CHAPTER 28
America in the Fifties
TRUE/FALSE
1. During Dwight D. Eisenhower’s presidency, moderate republicanism involved the promise of
restoring the authority of state and local governments.
2. Dwight D. Eisenhower tried to reduce Social Security and other entitlement programs.
3. The Federal-Aid Highway Act was the largest federal project in history.
4. Joseph McCarthy was tried for perjury and sentenced to serve time in jail for his crusade
against Communists.
5. By 1960, millions of homes in the United States had a television set.
6. The GI Bill of Rights provided financial assistance for home loans and college expenses.
7. During the 1950s, the black population in the North decreased as a result of the Second
Great Migration.
8. Society’s message to women in the 1950s was that they should strive to combine motherhood
and professional careers.
9. The phrase “In God We Trust” was added to coins and currency in the 1950s.
10. Due to the overall prosperity of the decade, blacks were able to close the income gap with
whites by the end of the 1950s.
11. The Beats took their name because of their belief that society had beaten them, or triumphed
over their spirits.
12. Middle-class whites organized Citizens’ Councils after the Brown decision to organize support
for integration and African American civil rights.
13. The loss of Dien Bien Phu signaled the end of French rule in Indochina.
14. The Viet Cong supported and defended Ngo Dinh Diem’s government in South Vietnam.
15. The United States supported Britain and France as they tried to seize control of the Suez
Canal in 1956.
16. The Eisenhower Doctrine committed the United States to provide economic and military
assistance to Arab nations that were threatened by communism.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Which of the following statements accurately characterizes the United States in the 1950s?
a.
Although foreign affairs remained unprecedentedly stable during this period, domestic affairs took
a turn for the worse, as several epidemics brought shorter average life spans and economic growth
brought increased crime.
b.
Because the cold war had come to an end soon after the Second World War, Americans came to
experience prosperity in their day–to-day lives and could focus on rebuilding the economy without
the threat of nuclear war in the background.
c.
Most Americans had emerged from the Second World War disappointed by their country’s
exhausted industrial capacity and declining international stature and looked to the cold war as a
means of becoming a world power once again.
d.
The period was dominated by American presidents who leaned toward extremes in all ways, much
as the leaders of the Axis powers had during the Second World War—refusing to take an approach
of moderation and insisting on fighting fire with fire.
e.
Although white, middle-class Americans enjoyed unprecedented economic growth, the idealized
image of America at the time was much more complicated in terms of race and class, and many
feared what the new age of nuclear terror might bring.
2. Which of the following did Dwight D. Eisenhower consider himself?
a.
a Democrat
d.
a moderate Republican
b.
a liberal
e.
a moderate Democrat
c.
a fiscal Republican
3. Before becoming president, Eisenhower was MOST shaped by his experience in
a.
business.
d.
politics.
b.
the military.
e.
the law.
c.
higher education.
4. What stance did Eisenhower take in terms of New Deal programs?
a.
He was intensely hostile to New Deal programs and sought to dismantle them,
believing that the president alone should make policy and Congress should be the one
to carry it out.
b.
He ended subsidies to agriculture, fought against the rise of unions, and generally
sought to limit production levels because he believed it would be better for the
economy.
c.
He promised to outdo Franklin Roosevelt’s New Deal and establish his own completely
separate deal that would be far more honest, more successful, and wider in scope.
d.
He retained most New Deal programs and even expanded some of them, while also
working to rid the government of the “excesses” that had resulted from many years of
Democratic control.
e.
He transformed New Deal programs due to his desire to privatize Social Security and
belief that conservatism was incompatible with welfare programs.
5. Which of the following efforts were examples of Eisenhower’s “middle way” approach?
a.
raising taxes and increasing the power of the federal government
b.
funding new technology and relying purely on other countries for agricultural goods
c.
balancing the federal budget and increasing the minimum wage
d.
promoting the weapons industry and providing aid for the homeless
e.
lowering the minimum wage and increasing the national debt in the name of the public good
6. How did Eisenhower describe his domestic policy of dynamic conservatism?
a.
“a Square Deal that was fairer to the American people than either the New Deal or Fair Deal”
b.
“liberal in terms of the economy, and conservative in terms of welfare programs”
c.
“a quest for brand new government projects rather than for things the government can stop doing”
d.
“a movement to raise taxes, increase military expenses, and stimulate the arms race”
e.
