Chapter 27: New Frontiers, 1960–1968
CORE OBJECTIVES
1. Assess President John F. Kennedy’s efforts to contain communism abroad and pursue civil
TRUE/FALSE
1. The Peace Corps was a group of Republican young people who campaigned for Nixon and
other conservative candidates in 1960.
2. From the beginning of his presidency, Kennedy vigorously supported black civil rights.
3. According to the textbook, the Cuban Missile Crisis was the closest the world has ever
come to a nuclear war.
4. Nonviolent “sit–ins” became an effective tactic in dismantling segregation by the early
1960s.
5. The March on Washington in August 1963 was the largest political demonstration in U.S.
history.
6. By 1966, Martin Luther King Jr. had become a leading spokesman for “black power.”
7. President Johnson was not as adept at handling legislation in Congress as President
Kennedy had been.
8. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 gave new powers to the federal government to enforce civil
rights.
9. Lyndon Johnson’s domestic program was called the “Great Society.”
10. Johnson’s “Great Society” programs helped reduce the number of elderly people living in
poverty.
11. Congress narrowly defeated President Johnson’s request in 1964 for authorization to “take
all necessary measures” to prevent further aggression in Vietnam.
12. George F. Kennan, author of the containment doctrine, stated that the policy was not
appropriate for Southeast Asia.
13. The Tet offensive marked a turning point in public opposition for the war in Vietnam.
14. After Martin Luther King Jr.’s assassination, violence finally diminished across the nation.
15. In the presidential election of 1968, Richard Nixon appealed to a “silent majority” of
working- and middle-class voters.
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The name of President Kennedy’s domestic policy was the
a. New Frontier.
b. Final Countdown.
c. Final Frontier.
d. Return to Normalcy.
e. New Freedom.
2. President Kennedy was the first __________ and the __________ man to be elected
president in U.S. history.
a. Roman Catholic; youngest
b. Irish immigrant; tallest
c. man from Massachusetts; wealthiest
d. Independent party member; most liberal
e. “dark horse” candidate; least political
3. According to the textbook, the most important development in domestic life during the
sixties occurred in
a. civil rights.
b. preparation for the conflict in Vietnam.
c. the addressing of fears over Cuba.
d. the passage of Cold War legislation.
e. the development of new consumer technologies.
4. President Kennedy was humiliated by a failed attack on Cuba by CIA-trained Cuban exiles
at
a. Havana.
b. Santiago Heights.
c. Guantanamo Bay.
d. the Bay of Pigs.
e. Venezuela.
5. What did President Kennedy do after his disastrous performance at the Vienna Summit?
a. He launched an invasion of Hungary.
b. He called up Army Reserve and National Guard units to protect West Berlin.
c. He put all nuclear bombers on 24-hour alert.
d. He mobilized the 101st Airborne Division to Normandy.
e. He built a wall around West Berlin to protect it from Communist invasion.
6. How did the Soviet Union react to President Kennedy’s show of force in West Berlin after
the Vienna Summit?
a. They launched an invasion of Romania.
b. They built a wall between East and West Berlin.
c. They refused to allow people to leave West Berlin.
d. They cut off wheat shipments to the United States.
e. They attacked Vietnam.
7. In 1962, U.S. spy planes discovered what appeared to be Soviet missile sites in
a. Panama.
b. Hungary.
c. Cuba.
d. Guatemala.
e. Puerto Rico.
8. During his time in office, President Kennedy __________ the number of U.S. military
personnel in Vietnam.
a. significantly reduced
b. greatly increased
c. did not change
d. was not informed of
e. kept top secret
9. The civil rights movement gained momentum in 1960 when several young black men staged
a “sit–in” at a __________ lunch counter.
a. Costco
b. Woolworth’s
c. Walgreens
d. Winn-Dixie
e. Wal-Mart
10. Because of the tenacity of the Freedom Riders in the early 1960s,
a. the Interstate Commerce Commission ordered all interstate transportation integrated.
b. President Kennedy abolished segregation in public schools.
c. President Kennedy abolished segregation on public buses.
d. President Kennedy upheld the doctrine of separate but equal.
e. the Supreme Court ruled that all schools must be integrated.
11. How did President Kennedy react to the Freedom Riders?
a. He supported their efforts.
b. He signed legislation making it illegal to segregate on buses.
c. He dismissed them as publicity seekers.
d. He abolished segregation in the North to show support.
e. He encouraged the police in southern states to attack them.
12. President Kennedy sent National Guard troops to __________ in 1962 to ensure that black
student James Meredith was allowed to enroll.
a. the University of Virginia
b. Louisiana State University
c. the University of Mississippi
d. the University of Alabama
e. the University of South Carolina
13. Who wrote “Letter from Birmingham Jail” while incarcerated for participating in a civil
rights demonstration?
a. Malcom X
b. Denzel Washington
c. Martin Luther King Jr.
d. W. E. B. Du Bois
e. Marcus Garvey
14. To prevent racial integration from occurring at the University of Alabama, Governor
___________ blocked the door to the institution.
a. Harvey Keitel
b. Marcus Garvey
c. George Wallace
d. William Clinton
e. James Earl Jones
15. The __________ in August 1963 was the largest political demonstration American history.
a. Million Man March
b. Crusade for Justice
c. March to the Sea
d. March on Washington
e. Trail of Tears
16. The most articulate spokesman for the black power movement was
a. Martin Luther King Jr.
b. Marcus Garvey.
c. George Wallace.
d. Malcom X.
e. Booker T. Washington.
17. As the head of SNCC, Stokely Carmichael enforced a separatist philosophy by
a. segregating the organization.
b. recommending a “back to Africa” movement.
c. ousting whites from the organization.
d. allowing only members of the Nation of Islam to join.
e. kicking women out of the organization.
18. Despite being a southern Democrat, Lyndon Johnson was extremely committed to
__________ legislation once he became president.
a. liberal
b. conservative
c. fiscally irresponsible
d. Republican-sponsored
e. civil rights
19. The __________ of 1964 reduced tax rates in the United States by 20 percent to boost the
economy by giving consumers more money to spend.
a. Mongrel Tariff Act
b. Revenue Act
c. North American Free Trade Act
d. Williams-Sonoma Act
e. Johnson Debt Reduction Act
20. According to the textbook, the __________ is arguably the single most important piece of
legislation created in the twentieth century.
a. Johnson Debt Default Act of 1968.