20. Within the New England colonies, which of the following held true?
a. Only Separatists could be found.
b. The economy centered exclusively on fishing.
c. All early settlers were Puritans.
d. Church attendance was mandatory even for the unsaved.
e. People only lived on farms.
21. The southern colonies pursued an agriculturally based economy, whereas the New England
colonies
a. had to rely on the Native Americans for food.
b. never engaged in agriculture.
c. had a more diverse economy including trade, farming, and fishing.
d. relied almost exclusively on the raising of cattle.
e. survived primarily as shipbuilders.
22. By the eighteenth century, the population of the English colonies was
a. increasingly diverse.
b. becoming less diverse.
c. a functioning democratic republic.
d. more than 60 percent non-English.
e. 75 percent white.
23. What were the largest non-English ethnic groups in the English colonies in the eighteenth
century?
a. Scots-Irish and Germans
b. Jews and Muslims
c. Africans and Asians
d. Spanish and French
e. Canadian and Mexican
24. Which statement regarding colonial-era slavery is accurate?
a. Slavery was only used in the colonial South.
b. Slavery was practiced in all the English colonies, but predominantly in the South.
c. Slavery was a temporary state.
d. Slavery was never legally tied to race.
e. Slaves had more legal rights than indentured servants.
25. European settlers considered slavery a __________ rather than a social evil.
a. “personal misfortune”
b. “positive good”
c. “misguided notion”
d. “difficult circumstance”
e. “necessary evil”
26. When did large numbers of white Europeans and Americans finally begin to raise ethical
questions about slavery?
a. Not until the fifteenth century
b. Not until the sixteenth century
c. Not until the seventeenth century
d. Not until the eighteenth century
e. Not until the twentieth century
27. Which of the following statements regarding African slavery in the English colonies by the
mid-1700s is accurate?
a. Slavery only existed in the southern colonies.
b. All Africans slaves were treated the same, no matter where they lived.
c. The number of African slaves in the colonies dropped from the seventeenth to the
eighteenth century.
d. The majority of slaves were in Virginia and Maryland.
e. All Southerners had slaves.
28. Why did plantation owners in Virginia and Maryland prefer West African slaves?
a. They were the least aggressive.
b. They already spoke English.
c. They cultivated tobacco in West Africa.
d. Yam cultivation in West Africa was similar to tobacco cultivation.
e. West African men had a reputation of being the strongest on the continent.
29. Which of the following statements describes the African slaves brought to the Americas?
a. They were very diverse, and their experiences differed widely.
b. They all shared the same language.
c. They all practiced the same polytheistic religion.
d. They tended to be older than thirty years of age when they arrived.
e. They were captured exclusively by whites in Africa.
30. During the __________ a band of slaves killed 25 whites as they headed toward Spanish
Florida and possible freedom.
a. Nat Turner Revolt
b. Spanish-English War
c. Whisky Rebellion
d. Slave Insurrection
e. Stono Rebellion
31. Which of the following correctly describes the composition or prevalence of large coastal
cities in the English colonies?
a. They dominated the colonial landscape.
b. They held approximately 50% of the colonial population.
c. They were confined almost exclusively to the South.
d. They never comprised more than 10% of the population.
e. They held no slaves at all.
32. During the first decades of the eighteenth century, __________ was the largest colonial
city—population approximately 30,000.
a. Philadelphia
b. New York City
c. Boston
d. Charleston
e. Jamestown
33. Which of the following statements correctly describes the burst of intellectual inquiry
known as the Enlightenment?
a. It championed scientific thinking.
b. It praised anarchy.
c. It encouraged religion.
d. It spread from the English colonies to Europe.
e. It took the form of a Protestant faith.
34. Which of the following statements was true of Enlightenment thinkers?
a. They believed that reason could be used to improve society and human nature.
b. They argued that all religions were for the unenlightened and the foolish.
c. They were not influenced by scientists like Sir Isaac Newton.
d. They valued only financial gain.
e. They believed that politics was a foolish waste of time.
35. The belief that God planned and created the universe, set it in motion, then stepped back
never again to intervene is known as
a. atheism.
b. deism.
c. orthodoxy.
d. secular humanism.
e. rationalism.
36. The ideal example of a colonial Enlightenment thinker is
a. George Whitfield.
b. George Washington.
c. Jonathan Edwards.
d. Benjamin Franklin.
e. Andrew Jackson.
37. Which of the following statements about the Great Awakening was correct?
a. It involved only the colonial elites.
b. It was in line with the rising Enlightenment interest in reason.
c. It tapped into a widespread sense of religious decline.
d. It was limited only to the Quaker colony of Pennsylvania.
e. It began with Native Americans.
38. At the start of the Great Awakening, which of the following was true?
a. Few colonies had churches.
b. Most colonists lived in a colony with an officially sanctioned church.
c. Most colonists were both literate and college educated.
d. All colonists were Puritans.
e. All colonists were Catholics.
39. Preacher Jonathan Edwards believed
a. that material wealth was a sign of God’s favor.
b. that only certain people could be saved.
c. that religion had lost its emotional force.
d. that too many ministers were overly emotional.
e. in the authority of the Pope.
40. Which of the following was true of both the Enlightenment and the Great Awakening?
a. They resulted in far less religious denominations.
b. They encouraged individual decision making.
c. They strengthened the status of the traditional clergy and state-supported churches.
d. They were strongly at odds with the ideas of freedom during the American Revolution.
e. They began in Spain and then moved to the colonies.
ESSAY
1. How did the lifestyles and economies of the southern, New England, and middle colonies
differ?
2. Explain why families in eighteenth-century America were generally larger and healthier
than their counterparts in England.
3. How did the “secular” ideas of the Enlightenment in America precipitate the “revival”
desires that led to the Great Awakening?
4. Describe the unique natures of colonial cities. Focus your emphasis on the social and
political order as well as the “urban web.”
5. According to the textbook, “both geographically and culturally, the middle colonies…stood
between New England and the South.” Explain what is meant by that statement.
MATCHING
Match each person with one of the following descriptions.
a. Delivered the sermon “Sinners in the
Hands of an Angry God”
b. Was an Irish-born Presbyterian revivalist
c. Developed the theory of gravitation
d. Moved to Philadelphia and became a
publisher
e. Stole her husband’s horse in order to
spread the gospel to rural neighbors
f. Planted indigo as an exotic staple crop
g. Believed that “natural rights” should be
respected
h. Was accused of witchcraft
i. Was a deist and believed that “reason”
was the highest virtue
j. Organized biracial prayer meetings that
included both men and women
1. Tituba
2. Jonathan Edwards
3. Benjamin Franklin
4. John Locke
5. Eliza Lucas Pinckney
6. Isaac Newton
7. William Tennent
8. Bathsheba Kingsley
9. Thomas Jefferson
10. Sarah Haggard Osborne
