26. What did the Securities and Exchange Commission do?
a. It allowed for unlicensed stock brokers.
b. It set up the Wall Street Stock Exchange.
c. It regulated the trading and issuance of stocks and bonds.
d. It instituted a four day bank holiday.
e. It made speculation illegal.
27. The Twenty-First Amendment, passed in 1933, allowed
a. American women to vote.
b. Americans to drink alcohol again.
c. Americans to peacefully assemble.
d. Americans to avoid military service.
e. Native Americans to vote.
28. The first large-scale federal experiment with work relief was
a. the Works Progress Administration (WPA).
b. the Civil Works Administration (CWA).
c. the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA).
d. the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
e. Social Security.
29. Which of the following correctly describes the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)?
a. It guaranteed that deposits in savings accounts remained secure.
b. It helped homeowners refinance their mortgages to avoid bankruptcy.
c. It hired young people to perform reforestation and conservation work.
d. It resulted in the creation of the Bonus Expeditionary Force.
e. It was of the least successful New Deal programs.
30. Which of the following was true of the National Recovery Act (NRA)?
a. Its primary purpose was to aggressively enforce anti-trust laws.
b. It forbid the government from playing a role in setting prices for products.
c. It limited workers’ collective bargaining rights, causing unions to decrease in
prominence.
d. It allowed major industries to draft “codes of fair competition” and create fair labor
standards.
e. It required that individuals in poverty be given cash or a “dole.”
31. Which of the following is true of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)?
a. It prevented Americans from wasting food and crops and increased the number of
livestock.
b. It allowed hundreds of thousands of tenant farmers and sharecroppers to return to the
land to increase production.
c. It froze the prices of farm products and did not require new taxes.
d. It provided federal subsidies to farmers who cut farm production to raise crop prices for
all.
e. It lowered food prices to help unemployed Americans feed their families.
32. Which of the following statements about the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is
accurate?
a. It focused on providing equal opportunities for African Americans in the workforce.
b. Like the CCC, it was considered a failure and resulted in the end of the New Deal.
c. It was established to enforce Prohibition laws in poor parts of the country.
d. It brought flood control, reforestation, jobs, and hydroelectric power to Appalachia.
e. It discouraged the formation of unions in southern states.
33. Which of the following statements characterizes Eleanor Roosevelt as First Lady?
a. She promoted social reform and was an outspoken activist.
b. She considered hosting events in the White House her most important role.
c. She shied away from public speaking but sat in on important meetings.
d. She divorced Roosevelt and renounced the role of First Lady.
e. She wanted to have as little influence as possible and focused on supporting her
husband.
34. According to your textbook, Roosevelt’s early higher taxes of the first New Deal were often
criticized by __________ and __________.
a. farmers; Democrats
b. farmers; Populists
c. business leaders; political conservatives
d. Populists; whites
e. Native Americans; Democrats
35. Which of the following statements regarding African Americans and the New Deal is
correct?
a. Eleanor Roosevelt used her role to promote racial segregation and prejudice against
African Americans.
b. Although met with resistance, President Roosevelt put in enormous effort to help
eliminate existing American racism.
c. The New Deal greatly helped African Americans, especially through programs such as
the AAA and the FHA.
d. Even in the later years of the New Deal, African Americans were forbidden from
holding any government positions.
e. Many New Deal programs discriminated against African Americans, because President
Roosevelt feared angering conservative Southern Democrats..
36. The infamous Alabama court case that convicted nine black boys of raping two white
women on flimsy evidence is the case of the __________ boys.
a. Jonesboro
b. Scottsboro
c. Potomac
d. Alabama
e. Wright
37. What did the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 do?
a. It prevented tribes from having constitutions or expanding women’s rights.
b. It promoted tribal self-government.
c. It greatly improved the lives of Native Americans.
d. It forced Native Americans to assimilate into white society.
e. It prevented the Bureau of Indian Affairs from interfering in internal Indian matters.
38. The Louisiana native known as the “Kingfish” who criticized President Roosevelt was
a. Huey P. Long.
b. Francis E. Townsend.
c. Charles E. Coughlin.
d. Harry Hopkins.
e. Henry A. Wallace.
39. The Townsend Plan targeted aid toward which segment of the American population during
the Great Depression?
a. African Americans
b. Senior citizens
c. Native Americans
d. Mexican Americans
e. Women
40. “Radio priest” and Roosevelt critic Charles E. Coughlin created the __________ in 1935.
a. Share-the-Wealth Society
b. Townsend Plan
c. National Union for Social Justice
d. National Labor Relations Board
e. Economy Act
41. The Supreme Court in Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States ruled that
a. President Roosevelt should be given more federal authority to enact the New Deal.
b. President Roosevelt should end the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA).
c. the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) was unconstitutional.
d. Congress had given Roosevelt too much authority in labor relations.
e. the minimum wage in the United States needed to be raised.