“conservative when it comes to money, and liberal when it comes to human beings”
7. What was the significance of the Federal-Aid Highway Act (1956)?
a.
It was vetoed by Eisenhower because it was too expensive, which turned much of Congress against
him early on in his presidency.
b.
It was a joint project with Canada, which led to a closer relationship between the two countries
especially in the face of the cold war.
c.
It forced private businesses to repair deteriorating highways without drawing from federal taxes or
other government funds.
d.
It created a large network of interstate highways, which in turn helped create jobs, tourism
opportunities, and economic growth.
e.
It is largely regarded as the greatest failure of Eisenhower’s administration and went uncompleted
due to a lack of funds.
8. What was the state of car ownership in America by 1955?
a.
Car ownership was still limited to only the wealthiest and most elite members of society,
contributing to the overwhelming public sentiment that emphasized the group over individualism.
b.
Few American households owned a car due a slew of major improvements made to public transit
systems such as buses and the movement of white people from suburbs to cities.
c.
Half of American households owned a car, which caused a crisis in the hotel industry since people
could now travel far more quickly as well as a fall in commute times since it was easier to relocate.
d.
Car ownership was so widespread that it had little to do with social status, as few models of cars
existed and car manufacturers were still hurting from increased Second World War production
levels.
e.
Most American households owned a car, resulting in a greater range of choices such as the growth
of fast-food restaurants as well as unintended consequences such as environmental pollution.
9. Senator Joseph McCarthy’s power began to unravel when he made reckless charges about
Communist influence in
a.
the Democratic party.
d.
the Eisenhower administration.
b.
the U.S. Army.
e.
the media.
c.
Ivy League colleges.
10. The single most important stimulant to the postwar economy was
a.
a massive government jobs program.
d.
the discovery of alternative fuels to oil.
b.
low government spending.
e.
increased European competition.
c.
cold war–related military spending.
11. Which of the following differentiated the postwar era from earlier periods of prosperity?
a.
a consumer culture in which a large number of people participated
b.
the decline of the middle class but a surge in blue–collar income
c.
the outlawing of labor unions, especially in industries such as steel
d.
the emphasis of most Americans on saving money and rationing goods
e.
the absence of financing innovations such as credit cards
12. What trend did home ownership tend to follow between 1945 and 1960?
a.
It declined, due to the construction of cheap apartments.
b.
It significantly increased.
c.
It was hampered due to shortages of credit.
d.
It became almost universal.
e.
It was not as popular as government-provided public housing.
13. An important reason for passage of the GI Bill was to
a.
keep men in the military beyond their terms of enlistment.
b.
spend surplus funds in the federal budget.
c.
help Roosevelt get reelected.
d.
prevent widespread unemployment.
e.
promote renting over buying homes.
14. Which of the following statements accurately describes the impact of the GI Bill on
African Americans?
a.
African American veterans received preference when applying for federal government jobs or loans
because the creators of the bill recognized difficulties they faced.
b.
Benefits experienced by African Americans were limited because for example, most colleges and
universities remained racially segregated and refused to admit blacks.
c.
The GI Bill stipulated that only white American veterans would receive the benefits due to the
content of contracts African American veterans had to sign when joining the military.
d.
Because the GI Bill tended to help veterans attend public rather than private universities, African
American veterans rarely experienced racial discrimination there.
e.
Although African American veterans continued to face discrimination after the war, the GI Bill
made it common and encouraged them to buy homes in white neighborhoods.
15. The postwar era witnessed its most dramatic population growth in
a.
the suburbs.
d.
the Northeast.
b.
the Midwest.
e.
the Mississippi Valley.
c.
rural areas.
16. Which of the following was an effect of the availability of air conditioning during the
postwar years?
a.
major environmental benefits due to how little energy window-units used
b.
a decrease in the size of the middle class and in average income
c.
an increase in the population of the Sun Belt states
d.
widespread economic decline because customers were less likely to enter retail stores
e.
an increase in the population of the states in the Great Lakes region
17. What was Levittown, designed by William Levitt?
a.
a luxury Manhattan apartment complex made possible by new building techniques
b.
a new type of urban community completely cut off from government assistance
c.
an upscale drive-in movie theater with the latest films and music
d.
housing intended for African American families, especially those of veterans
e.
a suburban planned community geared toward white lower-middle-class Americans
18. By the 1950s, suburban life was marked by an increasing
a.
uniformity.
d.
intellectual excitement.
b.
cultural innovation.
e.
economic stagnation.
c.
diversity.
