CHAPTER 30
Rebellion and Reaction, 1960s and 1970s
TRUE/FALSE
1. The term “the New Left” was adopted to emphasize the strong alignment between the
grassroots democracy of the 1960s and the orthodox Marxism of the 1930s.
2. Consistently friendly exchanges between Betty Friedan and Gloria Steinem demonstrated how remarkably immune
the women’s movement was to internal divisions.
3. The Equal Rights Amendment was ratified by the states and became part of the U.S.
Constitution in 1982.
4. Cesar Chavez protested against migrant workers who were undocumented immigrants because
he believed they stole jobs.
5. Focused on promoting Native American rights, the “Red Power” movement sought to
accelerate the pace of change by organizing protests and demonstrations against local, state,
and federal agencies.
6. In the early 1970s as the number of organizations supporting sexual orientation and gender
identification rights grew, the American Psychiatric Association removed homosexuality from
its official diagnostic manual of mental disorders.
7. Many of Richard Nixon’s supporters were upset by affirmative-action programs that gave
preferential treatment to people of color and women to atone for past injustices.
8. President Nixon strongly supported court efforts to complete school desegregation.
9. Stagflation tends to involve low unemployment rates.
10. The Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries used its huge oil supplies as a political
and economic weapon.
11. More U.S. troops were in Vietnam at the end of Nixon’s presidency than there were at
the beginning.
12. The events at Kent State University during the Vietnam War involved the killing of four
students by the National Guard.
13. When North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam in 1975, U.S. troops were sent back into the region.
14. While unveiling the Nixon Doctrine, Nixon also announced that he would pursue partnerships
with Communist countries in areas of mutual interest—a policy known as détente.
15. Richard Nixon was impeached for Watergate-related offenses.
16. The failing economy was the issue that dominated Gerald Ford’s presidency.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the period of the 1960s and early 1970s?
a.
Because assassinations of major American figures remained unheard of, the sixties and early
seventies were decades marked by a widespread sense of calm that made citizens feel secure taking
drastic social action.
b.
The violence of the fifties, such as race riots and cold war conflicts fought domestically, deterred
any American activism on a significant scale and cultivated a wide sense of fear and social
indifference across the various classes.
c.
The presidency of Richard Nixon successfully restored the American public’s faith in the integrity
of its leaders, thereby ushering in a period of unprecedented productivity in the sixties and early
seventies.
d.
The fabric of American society was more unified than ever in the sixties and early seventies, as
class distinctions largely disappeared and new technology stimulated the economy and brought
many different groups together.
e.
The forces that contributed to the complacent prosperity of the fifties had ironically contributed to
the sense of upheaval and unprecedented counterculture that helped define the sixties and early
seventies.
2. By 1960–1961, a number of students had become inspired to become social reform activists by the
a.
exposure of the Watergate scandal on television when they were young children.
b.
example of the American civil rights movement, such as that of the Greensboro four.
c.
onset of a major economic depression in the United States.
d.
experiences they faced during the thick of the Second World War.
e.
absence of the “military–industrial complex” in American universities.
3. Which of the following statements accurately describes the Students for a Democratic
Society (SDS) in the early 1960s?
a.
Most of their members called themselves the Weathermen and drastically abandoned pacifism.
b.
Their work rarely involved criticism of the status quo due to dependency on university funding.
c.
They were the official youth wing of the Democratic party that worked closely with senators.
d.
They were in strong opposition to the beliefs and actions of the New Left.
e.
They challenged established authority and sought to give “power to the people.”
4. In 1964, which of the following was true of the University of California at Berkeley?
a.
It was the site of the formation of the free–speech movement (FSM) following a
student sit-in.
b.
It remained racially segregated, causing most of the activism there to focus on civil rights.
c.
It had become devoid of social activism due to the fear surrounding the cold war.
d.
It became the birthplace of the counterculture and saw the very start of the hippie movement.
e.
It was the scene of a bloody confrontation between students and the National Guard.