42. Which of the following did the Second New Deal focus on?
a. A reduction in taxes on the wealthy
b. Preparations for the Second World War
c. Industry reforms
d. Increased taxes for the middle class
e. Programs to aid the old and infirm
43. The purpose of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) was to
a. help America’s urban youth.
b. aid America’s senior citizens.
c. employ out-of-work Americans.
d. help farmers keep their farms.
e. protect unions and union members.
44. What did the so-called Wagner Act do?
a. It regulated the stock market.
b. It protected American homeowners.
c. It worked to end unions in America.
d. It guaranteed American workers the right to organize.
e. It protected the civil rights of African Americans.
45. Because the Great Depression was especially hard on American senior citizens and those
with disabilities, the Second New Deal included the
a. Agricultural Adjustment Act.
b. Social Security Act.
c. Wagner Act.
d. National Industrial Recovery Act.
e. Wealth-Tax Act.
46. The first woman cabinet member in American history was
a. Eleanor Roosevelt.
b. Dorothea Dix.
c. Frances Perkins.
d. Mary McLeod Bethune.
e. Marion Anderson.
47. The __________ raised the tax rates on annual income of more than $50,000 during the
Second New Deal.
a. Agricultural Adjustment Act
b. Wagner Tax
c. Revenue Act of 1935
d. National Tax Act of 1935
e. Recovery Tax Act of 1936
48. This labor leader headed the United Mine Workers and supported President Roosevelt’s
Second New Deal.
a. Huey Long
b. Francis Townsend
c. Frances Perkins
d. John L. Lewis
e. Harry Hopkins
49. In his second presidential election in 1936, Democrat Franklin Roosevelt
a. received very few of the votes cast by African Americans.
b. barely won over Huey Long.
c. won in another landslide victory.
d. lost support in the West, but still won the election.
e. gained support among business owners and the wealthy.
50. In 1937, President Roosevelt tried to add six new justices to the Supreme Court. Why?
a. He wanted to mount a coup.
b. He wanted to change the court’s makeup to aid his policies.
c. He did not trust the justices already in place.
d. Congress gave him that right.
e. He believed the existing justices were overworked.
51. Franklin Roosevelt and the New Dealers went beyond the progressivism of Theodore
Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson by
a. insisting that the government provide at least a minimal level of support for all
Americans.
b. focusing primarily on aggressive regulation of industry to ensure that people had equal
opportunities.
c. successfully restoring prosperity and ending record levels of unemployment after the
Great Depression.
d. limiting social welfare programs as well as cutting back on the powers granted to the
federal government.
e. becoming socialists and seeking to undo the capitalist economic structure of the United
States.
1. Trace the election of 1932. How did each party settle on its respective nominee, and what
was the result of the election?
2. Describe the gains made by labor during the New Deal.
3. How did the nation’s perceptions of the role of government—its powers and
responsibilities—change in the 1930s?
4. Describe the various measures that President Roosevelt undertook in his first term to help
relieve the human misery in America.
5. Although the New Deal programs helped ease the devastation wrought by the Depression,
some widespread human suffering continued. Discuss this suffering and the hardships
Americans still faced.
6. Describe the impact of the Great Depression on society, paying special attention to its effect
on various population groups such as women, African Americans, Mexicans, and Asians.
7. Write an essay exploring the three phases of the federal government’s efforts to combat the
Great Depression. Summarize the strategies, tactics, and results of each phase.
8. Write an essay discussing the major criticisms aimed at the New Deal. In what way, if any,
were those criticisms handled?
9. Explain how Franklin D. Roosevelt attempted to win support of the American people for his
leadership during the economic crisis of the Great Depression.
10. Explain the main factors that contributed to the Great Depression in 1929 and compare and
contrast the responses President Hoover and President Roosevelt crafted to combat the
depression.
MATCHING
Match each person or event with one of the following descriptions.
a. Was the Republican presidential candidate in 1932
b. Proposed the Share-the-Wealth program
c. Resulted in the overturning of the original convictions in the Scottsboro case because the
judge had not ensured the accused were provided adequate defense attorneys
d. Was the BIA commissioner
e. Was the Republican presidential candidate in 1936
f. Resulted in the ruling that the systematic exclusion of African Americans from Alabama
juries had denied the Scottsboro defendants equal protection under the law
g. Proposed to pay $200 a month to those over sixty years old who retired and promised to
spend the money
h. Had a lifelong compassionate crusade on behalf of women, African Americans, and youth
i. Was a “radio priest”
j. Appointed by Roosevelt as Director of the Division of Negro Affairs within the National
Youth Administration
k. Told the story of a family of tenant farmers struggling to survive during the Great Depression
1. John Collier
2. Powell v. Alabama
3. Herbert Hoover
4. Alfred M. Landon
5. Norris v. Alabama
6. Charles E. Coughlin
7. Huey Long
8. Francis E. Townsend
9. John Steinbeck
10. Eleanor Roosevelt
11. Mary McLeod Bethune