21. During the debate over ratification of the Constitution, the __________ insisted that the new
document would eventually lead to corruption and tyranny.
a. Federalists
b. Whigs
c. Democrat Republicans
d. anti-Federalists
e. American Party
22. Which of the following statements correctly describes Mercy Otis Warren?
a. She was the most prominent woman in America to write regular political commentary.
b. She was the most prominent female physician in the 1790s.
c. She was the discoverer and first producer of a smallpox vaccine.
d. She was arrested for protesting the lack of specific rights for women in the Constitution.
e. She was the only woman decorated by the U.S. Army for brave service during the
Revolution.
23. Supporters of the Constitution who defended it in published articles in papers across the
nation were known as the
a. Federalists.
b. Whigs.
c. Democrat Republicans.
d. anti-Federalists.
e. American Party.
24. How many state legislatures were needed to ratify the Constitution before it became the
“law of the land”?
a. Seven
b. Nine
c. Ten
d. Eleven
e. All thirteen
25. In what way was the United States “virtually alone” among other western nations in the late
eighteenth century?
a. Its Constitution established a social class system.
b. Its Constitution created a pure democracy.
c. Its Constitution did not establish a national church.
d. Its Constitution formed a tricameral legislature.
e. Its Constitution made its indigenous peoples citizens.
26. Once the Constitution was ratified, leaders such as Thomas Jefferson and James Madison
desired that the United States remain mostly a nation of
a. businessmen and industrialists.
b. servants and slaves.
c. elites and middle class.
d. small, independent farmers.
e. educated entrepreneurs.
27. __________ wrote An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations, which
provided the first full description of modern capitalism.
a. Thomas Jefferson
b. Thomas Paine
c. Andrew Carnegie
d. Adam Smith
e. John Maynard Keynes
28. Why was James Madison opposed to Alexander Hamilton’s plans in his first “Report on
Public Credit” regarding the national debt incurred during the Revolutionary War?
a. Madison thought that the war-related debt should not be repaid.
b. Madison was concerned that more of the debt was owed to northerners than southerners.
c. Madison thought that creating a national bank alone would be sufficient for paying the
debt.
d. Madison was offended by the compromise offered and wanted the national capital to
remain in New York.
e. Madison argued that Great Britain must be held accountable for paying all debts
incurred.
29. How was Secretary of the Treasury Alexander Hamilton able to raise federal revenue?
a. Arguing against the idea of “implied powers” in the Constitution
b. Creating the first federal taxes, such as those on imported goods
c. Prohibiting any federal aid from going to the development of manufacturing
d. Eliminating taxes on whiskey and other alcoholic beverages
e. Putting the southern states in charge of initiatives for industrial growth
30. Why was the creation of a national bank controversial?
a. A national bank would not have any power to regulate the role of state-chartered banks
in issuing paper currency.
b. Madison, Jefferson, and their supporters argued that the Constitution did not say
anything about creating one.
c. A national bank would not have any power to transfer monies to other nations.
d. A national bank would set the precedent that future lawmakers must follow the original
language of the Constitution word for word.
e. Business loans would no longer be possible under a national bank, leading to economic
distress.
31. Alexander Hamilton’s “Report on Manufactures” most favored
a. increased shipping.
b. increased industrialization.
c. increased agricultural production.
d. increased economic diversification.
e. a balanced flow of supplies to Europe with a slight increase of demand.
32. At the beginning of the French Revolution, __________ supported it, whereas __________
wanted no part of it.
a. Jefferson; Washington
b. Genet; Jefferson
c. Bonaparte; Adams
d. Knox; Randolph
e. Pinckney; Jay
33. Who was the controversial French ambassador to the United States who openly recruited
American volunteers to commit acts of war against England and Spain?
a. Edmond-Charles-Édouard Genet
b. Jean-Luc Picard
c. Charles Boyer
d. Pierre Gustave Toutant-Beauregard
e. Charles De Gaulle
34. Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson resigned in late 1793 because of the Washington
administration’s
a. liberal politics.
b. conservative politics.
c. support for the French Revolution.
d. lack of support for the French and support for Hamilton’s economic policies.
e. taxation policies and aggressive foreign policy.