19. What was the phenomenon of “white flight” in the 1950s after the Second World War?
a.
It was a type of housing discrimination shown toward African Americans that soon stopped when
the federal government banned it and funded many mixed communities.
b.
It was the movement of poor whites fleeing the South for jobs in big northern cities since the
economic boom following the war never arrived in the South.
c.
It was the return of white Americans to the rural countryside, as farming became the most lucrative
occupation in part due to the lack of food Americans had during the war.
d.
It was the movement of many whites to suburbs in response to the migration of African Americans
from the rural South to northern cities in search of better opportunities after the war.
e.
It was the movement of Puerto Rican Americans to Puerto Rico because there was a shortage of
housing in northern cities after large numbers of white Americans moved there after the war.
20. Blacks who moved to northern cities tended to find
a.
middle-class status.
b.
quality public housing.
c.
acceptance and respect.
d.
the inability to vote.
e.
new problems due to racial prejudice but better lives overall.
21. By 1960, which American city had the largest concentration of Mexican Americans?
a.
New York, New York
d.
Los Angeles, California
b.
Chicago, Illinois
e.
Nashville, Tennessee
c.
Miami, Florida
22. With the end of the Second World War, women workers who had taken on traditionally male jobs during the war
were encouraged to
a.
give up their jobs to returning veterans.
d.
stay single.
b.
work longer hours.
e.
advance their job skills through college.
c.
limit family sizes.
23. What happened to the U.S. marriage rate during the fifties?
a.
It reached record lows.
b.
It reached an all-time high.
c.
It, for the first time, included same-sex marriages.
d.
It showed the average age of marriage rise for women.
e.
It only reported recent marriages due to lost records.
24. Which of the following statements accurately describes the baby boom in the United States?
a.
It has been romanticized and vastly overemphasized in importance as a social phenomenon because
the effects on society were hardly noticeable decades later.
b.
It resulted in the majority of mothers at the time also pursuing professions such as teaching,
nursing, accounting, and working as attorneys in law offices.
c.
It started in the early days of the Second World War because advertising campaigns tended to focus
on the need for children to help with the war effort.
d.
It resulted in an increase in the number of mothers but a decrease in the number of babies overall,
as women were generally having fewer children.
e.
It was a postwar trend that reinforced the idea that a woman’s place was in the home and helped
drive economic growth due the market of goods centered on children.
25. According to the advertisements in popular magazines at the time, the ideal woman of the mid-1950s was
a.
educated and single.
d.
an equal partner with her husband.
b.
career oriented.
e.
a white suburban housewife.
c.
able to juggle home and career.
26. One of the factors that contributed to religion’s growing appeal in the 1950s was
a.
the desire to combat “godless” communism.
b.
tax breaks for Americans who joined churches.
c.
the fire and brimstone style of television preachers.
d.
the widespread idea that Americans must repent for their material abundance.
e.
backlash to Eisenhower’s refusal to connect religion with patriotism.
27. In The Affluent Society, John Kenneth Galbraith pointed out the
a.
benefits of limited government.
d.
economic value of the cold war.
b.
infallibility of the marketplace.
e.
environmental costs of prosperity.
c.
persistence of poverty in the 1950s.
28. What did the writers John Cheever and John Keats have in common?
a.
They both were African American writers who helped promote racial inclusiveness through their
work.
b.
They both focused on celebrating the prosperity of the 1950s United States and the benefits shared
by mass society.
c.
They both directed their attention to portraying life abroad during the 1950s, which helped
influence similar developments in the United States.
d.
They both were Beats poets whose primary focus was highlighting social inequalities and
promoting feminism and selfless activism.
e.
They both treated the upper-middle-class suburbs and the culture of comfortable conformity of the
1950s as literary targets.
29. Jack Kerouac’s style of writing is commonly grouped under which of the following?
a.
expressionism
d.
the Beats
b.
romanticism
e.
literary criticism
c.
satire
30. Which of the following statements accurately describes the Beats?
a.
The group of activists changed the political landscape of the 1950s by launching the gay rights
movement and helping to instate legal same-sex marriage in many states.
b.
This musical group played traditional music and made it accessible to people of all backgrounds by
touring and offering free shows.
c.
This political group had many women members and experienced its greatest success in promoting
equality for women through a series of marches and demonstrations.
d.
This controversial group of artists was self-absorbed and reckless, and often rejected traditional
responsibilities of middle-class life.
e.
