CHAPTER 19
Political Stalemate and Rural Revolt, 1865–1900
TRUE/FALSE
1. Between 1865 and 1900, the urban population of the United States dramatically increased.
2. The spread of mass transit was a major factor in the growth of the suburbs.
3. By 1900, the majority of New York City’s residents lived in tenements.
4. After 1890, most immigrants who came to the United States as part of the “new immigration”
were from northern and western Europe.
5. Cities developed new forms of leisure and mass entertainment that were difficult to have in a
rural setting.
6. Saloons were one of the few places where it was socially acceptable for both men and single
women to mingle and share recreation in urban America.
7. By the early twentieth century, going to the movie theater was the most popular form of
entertainment for working women.
8. The scientific spirit of the Gilded Age influenced the approach of realist artists.
9. Politics in the late nineteenth century was dominated by a series of presidents who were
far more powerful than the political parties.
10. President James A. Garfield was assassinated by a former Union soldier because Garfield
publicly opposed civil rights for black Americans.
11. Mugwumps tended to oppose civil service reform.
12. The Interstate Commerce Commission (ICC) was the first federal agency designed to regulate business.
13. One of the biggest problems farmers faced was falling commodity prices, caused in part by overproduction.
14. Because the Grange successfully addressed declining crop prices and the inadequate amount
of money in circulation, almost all farmers shifted their allegiance to it and abandoned the
Farmers’ Alliance.
15. Over the two decades following the election of 1896, a more diverse coalition of Democrats
and Republicans who would call themselves “progressives” emerged.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Why was the development of cast-iron and steel-frame construction techniques significant to the growth of cities?
a.
The growth of streetcars depended on such techniques.
b.
They were the primary engines of job growth.
c.
They allowed developers to erect high-rise buildings.
d.
They were outdated and slowed the growth of cities.
e.
They demonstrated the value of female ingenuity.
2. Which region of the United States had the greatest proportion of urban dwellers?
a.
the Northeast
d.
the Far West
b.
the South
e.
the Great Plains
c.
the middle Atlantic
3. What led to the growing concentration of working-class whites, immigrants, and African
Americans in the “inner cities,” while middle-class professionals and business executives
increasingly lived further away from city centers?
a.
growing belief in Reform Darwinism and the wish to spread it
b.
the increasing number of theaters and restaurants found beyond city limits
c.
the lack of jobs in general, not just those that were high paying
d.
the growth of transportation options such as streetcars and trolleys
e.
mistrust of how safe new, taller apartment complexes were
4. One of the most troublesome, unintended consequences of the growth of urban populations at
the turn of the century was the
a.
drastically decreasing number of immigrants overall in the United States.
b.
end of the “Realist” movement in art and literature and rise of the “Romantic” movement.
c.
decline of vaudeville shows as a form of public entertainment.
d.
growth of disease from the lack of sanitation in crowded city neighborhoods.
e.
lack of what one scientist called “a mania for facts.”
5. Which of the following statements accurately describes tenement houses in New York City
during the Gilded Age?
a.
They were cramped, yet offered more privacy than regular apartments.
b.
They were urban, yet offered fresh air and large amounts of natural light.
c.
They were crammed together and often housed immigrants.
d.
They helped lower crime rates by building a sense of community.
e.
They usually had two to three families in each building.
6. What do cholera, typhoid, and yellow fever all have in common?
a.
They can all be spread due to poor sanitation.
b.
They can all only be found in rural areas.
c.
They are all sexually transmitted diseases.
d.
They are all food-related diseases.
e.
They are all genetic disorders.
7. Ellis Island was constructed outside the port of New York City in response to
a.
garbage and sanitation problems.
b.
overflowing jails.
c.
the massive influx of immigrants.
d.
the harbor’s lack of defense.
e.
the growing need for housing and apartments.
8. After 1890, most immigrants were
a.
from northern and western Europe.
d.
from Mexico.
b.
from southern and eastern Europe.
e.
of the professional class.
c.
of Teutonic and Celtic origin.