35. The Battle of Fallen Timbers saw the increase of large tracts of land secured from Native
Americans in the future state of
a. Pennsylvania.
b. Missouri.
c. Ohio.
d. Texas.
e. Tennessee.
36. The Whiskey Rebellion was the result of
a. western resistance to a tax on whiskey.
b. Washington’s refusal to accept alcohol as a form of trade.
c. Adams’s decision to abolish the whiskey tax.
d. Jefferson’s refusal to negotiate with Edmund Genet during the French Revolution.
e. Washington’s Neutrality Proclamation.
37. The treaty with Spain that provided United States access to New Orleans was negotiated by
a. William Marbury.
b. Thomas Jefferson.
c. Thomas Pinckney.
d. William Henderson.
e. Alexander Hamilton.
38. __________ led thousands of American settlers west through the Appalachian Mountains to
settle new territory in what would become Kentucky and Tennessee.
a. Davey Crockett
b. Daniel Boone
c. Lewis and Clark
d. Zebulon Pike
e. Johnny Appleseed
39. One of the things Washington warned against in his farewell address was
a. industrialization.
b. love of God and country.
c. foreign entanglements.
d. a large public debt.
e. free health care.
40. The first partisan presidential election in the United States (with candidates aligned with
political parties) was in
a. 1800.
b. 1798.
c. 1796.
d. 1792.
e. 1788.
41. What was the XYZ affair?
a. An attempt to bring the United States into the French Revolution on the side of the
British
b. An attempt by the French government to extort a bribe from the United States
c. An attempt by Jefferson to win the 1800 election through bribery
d. The result of the British attempt to break the Treaty of Alliance of 1778
e. The process by which the United States began to secure peace with France
42. Which of the following did the adoption of the Alien and Sedition Acts cause?
a. It mended the political divide between Federalists and Democratic Republicans.
b. It allowed immigrants to become citizens within a year after moving to the United
States.
c. It led to the theory of nullification introduced in the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions.
d. It was the most popular policy of Adams’s administration and allowed for his reelection.
e. It overturned the 1800 election between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron Burr.
ESSAY
1. Discuss the strengths and weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation and assess why
American political leadership by 1787 had determined that the Articles needed to be revised
and/or replaced.
2. What major compromises were made at the Constitutional Convention? What issues were
settled? What issues remained unsettled?
3. Compare and contrast the views of the Federalists and the anti-Federalists during the
ratification process of the Constitution. Which groups had the stronger arguments? Why?
4. Describe the political concept of “federalism.” How did advocates of the Constitution
propose to establish and maintain federalism with the new structure of government?
5. In what way were the Federalists (during the Constitution ratification process; not the
political party of the 1790s) “nationalists”? Evaluate whether the anti-Federalists were more
federalist than the Federalists.
MATCHING
Match each person with one of the following descriptions.
a. Negotiated an agreement with Great Britain that settled disputes about issues such as trade,
prewar debts, and British-occupied forts in America
b. Wrote the Virginia Plan and argued for a Congress composed of two houses
c. Wrote essays that described prejudices and discrimination toward women and argued for
equality for women
d. Became the first vice president but was serving abroad while the Constitution was written
e. Was a destitute and disgruntled Massachusetts farmer who sought debt relief from the state
legislature
f. Was an ambassador who violated American neutrality laws and needed to be replaced
g. Tied Jefferson in the presidential election of 1800 and was a prominent political figure in
New York
h. Was a philosopher whose understanding of a diverse capitalist economy helped inspire
Alexander Hamilton’s reforms
i. Aided American prisoners of war during the Revolutionary War and demanded freedoms for
women
j. Served as presiding officer of the Constitutional Convention but expressed uncertainty over
how long the Constitution would last
1. John Adams
2. James Madison
3. Judith Sargent Murray
4. Citizen Genet
5. Daniel Shays
6. Aaron Burr
7. Adam Smith
8. Eliza Yonge Wilkinson
9. John Jay
10. George Washington