5. Which of the following groups were LEAST likely to serve in the Vietnam War?
a.
college students
b.
young Hispanic men
c.
young African American men
d.
young men who went directly into the workforce
e.
young men who were twenty-four or older
6. Which of the following occurred at Columbia University in 1968?
a.
Anti-war students disrupted a speech by President Johnson.
b.
The Yippies held their founding convention.
c.
Students volunteered for the war in record numbers.
d.
A student protest shut down the campus.
e.
The presence of military recruiters sparked a riot.
7. Which of the following statements accurately describes the youths of the counterculture?
a.
They came primarily from poor or working-class families.
b.
They were strongly at odds with the approach taken by the Beats in the fifties.
c.
They focused more on cultural and individual change than political activism.
d.
They believed that electoral politics would solve society’s problems.
e.
They preferred urban surroundings to a rural life in contact with nature.
8. The hippie movement sought to
a.
transform American political life through a careful series of revolutionary legal reforms at the
federal and state levels.
b.
address income inequality through civil disobedience to laws that reinforced inequities in American
society.
c.
destroy the existing capitalist system through the immediate construction of a socialist-anarchist
state.
d.
achieve personal liberation by exceeding limits, embracing plain living, and rejecting the pursuit of
wealth and careers.
e.
lead white youth into a form of paramilitary organization similar in many ways to the Black
Panthers.
9. Who were the Yippies?
a.
a music group that helped promote the war effort in Vietnam
b.
another name for the Students for a Democratic Society (SDS)
c.
a political party that emphasized the upholding of conventional laws as the heart of
democracy
d.
a group of transcendentalist poets who led lives of simplicity in remote areas
surrounded by nature
e.
a countercultural and anarchistic group who wanted to overthrow the power structure
10. When concert promoters tried to emulate the spirit of Woodstock at the Altamont Speedway
Free Festival near San Francisco in 1969, which of the following occurred?
a.
Hells Angels killed a man in front of the stage.
b.
The Beatles gave their last performance.
c.
The hippies established themselves as an official political group.
d.
A huge crowd enjoyed three days of “peace and music.”
e.
Nixon announced his run for a second presidential term.
11. What was the state of the hippie movement at the very end of the 1960s?
a.
The government punished the activities of the hippies with such force that contemporary trends lack
any echoes of the phenomenon.
b.
The hippie phenomenon was expanding at unprecedented levels, as the Vietnam War finally
appeared to be drawing to a close.
c.
The hard realities the hippies experienced, such as poverty and drug addiction, had caused the
hippie phenomenon to begin to fade.
d.
The practical nature of most hippies created a sense of stability in an otherwise turbulent time,
attracting more and more Americans to the movement.
e.
Because the hippies had focused most of their attention on civil rights activism, the hippie
phenomenon died out as the civil rights movement came to a close.
12. What role did Betty Friedan’s The Feminine Mystique play in American history?
a.
It celebrated the cult of female domesticity and delayed the onset of any sort of organized feminist
movement.
b.
It explained the challenges of many upper- and middle-class women and helped launch the second
phase of the feminist movement.
c.
It described ways for women to better please their husbands and perpetuated the idea that women
were inferior.
d.
It painted an ideal portrait of suburban living and sparked the beginning of the movement of the
white middle class to the suburbs.
e.
It focused on the difficulties working-class women and women of color faced both at home and in
the workplace.
13. What did Title IX of the Educational Amendments of 1972 do?
a.
It prohibited educational programs or activities receiving federal financial assistance from showing
gender discrimination.
b.
It called for the opening of many of the first trade schools throughout the country, as certain
industries grew in importance.
c.
It reasserted that men alone should play sports, as they were much too dangerous for women
participants.
d.
It ensured that an equal number of African American and white Americans would be elected to elite
colleges.
e.
It was inspired by recent wars and required that students in American public schools learn two
foreign languages fluently.
14. What was the significance of the Supreme Court case Roe v. Wade?
a.
The Court’s decision would result in drastically fewer conservatives in the 1970s and an enduring
liberal political climate.
b.