9. Which of the following did “nativists” believe?
a.
Immigration was a boon to the American economy.
b.
American Indians were the preferred source of workers.
c.
The concept of an Anglo-Saxon “race” was outdated.
d.
Religion had no place in the public sphere.
e.
Immigrants were a threat to their jobs and way of life.
10. Which of the following groups largely settled in California and was the first nonwhite and
non-African group to migrate to the United States in the late nineteenth century in large
numbers?
a.
Japanese immigrants
d.
Indian immigrants
b.
Mexican immigrants
e.
Chinese immigrants
c.
Philippine immigrants
11. What was the American Protective Association?
a.
It was a group of pharmaceutical companies that began a sanitation campaign in
New York City.
b.
It was an anti-Semitic organization operating in the Deep South as part of the Republican party.
c.
It was a secret organization whose members pledged never to employ or vote for
a Roman Catholic.
d.
It was a military group that campaigned for a stronger navy from its base in
the Northeast.
e.
It was a group of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe who fought for
liberal policies.
12. Why was the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 significant in American immigration history?
a.
It sent all the Chinese immigrants in the United States back to China, establishing a precedent for
deporting long-established immigrants.
b.
It barred Chinese laborers from entering the country, becoming the first federal law to restrict
immigration on the basis of race and class.
c.
It was the first time Congress was unable to override a presidential veto of an immigration law,
highlighting the power of the executive branch.
d.
It angered most Americans, leading to massive violent protests that would successfully prevent
other immigrant groups from being targeted.
e.
It removed all restrictions from American immigration law, reinvigorating the view of America as a
country of immigrants.
13. Middle- and upper-class families in streetcar suburbs spent much of their leisure time
a.
together at home playing games or reading books.
b.
socializing in saloons.
c.
attending vaudeville shows.
d.
traveling out West.
e.
helping those in poverty.
14. Around 1900, what urban gathering place often hosted political discussions as well as social
gatherings for immigrants and working-class men?
a.
coffeehouses
d.
tenements
b.
diners
e.
saloons
c.
dance halls
15. Which of the following statements accurately describes the experiences of many working-class
women in Gilded Age America?
a.
Few working-class women, whether married or single, experienced any leisure time at all, as
venues such as the cinema were far too expensive and limited to members of the upper class.
b.
Many married working-class women worked and had little leisure time regardless, but finding
fellowship with other women on the street while tending to other responsibilities was common.
c.
Married working-class women had far more opportunities for recreation and leisure than married
working-class men, as the vast majority of them were forced to remain home during the workday.
d.
A number of working-class women ran for political office, which led to a widespread sense of
camaraderie and hope among them and contributed to improving working conditions.
e.
Most working-class women had left the cities with their families and, thus, experienced a loss of
leisure time, as they were forced to work long hours on family farms.
16. A believer in Social Darwinism would agree with which of the following?
a.
an income tax that burdened the wealthy more than the poor and used those proceeds to sponsor
food banks and homeless shelters
b.
sanitation and housing regulations paid for by tax revenue and enforced strictly by the federal
government
c.
a “hands–off” government policy in regard to business intended to protect a free, competitive
marketplace
d.
laws like the Sherman Anti-Trust Act meant to eliminate monopolies and, thus, allow a greater
variety of people to rise to the top
e.
legislation that protected the right of labor unions to organize and bargain with management
17. Which of the following is true of Herbert Spencer?
a.
He coined the phrase “survival of the fittest” and held ideas at odds with those of Charles Darwin.
b.
He believed evolutionary processes were completely separate from human social institutions.
c.
He strongly disagreed with the idea of a laissez-faire government and tried to move away from it.
d.
He was a renowned philanthropist and helped transform New York City into a welfare state.
e.
He is famous for having co-written On the Origin of Species with Charles Darwin.
