend too much time on a
behavior he does not feel good about, a husband has practice:
43. Modern-day behavioral therapy stresses the importance of conducting a thorough assessment of the
client’s needs, often referred to as a _______________________________.
44.Which of the following are/is true in relation to a functional behavior analysis?
45. To the modern-day behavioral therapist, which of the following is the stage of the therapeutic
process following the assessment of goal completion?
46. Which of the following would behaviorists stress?
47. What is the correct order of the therapeutic stages in behaviorism?
48. Reinforcing a child for not going into the street by saying, “Good job,” and by offering M & Ms is an
example of which of the following?
49. Which of the following is not important in the therapeutic relationship for the behavioral counselor?
50. Behavioral therapy has been found to have some success in treating which of the following?
51. Reinforcement theory suggests that extinction of most behaviors will usually be followed by a
resurgence of the targeted behavior called:
52. When choosing techniques to treat problems in behavioral therapy, the counselor and client should
note which of the following if the problem was diagnosed accurately?
53. Which of the following is/are true regarding Self Management Theory?
54. Early behaviorists took pride in abstaining from “mentalistic” concepts resulting in which of the
following?
55. Behavior therapy and cognitive-behavior therapy lacks effectiveness in which of the following
area(s)?
56. Relative to the efficacy of behavior therapy, which is not true?
57. An example of a treatment issue(s) for which research has found behavior therapy to have limited
effectiveness includes which of the following?
True/False
1. Behavior Therapy has been shown to be particularly effective in counseling clients wishing to develop
4. The Skinnerian is deterministic in the sense that he or she is a scientist that looks for causes that lead
5. Operant conditioning is when an unconditioned stimulus becomes repeatedly paired with a neutral
8. Successive approximation or shaping is systematically reinforcing certain behaviors in order to teach a
9. Acceptance occurs at two levels in Behavior Therapy: the therapists’ acceptance of the client, and
10. Modeling or social learning can be a significant part of the change process as one imitates the
11. A controlled response involves a self managed behavior that prepares oneself to do the controlling
12. Flooding and implosion techniques are based on classical conditioning and involve exposing an
13. Overcorrection involves having a child engage in corrective behavior that takes effort and is
15. Interestingly, that biological limits may define the breath of effectiveness of behavior therapy
Matching:
Match the name of punishment technique with the example given
a. I remove my three year-old from the situation and place her in a room alone so she will stop hitting
her friend.
b. A parent tells her child that every time he talks mean in front of visitors to the home, she will say:
“Kendra, will you tell everyone how you have been working on your manners” as a code to get him to
stop.
c. I spank my son as he runs out into the street and yell, “Don’t do that, you can get hit by a car.”
d. After getting permission from his parents, and consulting with specialists, the teacher at the special
education school uses a small electric shock to get Justin to stop banging his head against the wall.
e. Martin continues to live his room such a mess, that he no longer can find anything he needs. His
father decides to tell him that every time his room is particularly messy, he will have to clean his room
up every day for the following week.
f. Vivian, who’s five, continues to use crude language around friends and adults. Her mother and father
decide that every time she uses this language, she has to read a book they got for her on “bad language”
and she loses 10 minutes of television time.