The Court held that abortions were illegal on a national scale during the first three months of
pregnancy.
c.
The Court ruled that women have a “right to choose” whether to keep a pregnancy, as it would
affect their health and well-being.
d.
The Court’s decision called for gender to play an even greater role in all federal financial assistance
programs.
e.
The Court successfully enacted the requirement of equal treatment for women throughout American
society and politics.
15. The feminist movement experienced a setback with the
a.
National Organization for Women’s inability to agree on a political agenda.
b.
Supreme Court’s refusal in Roe v. Wade to recognize abortion rights.
c.
decreasing number of jobs for women overall.
d.
failure of the states to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment.
e.
refusal of Ivy League universities to admit women.
16. What was the significance of the birth-control pill in the 1960s?
a.
The pill highlighted how the feminist movement was entirely separate from and only came after the
so-called sexual revolution.
b.
Although access to the pill was a goal of the feminist movement, it would not be available for
several more decades.
c.
The pill resulted in the dramatic decrease of sexually transmitted diseases among both men and
women in the 1960s.
d.
The availability of the pill played little role in American life because few college women of the
period were sexually active.
e.
Widespread access to the pill led to more open discussion of birth control, reproduction, and
sexuality in general.
17. Which of the following statements accurately describes the state of Latino rights in the
1960s and early 1970s?
a.
Mexican American leaders maintained the bracero program in the 1960s and after, believing that
allowing new Mexican immigrants to have low-paying jobs would help the economic advancement
of Mexican Americans who had been citizens for longer.
b.
Due to the changing public sentiment after the Second World War, Hispanic Americans
experienced very little discrimination in hiring, housing, and education, although activists still
fought for ways to celebrate their culture in everyday society.
c.
The population of Latino Americans was at its largest in the 1960s and early 1970s, but their rights
and social equality only began to improve substantially when the population became much smaller
in the 2000s.
d.
Hispanic Americans’ service in the military during the Second World War had helped to instill a
clearer sense of American identity and pushed them to pursue equality, for they still often
experienced segregation, discrimination, and limited opportunities.
e.
Strikes and hunger strikes, such as those led by Cesar Chavez, failed to gain widespread media
attention, for the primary way Latino Americans gained awareness and support for their cause was
by working hard at low-paying jobs.
18. Latino civil rights leaders faced an awkward dilemma when it came to dealing with
a.
the discrimination shown to Latino men who were denied the ability to serve as soldiers during the
Vietnam War.
b.
illegal immigration from Latin America, which they feared threatened their own economic
advancement.
c.
divisions within their movement over whether to support the sexual revolution and women’s rights
or to stick with traditional values.
d.
relationships with African American civil rights leaders and the question of whether to forge cross–
community partnerships.
e.
the New Left’s major influence upon young Mexicans, which they feared might negatively impact
their movement’s public image.
19. Cesar Chavez became famous for his leadership in what organization?
a.
the Weathermen
d.
the American Latino Alliance
b.
the United Farm Workers
e.
the Farmers’ Alliance
c.
the American Indian Movement
20. Which of the following trends became true of the Hispanic population between the years
1970 and 2019?
a.
They had little political clout due to most being unable to vote.
b.
They became the country’s largest minority group.
c.
They attained equality with whites in average income levels.
d.
They launched their own major political party.
e.
They rarely spoke Spanish.
21. Which of the following was among the major impetuses behind the rise of a Native American
rights movement in the late 1960s?
a.
the effective work of the Bureau of Indian Affairs
b.
the introduction and widespread popularity of Native American history courses
c.
the realization of Native Americans that their votes could swing elections in several states
d.
the fact that Native Americans were still not recognized as citizens
e.
high unemployment and suicide rates among the Native American population
22. Native American activists ultimately discovered that their most effective tactic for
bringing about change was
a.
voting in major political elections.
b.
occupying places like Alcatraz and Wounded Knee.
c.
taking legal action to force the government to adhere to old treaties.
d.
opening casinos on their reservations.
e.
imitating the civil rights movement in organizing massive protest marches.