18. Which of the following is true of William Graham Sumner?
a.
He established one of the many pillars of the progressive movement during the late nineteenth
century.
b.
He was one of the most outspoken opponents of Darwinism in America and refused to apply it to
social institutions.
c.
He argued in his book Folkways that it was a mistake for the government to promote equality as it
went against “survival of the fittest.”
d.
He was a government employee who, like Darwin, focused on the role of the human brain in
shaping social change.
e.
He was one of the most important realist writers in that he focused on the sentimental and
worshipped nature.
19. What was the main idea at the center of what became known as reform Darwinism?
a.
Humans, like animals, lack minds capable of bringing social change on their own.
b.
The government should remain uninvolved in both education and social work.
c.
Cooperation, rather than competition, would best promote human progress.
d.
The possibility of reform rests entirely with evolutionary forces.
e.
For society to truly reform, any “imitation” of welfare must cease.
20. Why was Lester Frank Ward’s Dynamic Sociology considered a challenge to William Graham Sumner’s “social
Darwinism”?
a.
Whereas Ward embraced the notion of “survival of the fittest,” Sumner embraced the notion of
“survival of the smartest.”
b.
Whereas Ward believed that humans had no control over their destiny, Sumner argued that as the
best fit organisms, humans had great power to promote public welfare.
c.
Whereas Ward believed that Darwinian evolution was an important discovery, Sumner strongly felt
that it went against the beliefs of Christianity.
d.
Whereas Ward believed intellect, informed by science, gave humans the ability to shape social
change, Sumner believed society functioned according to natural selection.
e.
Whereas Ward denied the existence of evolution, Sumner focused entirely on the scientific theory
of evolution as opposed to its social implications.
21. Which of the following cultural movements developed due to the experiences of the Civil War,
combined with an increasingly scientific approach to modern life?
a.
cubism
d.
Romanticism
b.
fundamentalism
e.
realism
c.
transcendentalism
22. What was the MOST common theme of literature during the Gilded Age, such as William Dean Howell’s The Rise
of Silas Lapham and Edith Wharton’s The House of Mirth?
a.
the spectacular rather than the everyday
b.
the worship of money
c.
the sentimentality of America
d.
a glorified view of the necessity of war
e.
the divinity found in nature
23. Which of the following statements accurately summarizes the nature of Gilded Age politics?
a.
Presidents tended to be far more powerful than parties during the Gilded Age, transforming the
nature of the executive branch.
b.
New movements and parties failed to arise at any point during the Gilded Age, as it came to be
defined by the remarkable existing leadership.
c.
Elections remained one of the few areas of politics that were untouched by the influence of Big
Business.
d.
Dominated by “special interests,” the Gilded Age showed more political corruption than political
innovation.
e.
Gilded Age politicians struck a sharp contrast with leaders of Big Business in that politicians based
their decisions on morality alone.
24. In what way was Gilded Age politics different from American politics today?
a.
During the Gilded Age, the payment of dues to join a party was unheard of, and members tended to
lack much loyalty to their party, often moving from one to the other.
b.
During the Gilded Age, bribery in politics was nonexistent because the federal government had put
strict rules and punishments in place to deter potential offenders.
c.
During the Gilded Age, the role of the federal government far surpassed that of state governments
due to the movement beyond sectional differences after the Civil War.
d.
During the Gilded Age, there were few potential immigrant voters, which led organizers to focus
solely on gaining the votes of long-established, aristocratic families.
e.
During the Gilded Age, most political activity was focused on the state and local levels, with the
federal government an insignificant force in the daily lives of most citizens.
25. Which of the following is true of William Tweed?
a.
He founded the Populist party and, like many populists at the time, used his influence to cut down
on the number of contracts between business leaders and politicians.
b.
He was a prominent figure in Chicago who put an end to the patronage system, causing many party
bosses in other areas to remove it as well.
c.
He founded the Greenback party and used his platform to cut back significantly on the number of
immigrants allowed into American cities.
d.