This academic group studied the devastation brought by the Second World War, wrote extensively
on its impact on the American economy, and refused to take part in risky behavior.
31. The music Alan Freed labeled “rock ’n’ roll” was actually
a.
jazz.
d.
gospel.
b.
rhythm and blues.
e.
big band swing.
c.
pop.
32. Which of the following statements accurately describes Elvis Presley’s recordings?
a.
They were never very commercially successful at the time.
b.
They blended a variety of musical styles.
c.
They appealed equally to all ages and generations.
d.
They are best remembered for his piano playing.
e.
They were part of a Communist plot.
33. Elvis was controversial at the time because of his
a.
rude manner toward adults.
d.
elite upbringing.
b.
African American background.
e.
suggestive dancing onstage.
c.
bland conformity.
34. Which of the following statements accurately describes President Eisenhower’s civil rights record?
a.
Despite being reluctant to directly support the civil rights movement, he appointed Supreme Court
Justice Earl Warren with the hope that he would promote civil rights from the bench.
b.
He actively supported segregationists who ran for office and refused to enforce the Brown decision
when it was challenged throughout the South.
c.
He was an activist president and contributed more to furthering the civil rights movement than the
Supreme Court or Congress during his time in office.
d.
Although committed in principle, he took a very passive approach to civil rights in reality,
preferring to leave the issue to local and state governments.
e.
He actively collaborated with black civil rights leaders to achieve legislative victories toward
ending segregation and protecting black voting rights.
35. What was the Supreme Court’s decision in the case Brown v. Board of Education?
a.
It struck down “separate but equal” in public education.
b.
It ordered an immediate end to Jim Crow segregation.
c.
It rejected the legal arguments of the NAACP.
d.
It was closely divided.
e.
It recognized the high quality of black schools in the South.
36. What was the policy of “massive resistance” as promoted by senators such as Harry F. Byrd of Virginia?
a.
the American strategy for holding the border between North and South Korea following the
armistice
b.
congressional opposition to President Eisenhower’s use of executive power both in wartime and in
cases of civil rights
c.
southern opposition led by the Citizens’ Councils and local and state governments against federal
efforts to integrate public schools
d.
threats of nuclear retaliation made to Communist countries in the event they launched an attack on
the United States
e.
the practice of filibustering or otherwise blocking legislation that did not have the support of the
opposing party
37. Which of the following was a consequence of the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
a.
It officially ended segregation in public schools in the South.
b.
It showed that well-coordinated, nonviolent black activism could cause major changes.
c.
It was the last major accomplishment of Martin Luther King Jr. before his assassination.
d.
It proved that Eisenhower was willing to directly intervene to help achieve civil rights victories.
e.
It promoted the cause of black nationalism and led it to spread across the country.
38. What tactic did Martin Luther King Jr. and the activists who organized the Montgomery Bus
Boycott follow in their protest?
a.
Marxist-Leninism
d.
McGarveyism
b.
black nationalism
e.
nonviolent civil disobedience
c.
massive resistance
39. Which of the following is an accurate assessment of the Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1960?
a.
Both were victims of “massive resistance” because neither one actually passed Congress in the
wake of intense and effective southern opposition.
b.
They were the first civil rights laws ever passed and were widely significant because the president
aggressively used them to protect the voting rights of African Americans.
c.
Although they were the first civil rights laws since the late nineteenth century, they ultimately were
watered down in terms of enforcement and, thus, failed to have much consequence.
d.
Future president Lyndon B. Johnson, who was then serving in Congress, opposed both, signaling
that it would be another few decades before the civil rights movement would begin.
e.
They were the greatest legislative achievements of the civil rights movement because they relied on
little reinforcement from the president to succeed.
40. In 1957, nine African American students attended Central High School in Little Rock,
Arkansas for the first time. Which of the following statements accurately describes the
actions taken by Eisenhower?
a.
Eisenhower did not take federal action because the students’ first day had gone so smoothly,
marking a success for the civil rights movement.
b.
Eisenhower reluctantly dispatched federal troops there to maintain law and order, angering many
southern politicians.
c.
Eisenhower passionately enforced desegregation, insisting that dispatching troops was a moral
judgment on his part.
d.
Eisenhower overrode desegregation rulings and forced the students to return to their previous
segregated schools.
e.
Eisenhower used the events as cause to initiate the court case of Brown v. Board of Education and
successfully prevented the public schools of Little Rock from closing.