23. What was the event that helped trigger the gay rights movement of the 1970s?
a.
the Stonewall riots
b.
Red Power protests
c.
the passage of hate-crimes legislation
d.
the debate over the Equal Rights Amendment
e.
the labeling of HIV/AIDS as a “homosexual disease” by politicians
24. Who were known as the “great silent majority”?
a.
Americans who quietly approved of the social and cultural changes of the 1960s
b.
Americans who were against the Vietnam War, although uninvolved in open protest
c.
upper-class Americans whose influence was growing weaker by the early 1970s
d.
African American politicians who were being elected in greater numbers than ever before
e.
the middle-class Americans whose votes had brought Richard Nixon to the presidency
25. The figure who MOST influenced Nixon’s foreign policy was
a.
General Alexander Haig.
d.
William Rogers.
b.
Robert McNamara.
e.
Bob Haldeman.
c.
Henry Kissinger.
26. Nixon’s southern strategy involved winning southern support by
a.
capitalizing on southerners’ skepticism of federal social welfare programs.
b.
stepping up the military effort in Vietnam.
c.
expressing sympathy toward fundamentalist Christians.
d.
making southerners dominant in his cabinet.
e.
increasing federal support of the South’s economy.
27. The energy crisis of the early 1970s increased support for
a.
consumption.
d.
suburbanization.
b.
travel and tourism.
e.
socialism.
c.
environmentalism.
28. Economists coined the term “stagflation” in the early 1970s to describe
a.
a simultaneously stagnant economy with inflationary prices.
b.
continuing declines in stock prices.
c.
high oil prices along with declining profits for the petroleum industry.
d.
the return of economic conditions similar to the Depression.
e.
continuing economic growth along with a growing budgetary deficit.
29. By the end of 1970, the unemployment rate in the United States
a.
was almost zero.
d.
equaled that of Canada.
b.
stayed stagnant.
e.
nearly doubled.
c.
nearly quadrupled.
30. What did the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) do to punish the
United States for supporting Israel during the Yom Kippur War?
a.
It expelled the United States from membership.
b.
It flooded the market with cheap petroleum to drive American oil producers out of business.
c.
It cut off oil shipments to the United States.
d.
It nationalized American oil companies in its countries.
e.
It announced it would deal exclusively with the Soviet Union.
31. What was Nixon’s position regarding Vietnam policy?
a.
He insisted that he would pursue “peace with honor,” his phrase for withdrawing from Vietnam
while maintaining the credibility of U.S. military alliances.
b.
He was indifferent to an eventual Communist takeover because he believed communism had
changed a great deal since the beginning of the cold war.
c.
He was determined to end American involvement quickly with the immediate withdrawal of troops
upon entering the office of the presidency.
d.
He still believed the war could be won and invested far more troops and weapons than any of the
previous presidents to put the United States in the best situation militarily.
e.
He refused to send negotiators to speak with North Vietnamese and Viet Cong negotiators,
reasoning that the Viet Cong forces had already withdrawn from Vietnam.
32. Which of the following did Nixon’s policy of “Vietnamization” involve?
a.
increasing the number of young men being drafted
b.
launching a U.S. invasion of North Vietnam
c.
establishing diplomatic and trade relations with North Vietnam
d.
gradually reducing the number of American troops in Vietnam
e.
working toward the reunification of North and South Vietnam
33. After April 1970, American troops entered ________ to “clean out” hidden Communist
military bases, thereby extending the Vietnam War.
a.
Laos
d.
Thailand
b.
China
e.
North Vietnam
c.
Cambodia
34. What was the significance of the events in the village of Mai Lai in 1968?
a.
They represented how far American technology had advanced since the Second World War, as the
American soldiers used several bombs against the Vietnamese troops.
b.
The defeat of Vietnamese soldiers in a long-planned, complex attack boosted the morale of
American soldiers, giving them the confidence they needed to quickly win the war.
c.
