20. Why was the Red Scare significant?
a. It convinced Congress to increase the number of immigrants from Europe.
b. It caused the downturn of nativism during the postwar period.
c. It created anti-immigrant hysteria in the wake of the end of the Great War.
d. It led to a decrease in the Hispanic Catholic population in the later 1920s.
e. It resulted in the great growth in union memberships over the 1920s.
21. A person who opposed immigration in the 1920s because it would dilute what it “meant to
be an American” would be subscribing to what type of viewpoint?
a. Nativism
b. Modernism
c. Fundamentalism
d. Socialism
e. Communism
22. The infamous ___________ case occurred amid terror attacks by anarchists, was overseen
by a very biased judge, and resulted in the conviction and execution of two working-class
immigrants.
a. Bryan and Tilton
b. Wilson and Roosevelt
c. Sacco and Vanzetti
d. Scopes and Darrow
e. Buchanan and Warley
23. Which of the following lowered the number of allowed immigrants from European nations
to 2 percent of the number who lived in the United States as reported in the 1890 census?
a. Immigration Act of 1924
b. Fourteenth Amendment
c. Non-Immigration Act
d. the Mellon Plan
e. Open Shop Act
24. Which of the following ethnic groups was forbidden from immigrating to the United States
by the immigration laws passed in the 1920s?
a. Serbian
b. German
c. Japanese
d. French
e. Spanish
25. What was an unintended consequence of the Immigration Act of 1924 in the United States?
a. The Hispanic Catholic population substantially increased.
b. The number of immigrants who entered the country each year increased overall.
c. The number of immigrants from southern and eastern Europe dramatically increased.
d. The number of communicable diseases in the country rose drastically.
e. The number of Chinese immigrants dramatically increased.
26. Which of the following statements about the Ku Klux Klan of the 1920s is accurate?
a. It abandoned the violent intimidation tactics of the Klan from the post–Civil War years.
b. Its membership was largely limited to the rural South.
c. It targeted groups such as Catholics and Jews as well as African Americans.
d. It underwent a surge in growth after 1930 after the conviction of David C. Stephenson.
e. It promoted the sale of bootleg liquor and condemned the idea of strict personal
morality.
27. The _______ Trial is a classic example of modernism versus fundamentalism.
a. Sacco Vanzetti
b. Plessy Ferguson
c. Scopes
d. Dred Scott
e. White Primary
28. Which of the following is one of the reasons that Prohibition failed?
a. Organized crime provided a steady supply of liquor.
b. Prohibition was no longer relevant after the war because most people didn’t drink
alcohol.
c. The Volstead Act targeted rich whites.
d. Al Capone violently enforced Prohibition laws.
e. Congress devoted too much funding to enforcing Prohibition laws.
29. During the 1920s, the greatest sustained support for the Eighteenth Amendment came from
a. civil rights activists.
b. rural Protestants.
c. poor whites in the South.
d. immigrants.
e. African Americans.
30. Why was Warren G. Harding selected to represent the Republican party in the 1920
election?
a. He had a lot of valuable political experience.
b. He strongly supported Wilsonian progressivism.
c. He disagreed with the idea of “America first,” emphasizing all countries’ needs.
d. The Republican Party could not agree on anyone else.
e. He sought to place strict regulations on corporations.
31. Harding campaigned on the platform of returning to “normalcy,” which meant
a. continuing the Progressive Era reforms.
b. emphasizing internationalism.
c. passing stricter anti-trust laws.
d. promoting conservative cultural values.
e. increasing the scope of the federal government.
32. What was the purpose of the Mellon Plan?
a. Economic growth through low taxes, spending, and high tariffs
b. Decreased immigration from Eastern Europe
c. Sweeping tax increases meant to increase the federal budget
d. Alliances with other powerful countries in anticipation of an arms race
e. Improved labor regulations for women and children
33. To protect their companies from becoming union shops, owners often employed the
_________ contract.
a. blacklist
b. yellow-dog
c. iron clad
d. bulletproof
e. inviable
34. After World War I came to an end, the United States actively practiced ______________ in
its relations with the rest of the world.
a. globalization
b. capitalism
c. isolationism
d. socialism
e. neo-conservatism
35. France and England tried to repay their World War I debts to the United States by collecting
reparations from
a. Italy.
b. Russia.
c. Germany.
d. Bulgaria.
e. Turkey.