41. Which of the following statements accurately describes the Southern Christian Leadership
Conference (SCLC)?
a.
It promoted anti-Catholic literature and ideas across the South after Democrats nominated John F.
Kennedy to run for the presidency in 1960.
b.
It was an organization that laid the foundation for the growth of a grassroots conservative
movement in the 1960s and 1970s.
c.
It condemned communism and actively campaigned to have the words “under God” added to
American coins and currency.
d.
It was part of the “massive resistance” to school integration following the Brown decision and
promoted violence as a means of limiting the civil rights movement.
e.
It was a civil rights organization led by Martin Luther King Jr. that coordinated activities between a
cluster of organizations such as churches and community groups.
42. John Foster Dulles’s policy of “roll back” involved
a.
“liberating” people under Communist rule rather than just containing its expansion.
b.
detonating the first atomic bomb since the Second World War as a quick resolution to the conflict.
c.
investing less money into the American military to focus more on domestic issues.
d.
moving away from free enterprise, which he viewed as at odds with Christianity.
e.
abandoning the containment policy in favor of seeking common ground with the Soviets.
43. The American policy of “massive retaliation” refers to the
a.
use of the navy to blockade the harbors of aggressive nations as well as submarines modeled off
those of the Germans during the Second World War.
b.
willingness to deploy tens of thousands of troops around the world to deter Communist aggression,
no matter what the financial cost.
c.
strategy of using the threat of nuclear war to prevent Communist aggression and, thus, keeping the
financial cost manageable.
d.
funding of pro-American dictatorships if it meant they would stand up to communism and agree to
declare war.
e.
tactic of joining forces with the Soviet Union to bombard North Korea because they would then
have double the weapons and bring a quick end to the Korean War.
44. Why did the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) work to replace the leaders of Guatemala and
Iran in the 1950s?
a.
Both countries had governments viewed as “unfriendly” regimes, and it was feared they would join
the Soviet bloc.
b.
Both countries had sponsored terrorist activities against American companies operating abroad.
c.
Both countries had declared socialist governments and formed alliances with the Soviet Union.
d.
Both countries had welcomed former Nazi leaders into their countries and were in danger of fascist
rule.
e.
The leaders of those countries were guilty of human rights abuses undertaken toward American
soldiers.
45. What was one way in which the intervention of the United States in Iran in the 1950s
was significant?
a.
Intervening in Iran proved to be the first and last time since the Second World War that the United
States detonated a nuclear weapon, signaling the height of the cold war.
b.
The rise of an increasingly authoritarian regime in Iran as a result of U.S. involvement convinced
Eisenhower that he must refuse to target the government of Guatemala.
c.
The United States proved unsuccessful in toppling Iranian rulers and lost many soldiers in the
process, causing Eisenhower to become more isolationist and avoid similar future interventions.
d.
A CIA-engineered coup in Iran was viewed as successful and emboldened Eisenhower to authorize
other secret operations to undermine governments thought to be falling victim to communism.
e.
By giving assistance to the shah, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, U.S. forces made Iran more stable,
earned the trust of the Iranian people, and ensured peaceful interactions with Iran decades later.
46. Since the nineteenth century, Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia had been ruled by
a.
China.
d.
Great Britain.
b.
Japan.
e.
themselves.
c.
France.
47. What was the significance of the “falling–domino” theory?
a.
The theory was a tactic of debilitating a rival country’s economy by applying progressively harsh
sanctions, which Eisenhower came to adopt reluctantly because the United States had become
increasingly dependent on the Soviet economy.
b.
Holding that the United States must be the first domino to fall by exemplifying the virtues of
democratic governance, the theory was used to back Eisenhower’s decision to turn away from
foreign policy and focus on domestic issues at home.
c.
The theory was an effective on-the-ground military strategy adopted by U.S. commanders of
toppling enemy bases in quick succession, used for the first time in Vietnam and a radical departure
from how the United States had fought wars in the past.
d.
First used to retroactively describe how all of Southeast Asia had already fallen to Communist
governments, the theory was intended to justify the Eisenhower administration’s new focus on
preventing communism from spreading to Europe.
e.
Describing how quickly communism would spread once it infiltrated a nation, the theory was used
by Eisenhower to justify beginning conflicts such as the Vietnam War, despite the fact that anti–
colonial insurgencies often resulted from nationalist motives.