U.S. soldiers suffered their greatest defeat of the Vietnam War because they had allowed
themselves to trust Vietnamese soldiers disguised as civilians.
d.
For the first time during the Vietnam War, American troops were stationed on the ground, and
because it was so effective, the air war came to an abrupt end.
e.
U.S. soldiers committed terrible atrocities against Vietnamese civilians, which ignited a public
outcry and debate upon their exposure to Americans at home.
35. Which of the following statements accurately describes the Pentagon Papers?
a.
They revealed a shocking waste in military spending on the part of the federal government, which
mostly had not been directed toward the Vietnam War at all.
b.
They were successfully suppressed from publication by the government and only came to light
decades later during the 2000s when Nixon deemed enough time had elapsed.
c.
They put President Johnson’s war policy in a more favorable light, revealing the true threats
Americans had faced as he decided to declare war.
d.
They were first published by the government despite warnings from journalists that their source
was unable to be verified, making them potentially untruthful.
e.
They revealed that the Johnson administration had deceived the public in regard to war policy,
having never given them the full story on the Gulf of Tonkin incident of 1964.
36. On October 26, 1972, only a week before the U.S. presidential election, Kissinger announced ________ as part of a
ploy to get Nixon reelected.
a.
massive bombings of Hanoi and Haiphong
b.
a peace agreement for the Middle East
c.
a new offensive against China
d.
his resignation
e.
“Peace is at hand”
37. Which of the following was true of the settlement ending the Vietnam War, known as the
Paris Peace Accords?
a.
The agreement ensured the survival of South Vietnam as a country and enabled it to establish
peaceful economic relations with North Vietnam, signaling a new order in Southeast Asia.
b.
Although the agreement was officially signed, it was soon proved unnecessary, as over the last
year, South Vietnamese troops had vanquished the North Vietnamese without American help.
c.
The agreement was followed by massive bombings of North Vietnam by the United States a few
months later, as Nixon and Kissinger had never actually withdrawn the last of the U.S. troops.
d.
Although Nixon and Kissinger ended America’s combat role and claimed North Vietnam had
changed its basic stance, North Vietnam had actually left Communist troops in South Vietnam.
e.
The agreement was so successful that it got Nixon reelected and helped ease the public political
protests that had long defined the era of the Vietnam War in the United States.
38. What had happened in South Vietnam by the end of 1975 following the Paris Peace Accords?
a.
The conflict resumed between South Vietnam and North Vietnam but with little consequence or
outright warfare for many years.
b.
The South Vietnamese government invited North Vietnamese leaders to a summit, where they
agreed to acknowledge Hanoi’s authority in the South.
c.
North Vietnam signed a second treaty with South Vietnam, agreeing to withdraw its remaining
troops after American forces left.
d.
North Vietnamese troops gained the upper hand over South Vietnam, successfully invading and
capturing Saigon.
e.
The United States reentered the Vietnam War once Gerald Ford had replaced Nixon as president
because the situation in Southeast Asia was so dire.
39. Which of the following was a result of the efforts of the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) to
prevent the presidency of Salvador Allende in Chile?
a.
General Augusto Pinochet, who was supposedly friendly with the United States, came to power,
seized American businesses in Chile, and murdered political opponents.
b.
Chile formed a closer relationship to Cuba and the Soviet Union due to intense nationwide
resentment of American interference in their politics.
c.
A pro-American government that answered directly to the CIA came to power, thereby
strengthening trade relations between South America and the United States.
d.
Allende condemned the United States and revolted against the newly elected government of Chile,
leading to a civil war that would last much of the rest of the decade.
e.
The United Nations publicly condemned the Nixon administration for its interference, causing the
United States to lose many of its important European alliances.
40. The Nixon Doctrine implied a foreign policy that was shaped largely by
a.
the determination to defeat communism at all costs.
b.
a need to be selective in its commitments abroad.
c.
the effort to reshape the world in America’s image.
d.
the needs of the domestic economy.
e.
the desires of American allies.
