Chapter 28: Rebellion and Reaction, The 1960s and 1970s
CORE OBJECTIVES
1. Explore the origins of the youth revolt and compare the responses of the New Left and the
TRUE/FALSE
1. The New Left came together in opposition to Richard Nixon’s policies.
2. In 1968, students of Students for a Democratic Society (SDS) promoted the anti-war
movement by occupying offices and classrooms and shutting down Columbia University.
3. A rebirth of the women’s movement in the 1960s was broader than earlier movements and
focused on equal rights in every area of life.
4. Betty Friedan helped spark the women’s movement in 1963 with the publication of her
book The Feminine Mystique.
5. The Hispanic American leader Cesar Chavez emphasized the value of nonviolent mass
protest, such as the la huelga, a union strike against corporate grape growers.
6. Red Power refers to activism by militant Hispanic American groups in an effort to acquire
better living conditions.
7. The Stonewall Riots were an attempt to “stonewall” or block an emerging gay rights
movement.
8. President Nixon strongly supported court efforts to complete school desegregation.
9. In 1971, Nixon imposed wage and price controls in an effort to curb inflation.
10. When North Vietnam invaded South Vietnam in 1975, U.S. troops were sent back into the
region.
11. Within months of the U.S. troop withdrawal in 1973, the cease-fire in Vietnam collapsed.
12. During his presidency, Richard Nixon preferred to address foreign policy issues over
domestic concerns.
13. Part of the “Nixon Doctrine” said that the United States would provide weapons and money
for nations threatened by communism, but no soldiers.
14. Late in President Nixon’s first term, the United States cut economic and diplomatic ties with
communist China and forced them out of the United Nations.
15. Richard Nixon was impeached for Watergate-related offenses.
16. In response to Nixon’s use of “executive privilege” to withhold evidence during Watergate,
Congress bolstered the 1966 Freedom of Information Act to require timely responses to
requests for information from government files.
17. The struggling economy proved to be one of the most important developments during
Ford’s presidency.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. In 1962, Tom Hayden and Al Haber created the __________, the first campus organization
based on the tactics employed during the Civil Rights movement.
a. National Association for Campus Activities
b. Students for a Democratic Society
c. Young Republicans
d. College Democrats
e. Students Against Drunk Driving
2. The student free-speech movement was led by __________ in response to the University of
California at Berkeley chancellor’s ban on campus political demonstrations.
a. Tony Stewart
b. Ben McCarty
c. Mario Savio
d. Tom Hayden
e. William McKinley
3. To avoid military service during the Vietnam War, several thousand young men moved to
a. Canada.
b. Mexico.
c. Great Britain.
d. Alaska.
e. the Bahamas.
4. During the 1960s, __________ were characterized by long hair, beards on men, no makeup
for women, casual sex, and communal living arrangements.
a. Yuppies
b. Beats
c. Hippies
d. Counterculturalists
e. Generation Xers
5. Thanks to __________ of the Educational Amendments of 1972, discrimination on the basis
of gender was forbidden at institutions that received federal funding.
a. Section 8
b. Title IX
c. Amendment X
d. Paragraph 6
e. Article XXIII
6. In 1973, the landmark Supreme Court case __________ struck down state laws forbidding
abortion.
a. Hill v. Stone
b. The Hopwood Case
c. Roe v. Wade
d. Smith v. Allwright
e. Baker v. Carr
7. Founded in the 1960s, __________ worked to promote the advancement of women in
American society.
a. NAACP
b. NCAA
c. GOP
d. NOW
e. ERA
8. Which of the following helped the sexual revolution grow during the 1960s?
a. Approval of the birth control pill by the FDA
b. Availability of and access to vehicles
c. The decline of sexually transmitted diseases
d. A decline in religious affiliation
e. Increased belief in evolution
9. Which of the following statements accurately describes the state of Hispanic rights in the
1960s?