He was the mayor of Kansas City and, due to his corruption, did little to bring structure, stability,
and services to the city’s communities.
e.
He controlled the Tammany Hall ring in New York City, and like other party bosses, used a
“machine” or network of neighborhood activists and officials to govern.
26. Which of the following would MOST likely have been a Gilded Age Democrat?
a.
a New England Protestant
d.
an African American
b.
a nativist
e.
a Union veteran
c.
an Irish immigrant
27. What strategy did Republicans commonly use in political campaigns during the 1870s and 1880s?
a.
They “waved the bloody shirt,” accusing Democrats of having caused “secession and civil war.”
b.
They appealed to racial prejudices to gain white voters’ support.
c.
They courted the vote of immigrants and Catholics.
d.
They promised to adopt silver coinage to make cash more available.
e.
They promoted reformers’ plans to regulate the railroads and Big Business more aggressively.
28. Which of the following was true of both Republicans and Democrats in the 1870s?
a.
Both parties took credit for abolishing slavery and saving the Union, which led to most day–to-day
power coming to reside within the federal government.
b.
Both parties came to develop factions that promoted honesty in government, even as both had their
share of officials willing to buy or sell government jobs and legislative votes.
c.
Both parties actively pursued controversial issues due to the low voter turnout of the Gilded Age
and their certainty that they would avoid a close election.
d.
Both parties rejected the idea of high tariffs on imports in all instances, even when they would
benefit industry leaders, for fear of what it would do to the economy.
e.
Both parties suffered from the lack of party loyalty in Gilded Age America and often lost prominent
leaders who switched sides depending on the political climate at the time.
29. Which two “swing” states of the time determined many of the presidential elections in the Gilded Age?
a.
Connecticut and Massachusetts
d.
Virginia and Louisiana
b.
New York and Ohio
e.
South Carolina and Georgia
c.
Iowa and Kansas
30. Roscoe Conkling led the ________, who remained loyal to President Grant and had mastered
the patronage system, whereas James G. Blaine led the ________, who were only half loyal
to Grant and only half committed to reform of the patronage system.
a.
Democrats; Southern Democrats
d.
Half-Breeds; Stalwarts
b.
Southern Democrats; Democrats
e.
Republicans; Populists
c.
Stalwarts; Half-Breeds
31. Which of the following statements accurately describes the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act?
a.
It was intended to allow federal employees running for office to receive political contributions from
government workers.
b.
James Garfield signed it into law, even though it was strongly opposed by his vice president, the
soon-to–be-president Chester A. Arthur.
c.
Benjamin Harrison vetoed it, claiming it was “an unconstitutional intrusion of government into the
private sphere.”
d.
It set up the first racial quotas for government service jobs and was a step backward in terms of
civil rights for minorities.
e.
It provided for appointment to a number of government jobs on the basis of competitive exams and
was a limited first step in remedying the patronage process.
32. Why did Chester A. Arthur fail to win a second term in 1884?
a.
He was one of the most attention-seeking presidents in history, getting caught up in public scandals
that lost him the nomination.
b.
He was assassinated by a Stalwart while walking through a railroad station months before the
election.
c.
He had been a severe opponent of Roscoe Conkling, and Stalwarts were becoming a more
prominent and influential group.
d.
He switched parties just before the campaign season began, which lost him the support of the
Populists.
e.
Republican party leaders were upset with his efforts to clean up the spoils system and did not
nominate him to run for a second term.
33. Who were the Mugwumps?
a.
a powerful “political ring” based out of Cincinnati, Ohio, that came to influence national politics
b.
politicians who wanted to ensure that patronage remained in the hands of Democrats at the national
level
c.
a group of Republicans against James Gillespie Blaine who believed in reform and building honest
government
d.
social Darwinists who spread their social and political philosophy throughout the South and
engaged in lobbying
e.
members of a primarily rural organization who fought for the interest of farmers before the birth of
Populism
34. Mugwumps were centered in
a.
the land grant colleges across the country.
b.
the agricultural colleges of the South.
c.
the Far West and major universities.
d.
the Midwest and small colleges.
e.
large cities and major universities in the Northeast.