48. Who was Adlai E. Stevenson?
a.
a senator revealed by Joseph McCarthy to be a Communist
b.
the secretary of state for most of Eisenhower’s presidency
c.
Eisenhower’s two-time opponent for president
d.
Eisenhower’s appointment to chief justice of the Supreme Court
e.
a leader unusually skilled in communicating with common people
49. Encouraged American propaganda broadcasts through Radio Free Europe, ________
nationalists rebelled against occupying Communist troops in 1956.
a.
Prussian
d.
Austrian
b.
Serbian
e.
Bulgarian
c.
Hungarian
50. The first step in Egyptian General Gamal Abdel Nasser’s bid to become the leader of
the Arab world was
a.
forming an alliance with the United States.
b.
declaring an armistice with Hungary.
c.
requesting the aid of British forces.
d.
establishing a caliphate in Egypt.
e.
seizing the Suez Canal.
51. What was one way in which the 1957 Soviet launch of Sputnik was significant?
a.
It led to increased U.S. government funding for science education and defense spending.
b.
An American aircraft shot it down over Cuba, starting a tense confrontation with the Soviet Union.
c.
The satellite was armed with weapons and posed a clear threat to the United States.
d.
It was a major feat in that it was the first manned spacecraft launched from Earth.
e.
The satellite was based on stolen U.S. plans, alerting the government to espionage.
52. Why did the U-2 Summit end so poorly for the United States?
a.
The Soviets were able to use their shooting down of a U.S. spy plane to embarrass Eisenhower.
b.
Khrushchev attended the meeting drunk and made outrageous accusations that angered Eisenhower.
c.
Terrorists planned to bomb the building, leading both sides no choice but to call off the summit.
d.
Eisenhower was recovering from surgery, leading Khrushchev to act more aggressively in the
negotiations.
e.
The United States had refused to engage in spying efforts against the Soviets and, thus, came across
as weak.
ESSAY
1. Describe the growth in the postwar American economy. What factors might account for
this growth?
2. What were the main reasons for suburban growth in this period? How did it affect American
society?
3. What were the prevailing images of middle-class women during the 1950s?
4. How did religious revival and neo-orthodoxy fit into the culture of the 1950s?
5. What was the cultural reaction to the growth of affluence in American society in the 1950s?
6. Detail the postwar great black migration. What impact did it have on the new locations that
were settled?
7. Discuss how the various aspects of culture changed in the 1950s. Focus particularly on
theater, literature, and painting.
8. Discuss possible reasons why American youth rebelled during a decade of unprecedented
prosperity rather than during the hard times of the Great Depression.
9. Compare the achievements of Eisenhower’s “dynamic conservatism” to those of the New Deal.
10. How did America become involved in Indochina? How did that involvement escalate during Eisenhower’s
administration?
11. What were among the most significant developments of the civil rights movement in
the 1950s? Why?
12. Why did Eisenhower’s popularity decline between 1956 and 1958?
13. Detail the election of 1952. Who were the major parties? What were the major issues of the campaigns?
14. Discuss the foreign policy philosophy of John Foster Dulles as he directed the Department
of State under President Eisenhower.
15. Trace the development of U.S.–Middle East relations during the Eisenhower administration.
16. How did Fidel Castro’s takeover in Cuba affect cold war policy?
MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
a.
was the openly gay cultural figure who wrote the provocative prose-poem “Howl”
b.
challenged bus segregation in Montgomery, Alabama, by being arrested rather than giving up a seat
to a white man
c.
wrote The Crack in the Picture Window, a vicious satire of affluent suburbia
d.
was the American pilot who had spied on the Soviets by taking pictures of military installations
e.
proclaimed the creation of a Democratic Republic of Vietnam and used force to resist the
restoration of a colonial regime
f.
was the Soviet premier who threatened to give East Germany control of East Berlin and walked out
of the resulting summit meeting
g.
was an Arkansas governor who argued that racial integration was an issue of states rights
h.
was a chief justice of the U.S. Supreme Court under whose leadership it was an engine for social
and political change
i.
led a Communist regime in Cuba and failed to be ousted despite a secret operation authorized by
Eisenhower
j.
was the prime minister of Iran who cut diplomatic ties with Great Britain and was later overthrown
1. Rosa Parks
2. Francis Gary Powers
3. John Keats
4. Allen Ginsberg
5. Nikita Khrushchev
6. Earl Warren
7. Orval Faubus
8. Ho Chi Minh
9. Mohammed Mossadegh
10. Fidel Castro