a. Mexican American leaders maintained the bracero program in the 1960s and after,
believing that allowing new Mexican immigrants to have low-paying jobs would help
the economic advancement of Mexican Americans who had been citizens for longer.
b. After World War II, Mexican Americans experienced very little discrimination in hiring,
housing, and education, although activists still fought for ways to celebrate their culture
in everyday society.
c. Hispanic Americans’ service in the military during World War II had helped to instill a
clearer sense of American identity and to inspire them to pursue equality, for they still
often experienced segregation, discrimination, and limited opportunities.
d. The population of Hispanic Americans was at its largest in the 1960s, but their rights
and social equality only began to improve substantially when the population became
much smaller in the 2000s.
e. Strikes and hunger strikes, such as those led by Cesar Chavez, failed to gain widespread
media attention, for the primary way Hispanic Americans gained awareness and support
for their cause was by working hard at low-paying jobs.
10. Cesar Chavez founded the __________, a union for Mexican American migrant farm
workers.
a. United Farm Workers
b. League of Latin American Citizens
c. La Raza
d. National Hispanic Council
e. Latino Association of Workers
11. Which of the following statements accurately describes the state of Native American rights
in the 1960s?
a. Of all minority groups in the United States at the time, Native Americans proved
relatively well off because they had the longest life expectancy and lowest suicide rates.
b. Native American rights were considered low priority because they refused to engage in
activism of any sort due to their cultural beliefs.
c. Because the U.S. government had largely upheld treaties with Native Americans in the
past, they did not see a need to revisit them for the future.
d. With very high unemployment rates, the situation of Native Americans was more
desperate than that of any other group in the United States.
e. Sit-ins and occupations like that of Wounded Knee were unsuccessful because they did
not attract wide media attention, and federal negotiators still refused to hear their cause.
12. George Mitchell and Dennis Banks of the Ojibwa nation founded the __________ in 1968
to protest treatment of Native Americans in the United States.
a. Native American League
b. American Indian Movement
c. Indian Affairs Bureau
d. American Native Association
e. United Farm Workers
13. Which of the following statements accurately describes the state of gay rights in the 1960s
and 1970s?
a. The U.S. government officially recognized gay marriage and appointed many gay
leaders.
b. The Stonewall riots instilled fear, causing the number of those participating in gay rights
movements to decrease drastically.
c. Betty Friedan broke out as one of the earliest champions of gay rights, initially making
lesbianism a public part of the women’s movement.
d. Every major city came to have a visible gay community, and hundreds of gay
organizations were formed.
e. Throughout the 1960s, gay men and lesbians no longer faced cruelty and violence,
thanks to the activism of the 1950s.
14. A major reason for Nixon’s victories in the presidential elections of 1968 and 1972 was
a. Vietnamization.
b. his southern strategy.
c. Watergate.
d. Filegate.
e. deification.
15. President Nixon’s New Federalism plan promoted
a. sending federal monies to the states to spend as they saw fit.
b. increasing taxes to pay for the war in Vietnam.
c. sending more white men to Vietnam instead of minorities.
d. spending more money on domestic programs at the federal level.
e. lowering taxes because the war in Vietnam was ending.
16. In the case __________, the Supreme Court ordered that school systems must bus students
out of their neighborhoods to achieve racial equality, if necessary.
a. Swann v. Charlotte-Mecklenburg Board of Education
b. Brown v. Board of Education
c. The Hopwood Case
d. Alexander v. Holmes County Board of Education
e. Roe v. Wade
17. Despite not having a reputation for protecting the environment, President Nixon created
both __________ and __________.
a. the Clean Air Act; OSHA
b. the Clean Water Act; OSHA
c. the EPA; NOAA
d. the Clean Air Act; Clean Water Act
e. UNICEF; UNCF
18. As he took office in 1969, President Nixon announced that a new era of __________ with
the Soviets and Chinese would replace the traditional confrontation tactics.
a. confrontation
b. negotiation