35. Why was the Interstate Commerce Commission created?
a.
to expand American exports
b.
to regulate railroads
c.
to encourage increased imports of foreign goods
d.
to boost the dairy industry
e.
to clean up corruption in politics
36. Which of the following statements accurately describes the Sherman Anti-Trust Act?
a.
Congress passed it due to pressure from many European nations that had already outlawed
monopolistic business practices.
b.
Democrats had control of Congress and managed to defeat its passage right at the last moment,
thereby ensuring the continuation of monopolies.
c.
It was the most well-enforced act of legislation in many decades and became the ideal model for
government regulation in business.
d.
It centered on tariff policy and convinced Republicans to lower tariff rates dramatically, thereby
allowing for more European competitors.
e.
Although largely for show, it banned the practice of powerful corporations plotting to establish
monopolies or hold back trade in their industries.
37. How did most farmers respond to falling crop prices at the end of the nineteenth century?
a.
They voluntarily grew fewer crops to decrease the supply and raise the value of the crops that they
did sell.
b.
They grew still more crops in order to make ends meet, tragically lowering the price of crops even
more by increasing the supply.
c.
They petitioned the government to buy up surplus crops to ensure that demand remained
proportional to the supply.
d.
They petitioned Congress to raise tariffs on imports from abroad to reduce international
competition.
e.
They hired immigrant laborers who would work for little money to harvest their crops and reduce
their overhead.
38. Why was the Supreme Court decision in Munn v. Illinois significant to understanding the
power of government to regulate industry?
a.
It was a ruling that lasted for a century and denied the right of state and local governments to
regulate industry.
b.
It upheld the sweeping power of the federal government to regulate any industry in any fashion it
saw fit.
c.
It denied the federal government any power to regulate any industry, as Big Business was seen as
untouchable.
d.
It upheld the right of state and local governments to regulate industry essential to the public
interest.
e.
It decided that all government regulatory power over industry rested with city and town
governments.
39. What distinguished the Granger movement from the Farmers’ Alliances?
a.
Whereas the Grange had always focused solely on social and recreational activities as a means of
raising awareness of the plight of farmers, the Alliances focused solely on political action.
b.
Whereas the Grange enacted legislation only at the state level and often took out loans from banks,
the Alliances focused solely on the local level and refused to participate in loans.
c.
Whereas the Grange supported free-silver economic policies and low tariffs, the Alliances
supported the gold standard and high tariffs.
d.
Whereas the Grange failed to address declining crop prices and the inadequate amount of money in
circulation, the Farmers’ Alliances were created expressly to solve this problem.
e.
Whereas the Grange was predominantly a wing of the Democratic party, the Alliances were
predominantly a wing of the Republican party.
40. What was the purpose of the “subtreasury plan”?
a.
It promoted deflation by withdrawing silver certificates from circulation.
b.
It reestablished the gold standard.
c.
It reclaimed unused land from the railroads.
d.
It allowed farmers to secure low-interest government loans.
e.
It said that the national bank could pull supplemental cash from private banks.
41. Who was Mary Elizabeth Lease?
a.
the initial founder of the Patrons of Husbandry who ensured the passage of the subtreasury plan
b.
an aristocrat who started a feminist movement when she was denied the ability to study law
c.
a fiery speaker for the farm protest movement who viewed eastern financiers as the enemy
d.
the writer who crafted the 1892 Omaha platform for the People’s party
e.
the lone female leader in the Stalwart movement who helped win the group the support of women
42. In the election of 1892, what political party emerged to champion the interests of rural
Americans in the South and West?
a.
the Farmers’ Alliance
d.
Republicans
b.