41. Nixon’s new relationship with China was made possible by
a.
the discovery of China’s vast oil deposits.
b.
China’s growing fear of the Soviet Union.
c.
Nixon’s landslide reelection in 1972.
d.
the American public’s increasingly tolerant attitude toward communism.
e.
the removal of Vietnam as a source of division between the United States and China.
42. Nixon’s trip to the Soviet Union resulted in
a.
the end of the cold war.
b.
U.S. wheat sales to the Soviets.
c.
Soviet withdrawal from Eastern Europe.
d.
intensification of the nuclear arms race.
e.
the end of the new relationship with China.
43. What did Nixon and Soviet premier Leonid Brezhnev achieve by signing the Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty
(SALT I)?
a.
trade in food and nonmilitary technologies
b.
assurances that both powers would operate within separate spheres in the Middle East
c.
a plan to relax the border between East and West Berlin by 1980
d.
limitations on the number of nuclear missiles and prohibition of missile-defense systems
e.
promises to reduce nuclear weapon stockpiles by 50 percent by 1980
44. What was the result of Henry Kissinger’s “shuttle diplomacy” in 1973?
a.
an end to American involvement in Vietnam and the creation of the Paris Peace Accords
b.
a cease-fire in the Middle East and the foundation for later peace talks
c.
Nixon’s trip to meet with diplomats in China
d.
the establishment of the nation of Israel
e.
an end to the embargo instated by OPEC
45. As the 1972 election approached, the biggest threat to Nixon’s reelection seemed to be
a.
George Wallace’s potential to drain away conservative votes from the Republicans.
b.
the massive popularity of Democratic nominee George McGovern.
c.
public disapproval of Nixon’s efforts to ease tensions with the Chinese and the Russians.
d.
revelations concerning the Watergate break-in.
e.
the continuing appeal of 1960s-style social liberalism.
46. Who was Senator George McGovern of South Dakota?
a.
the Democratic nominee for president in 1972
b.
the first senator to resign from his or her position
c.
the Republican nominee for governor in South Dakota in 1972
d.
Nixon’s secretary of defense
e.
a famous commander of U.S. troops in Vietnam
47. Which of the following statements accurately describes the burglars arrested at the Watergate apartment complex?
a.
They were trying to obtain Republican campaign files to make a Democratic win more likely.
b.
They were spying on the Nixon administration on behalf of the Soviet Union.
c.
They were common thieves hoping to steal valued items that belonged to Nixon’s family.
d.
They had connections to the CIA and the Nixon campaign, helping engage in partisan sabotage.
e.
They had been sent there by the FBI to look into evidence of war crimes during the Vietnam War.
48. Essential to breaking the Watergate case was the 1973 testimony before the Ervin committee
of White House legal counsel John Dean. What did he testify?
a.
that he had been paid to lie under oath previously
b.
that John Ehrlichman had ordered the cover–up
c.
that he had ordered the White House cover-up himself
d.
that the president had personally ordered the Watergate break–in
e.
that the president had approved a White House cover–up
49. The major motivation behind the “Saturday Night Massacre” was Nixon’s desire to
a.
elevate his approval ratings.
b.
expose the corruption of the Democrats.
c.
avoid handing over the key White House tapes.
d.
publicly humiliate special prosecutor Archibald Cox.
e.
appoint a loyal attorney general.
50. Nixon’s Watergate-related resignation came with the revelation that he had
a.
burned his tapes of White House conversations.
b.
lied to the Senate’s Ervin committee.
c.
authorized the use of dirty tricks against Democratic campaigns.
d.
ordered a cover-up of the original Watergate break-in.
e.
ordered the IRS to harass his political enemies.
51. Which of the following was a legacy of the Watergate scandal?
a.
It gave the public reason to praise Nixon for his overwhelming support for and lack
of prejudice toward minorities, despite his other failings.
b.
It caused Congress to pass several pieces of legislation to increase executive power,
such as the War Powers Act.
c.