36. To lower the risk of war, the United States was party to the ________ in 1921, which
limited the size of naval warships for those who signed the document.
a. Kellog-Briand Pact
b. Five-Power Treaty
c. Treaty of Versailles
d. Open Door Act
e. Mellon Plan
37. When President Harding died, he was replaced by
a. Franklin Delano Roosevelt.
b. Calvin Coolidge.
c. Herbert Hoover.
d. Woodrow Wilson.
e. James Cox.
38. As president, Calvin Coolidge pursued
a. increased government spending.
b. reparations with Germany.
c. the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles.
d. a determined path not to be an activist president.
e. stricter regulation of big business.
39. What best explains U.S. citizens’ overwhelming support for Coolidge in 1924?
a. The economy was going great, so citizens felt it would make sense to keep him on as
president.
b. The economy was collapsing, so citizens felt that they needed a change.
c. He was a moderate Democrat and had helped strengthen the Democratic party as
president.
d. He supported aggressive controls on the economy.
e. He supported war with Germany if they did not pay their reparations.
40. When Coolidge chose not to run for a second term of his own, the Republicans nominated
a. Franklin Roosevelt.
b. James Cox.
c. Warren Harding.
d. Herbert Hoover.
e. Albert Smith.
ESSAY
1. Discuss America’s turn toward nativism in the early 1920s. What motivated this ideology,
and what groups supported it?
2. Trace the rise of fundamentalism in the 1920s. Explain how this issue led to the Scopes
Trial and how that case was decided.
3. Describe America’s turn to Prohibition in the 1920s. What were the results of the
Eighteenth Amendment?
4. What did Warren G. Harding mean by “normalcy”? Is that a good term to describe the
1920s?
5. Discuss how corruption during the Harding administration became so widespread. Survey
the various scandals, and discuss the effects they had on the administration.
6. Write an essay describing the “consumer culture” that developed in the 1920s.
7. Describe the changes that took place in African American culture and the role they played
in early-twentieth-century America.
8. Discuss American foreign policy in the 1920s and its somewhat contradictory stance of
isolationism and foreign involvement.
9. Describe the 1928 election: the candidates, issues, results, and factors that helped make it
unique.
10. Describe and explain how the end of World War I ushered in the beginning of modernism in
the arts and literature?
MATCHING
Match each person with one of the following descriptions.
a. Wrote This Side of Paradise and coined the term the “Jazz Age”
b. Was called a “Wonder Boy” by Franklin Roosevelt but disappointed him by becoming a
Republican “progressive conservative”
c. Celebrated African American culture as a poet during the Harlem Renaissance
d. Was known as the “Empress of the Blues”
e. Acted as a leading spokesman for “Negro nationalism”
f. Defended the teaching of evolution in a highly publicized trial
g. Created sculptures during the Harlem Renaissance despite struggles with racism
h. Was known as the “Great Commoner” and fought for fundamentalism
i. Coined the term Aframerican and wrote about African Americans as “conscious
collaborators” in creating American society and culture
j. Young German physicist who discovered the theory of relativity
k. Was an accomplished aviator who disappeared while attempting to fly around the world
l. Played for professional baseball teams and was revered by working class men
m. Wrote experimentalist works in which words, rather than people, are the characters
1. Marcus Garvey
2. Bessie Smith
3. Clarence Darrow
4. Gertrude Stein
5. F. Scott Fitzgerald
6. William Jennings Bryan
7. Herbert Hoover
8. James Weldon Johnson
9. Langston Hughes
10. Augusta Savage
11. Albert Einstein
12. Amelia Earhart
13. Babe Ruth