Democrats
e.
the Greenback party
c.
the People’s party
43. Which of the following was true of the Populist candidate James B. Weaver during the
presidential election of 1892?
a.
He campaigned against the eight–hour workday and protected immigrants viewed as “undesirables”
because they were needed to fill the overabundance of jobs.
b.
He captured the attention of the nation due to his charisma and came close to winning the
presidency by gaining the popular vote but losing the electoral college.
c.
He campaigned on unlimited coinage of silver, a progressive income tax whose rates would rise
with income levels, and federal ownership of the railroads and telegraph system.
d.
He sought to decrease the power of the federal government in favor of supporting Big Business
alone due to important campaign ties to business leaders.
e.
He won the election because he was running against two little-known politicians who were
representing the Republican party and Democratic party.
44. One of the causes of the 1893 depression was failure of
a.
the Philadelphia and Reading Railroad.
b.
the stock market.
c.
the commodity price index.
d.
housing starts in 1891 and 1892.
e.
regulation of the railroads on the part of Cleveland.
45. Which of the following accurately describes Cleveland’s response to the depression of 1893?
a.
He led with such authority and promise that he managed to prevent a wave of labor unrest from
occurring.
b.
He acted too conservatively, causing the weak economy to have less money in circulation when it
needed more.
c.
As a populist, he had the primary objective of promoting capitalism and, in effect, refused to
interfere in the economy.
d.
He became a national hero because most of the country blamed the economic crisis on the
Republicans and their legislation.
e.
He sent Coxey’s army to the hardest-hit regions of the country to help citizens cope with the
economic downturn.
46. Following the 1893 depression, Coxey’s Army
a.
demanded government jobs for the unemployed.
b.
organized a massive protest march down Wall Street.
c.
tried to overthrow the government.
d.
carried Cleveland into the White House.
e.
formed as a faction of Republican congressmen.
47. Which of the following was an important issue for the People’s party in the election of 1896?
a.
reducing government regulation of business
b.
the repeal of the Chinese Exclusion Act
c.
federal Indian policy
d.
preserving the gold standard
e.
the free coinage of silver
48. What was one reason why the Democratic convention in 1896 held in Chicago was one of the
greatest turning points in American political history?
a.
Cleveland emerged as stronger than ever due to his success in quickly responding to and curbing
the depression of 1893, setting a precedent for future presidents.
b.
The economic issues of everyday people were largely forgotten, as candidates focused solely on
how best to support Big Business in their speeches and campaigns to the public.
c.
Promises made to African Americans and immigrants for the first time became the central focus of
a presidential election, as they were considered the most influential block of voters.
d.
The Democratic Party was fractured, and the Silverite, largely rural delegates surprised the party
leadership and the “Gold Democrats,” or “goldbugs,” by capturing control of the convention.
e.
For the first time since the Civil War, the Democrats developed a unified platform that would go on
to earn them votes in all areas of the country and secure them a presidential victory.
49. What was the significance of William Jennings Bryan’s “cross of gold” speech in which he famously said, “You
shall not crucify mankind upon a cross of gold”?
a.
Bryan’s speech came to represent his “front–porch campaign” in which he allowed other
Republicans to do much of the talking and adopted a strictly middle-of-the-road approach in order
to retain the votes of “goldbugs.”
b.
The Republicans were so moved by Bryan’s speech that they threw their support behind him,
ushering in a new era in which there were few major philosophical differences between parties and
it was more about the candidate.
c.
Bryan’s speech guaranteed that the Populists would go on to win the presidential election of 1896,
thereby officially marking the end of the traditional two-party system in the United States for much
of the next century.
d.
In agreeing to continue to back Bryan, despite the scandal that was the focus of his speech,
Democrats openly showed that they prized party loyalty above all else and would ignore public
opinion in terms of elections.
e.
Aware of the high stakes of the election due to the depression, Democrats who had supported
Cleveland were alienated by Bryan’s positions in the speech, dismissed him as a socialist, and
nominated their own candidate.