It showed that the press, Congress, and courts had failed to arouse public opinion in
the case and, for the most part, protected Nixon.
d.
It demonstrated that government aides and officials could only be found guilty of the
original crimes and not of covering up evidence.
e.
It suggested the lesson that not even a president is above the law, even though Nixon
did avoid jail time.
52. Gerald Ford suffered terrible political damage when he
a.
continued Nixon’s economic policies.
b.
vetoed the War Powers Act.
c.
pardoned Nixon.
d.
sent Americans back into Vietnam.
e.
failed to achieve peace in the Middle East.
53. During his presidency, Gerald Ford achieved a record for
a.
tax increases.
d.
vetoes.
b.
Supreme Court appointments.
e.
military interventions.
c.
press conferences.
54. Which of the following did James (Jimmy) Carter Jr. represent?
a.
the new liberal wing of the Democratic party
b.
the new moderate wing of the Democratic party
c.
the new moderate wing of the Republican party
d.
the new liberal wing of the Republican party
e.
a group of long-established, well-known political candidates
55. Which of the following helped Jimmy Carter win the 1976 election?
a.
his promises to demonstrate military strength despite the way the Vietnam War ended
b.
his non-Washington background in the aftermath of Watergate
c.
an unprecedentedly huge voter turnout due to the surge in American activism
d.
his calls for a return to the liberalism of the New Deal and Great Society
e.
his use of Nixon’s southern strategy to gain votes
ESSAY
1. Discuss the various aspects of President Nixon’s Vietnam policy. How was Nixon’s policy
different from those of his predecessors?
2. Discuss the consequences of the women’s rights movement by the end of the 1970s. What
had and had not been achieved?
3. What economic problems did President Ford face? How did he try to solve these problems,
and how successful was he?
4. Discuss the election of 1972 and its implications for the future.
5. Describe the gains made by women and ethnic minorities in the 1960s and early 1970s.
In each case, what accounted for the gains?
6. Detail the New Left movement in America during the 1960s. Who were the participants and
what issues were at the core of their organization?
7. Analyze the counterculture movement of the 1960s? What were its goals, key figures, and achievements?
8. Compare the Hispanic rights and “Red Power” movements of the 1960s and 1970s with the
African American civil rights movement that had preceded them. As part of your response,
consider key figures, tactics, and achievements.
9. Evaluate the legacy of Richard M. Nixon. Consider not only his domestic and foreign policies
but also the troubled end of his presidency as part of your response.
10. Trace how the Watergate crisis brought an end to the Nixon presidency.
11. Compare and contrast the counterculture with the New Left in the 1960s. What key themes made both part of the
youth revolt, and in what way were these two movements distinct?
MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
a.
was a former Harvard clinical psychology professor who helped spur a revolution in promoting the
use of psychedelic drugs
b.
was Nixon’s secretary of state in 1975 and shared with him a vision of a multipolar world order that
was beginning to replace the bipolar cold war
c.
wrote The Feminine Mystique in 1962 before going on to found the National Organization for
Women (NOW)
d.
founded Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) and authored the manifesto known as the Port
Huron Statement
e.
was an army lieutenant who ordered the murder of 347 Vietnamese civilians and was later
convicted
f.
founded Ms. magazine, the first feminist periodical with a national leadership, and became a
prolific writer, fund-raiser, and speaker
g.
was one of the organizers of the Weather Underground but later expressed regrets for some of the
Weathermen’s tendencies
h.
was a philosophy major who had participated in the Free Summer in Mississippi and went on to
lead the free-speech movement (FSM)
i.
was the only person in history to serve as both vice president and president without having ever
been elected to those offices
j.
emphasized the value of nonviolent mass protest, such as the la huelga, a union strike against
corporate grape growers
1. Mario Savio
2. William Calley
3. Mark Rudd
4. Cesar Chavez
5. Gloria Steinem
6. Tom Hayden
7. Gerald Ford
8. Betty Friedan
9. Henry Kissinger
10. Timothy Leary