50. The People’s party (the Populists) supported which candidate in the election of 1896?
a.
William McKinley
d.
Benjamin Harrison
b.
William Jennings Bryan
e.
Theodore Roosevelt
c.
James Weaver
51. During the 1896 campaign, William Jennings Bryan
a.
promised to continue the policies of Grover Cleveland.
b.
tried to deemphasize his platform’s demand for free silver.
c.
spoke and campaigned all over the country.
d.
refused to mix politics and religion.
e.
ran what journalists called a “front–porch campaign.”
52. What was one of the main reasons for McKinley’s presidential victory?
a.
Bryan could not win the support of rural America.
b.
Bryan was a terrible orator who bored his audience with his speeches.
c.
Bryan’s “front–porch campaign” alienated many voters.
d.
Bryan got little support from factory workers in the cities.
e.
The Populists refused to support his candidacy.
53. Which of the following happened as a result of the election of 1896?
a.
Republicans adopted much of the Democratic party’s platform after winning the election, including
the increased coinage of silver.
b.
James A. Garfield won the election, but was assassinated before he was sworn into office.
c.
The Panic of 1893 worsened and led to further unrest across the country.
d.
As president, William Jennings Bryan eliminated the gold standard, expanding the coinage of
silver.
e.
The Populist party disintegrated, but later reformers would enact many of its ideas.
ESSAY
1. How did immigration to America change in the latter half of the nineteenth century, and what
was the response to that change?
2. Compare social Darwinism and reform Darwinism. What were the basic assumptions of each movement?
3. Describe the “urban culture” and discuss its growth in the later part of the nineteenth century.
How did life in the big city reflect the changes and challenges of urbanization?
4. Describe politics in the Gilded Age. What were the main issues? What factors influenced voters to
be either Republican or Democrat?
5. By the end of the Gilded Age, the values of a metropolitan and industrial America had triumphed
over those of a rural and agrarian America. What evidence supports this statement?
6. Describe how living in an urban environment impacted women’s lives.
7. Describe the relationship among urbanization, immigration, and boss politics. In what ways did
all three grow simultaneously and influence one another?
8. How did farmers respond to the economic and political challenges of the last few decades
of the nineteenth century? As part of your response, be sure to address how this response
may have changed between the 1870s and 1890s.
9. Discuss the status of the American economy as the nineteenth century came to an end. Be sure to include the issues
of currency and the tension between the silverites and the goldbugs.
10. Describe the Election of 1896, including the key issues and candidates. As part of your response,
be sure to address the significance of this election for populism in America.
MATCHING
Match each description with the item below.
a.
was a government employee who had worked his way out of poverty and became chief
spokesperson for reform Darwinism
b.
wrote On the Origin of Species and demonstrated the impact of the concept known as “natural
selection”
c.
was inaugurated as president at a time of economic recovery in part due to inflation following a
depression
d.
was a New York City painter known for his “spectatorial sensibility,” observing the lives of others
on the street and through windows
e.
was a president who supported the Half-Breeds, gave an inaugural address passionately defending
civil rights, and opposed labor unions and the women’s vote
f.
was a fiery, evangelical moralist who believed that allowing the masses to become prosperous
would benefit every class
g.
distanced himself as president from the Stalwarts, surprised many by becoming a civil service
reformer, and contracted a kidney disease while in office
h.
led march on Washington, D.C., to demand that the federal government provide jobs for the
unemployed
i.
was part of the Department of Agriculture and founded the Grange following a tour of the southern
United States
j.
was an attorney and charismatic speaker for the farm protest movement who believed the two
political parties were dishonest
1. William Jennings Bryan
2. Oliver H. Kelley
3. William McKinley
4. Chester Arthur
5. Jacob S. Coxey
6. Mary Elizabeth Lease
7. James A. Garfield
8. Charles Darwin
9. John Sloan
10. Lester Frank Ward