23. Roosevelt’s “Square Deal” featured
a. a plan that emphasized the intention of benefitting both rich and poor.
b. a plan that ignored the conservation of natural resources.
c. less government involvement in overseeing the actions of corporations.
d. policies that stressed a strict rather than loose interpretation of the Constitution.
e. the repeal of the Sherman Anti-Trust Act.
24. The first monopoly broken up by President Theodore Roosevelt was
a. U.S. Steel.
b. Northern Securities Company.
c. IGN Railroad.
d. American Oil Corporation.
e. General Electric.
25. Why was the 1902 coal strike significant?
a. Roosevelt intervened personally to break the strike.
b. There was no union participation in the strike.
c. The owners of the mines immediately agreed to meet workers’ demands.
d. The military took control of the mines for the year after the strike.
e. At the end of the strike, workers had worse hours than leading into the strike.
26. Which of the following statements about the Democrats in the election of 1904 is accurate?
a. They gained control of the Senate.
b. They experienced their best comeback in 12 years.
c. They won the Presidency.
d. They suffered their worst defeat in 32 years.
e. They gained control of the House of Representatives.
27. What book brought to light the abuses in the U.S. meatpacking industry in the early
twentieth century?
a. Ida Tarbell’s The Octopus
b. Jane Weaver’s For Whom the Bell Tolls
c. Upton Sinclair’s The Jungle
d. Henry Adams’ Not Here
e. Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s Through My Eyes
28. Which of the following did Roosevelt accomplish during his Presidency?
a. He set aside millions of acres of federal land for conservation purposes.
b. He created 11 new big businesses.
c. He ardently advocated the right of women to vote.
d. He established racial equality.
e. He made it illegal to possess alcohol.
29. Whereas President Theodore Roosevelt saw himself as a __________, President Taft saw
himself as a(n) __________.
a. leader uninfluenced by the idea of white superiority; president prone to prejudice
b. traditional and cautious thinker; champion of reform and innovation
c. crusader of reform; judge-like administrator
d. capitalist; socialist
e. candidate of the people; candidate of big business
30. What incident set off the Taft-Roosevelt feud?
a. The breakup of Standard Oil
b. The loss of the Lusitania and Taft’s refusal to declare war on Germany
c. The Ballinger-Pinchot controversy
d. The abolishment of slavery
e. Roosevelt’s refusal to follow the two-term tradition
31. Because of the Roosevelt-Taft feud, Theodore Roosevelt decided to
a. fill his cabinet with corporate lawyers.
b. break a pledge he had made to not seek another term in office.
c. open millions of acres of federal lands to commercial interests.
d. support Woodrow Wilson for president in 1912.
e. refuse to return to the United States while Taft was still president.
32. Which of the following statements regarding Woodrow Wilson’s “New Freedom” and
Roosevelt’s “New Nationalism” is accurate?
a. Wilson wanted to regulate trusts.
b. Roosevelt was opposed to government regulation of corporations.
c. Roosevelt rejected economic concentration with government regulation.
d. Wilson believed economic concentrations were unjust and should be destroyed.
e. Neither Roosevelt’s program nor Wilson’s program was considered to be progressive.
33. Woodrow Wilson won the presidency in 1912 because
a. he had already had a very long and successful political career.
b. Taft and Roosevelt split the Republican vote.
c. the voters knew Wilson would not take them to war in Europe.
d. the people were tired of Republican presidents.
e. he ran a better campaign than his opponents.
34. Which political party ran as a third party in the 1912 election?
a. Libertarian
b. Independent
c. Socialist
d. Reform
e. American
35. Which of the following statements best describes President Wilson?
a. He found it hard to understand and work with people who did not agree with him.
b. He was more interested in being loved than being right.
c. He saw the presidency as a balance between Congress and the Supreme Court.
d. He was the first imperial president.
e. He did not believe the Constitution constrained his powers as president.
36. What reason did Wilson give for proposing tariff reform?
a. To force American companies to compete with cheaper foreign goods
b. To combat misuse of the tariff by corporations
c. To pressure Germany to lower their hostility toward England
d. To smooth the way for the passage of the income tax
e. To protect the interests of U.S. corporations
37. Which of the following lowered tariff rates for the first time since the Civil War?
a. Hart-Smoot Act
b. Dingley Tariff
c. Underwood-Simmons Tariff
d. Mongrel Tariff
e. Federal Reserve Act
38. Part of Wilson’s anti–trust program was the
a. abolishment of the Interstate Commerce Commission.
b. creation of the Bureau of Corporations.
c. creation of the Federal Trade Commission.
d. abolishment of the Railroad Commission.
e. reenactment of the Bank of the United States.
39. In 1914, what did Wilson do to anger progressives?
a. He allowed trusts to be reformed.
b. He announced that his New Freedom plan was complete.
c. He backtracked on tariff reform.
d. He abolished segregation.
e. He enacted immigration restrictions.
40. Wilson’s definition of progressivism applied to __________ only.
a. the white
b. the rich
c. the poor
d. immigrants
e. native-born Americans
41. Which of the following statements about the African American cause during the Progressive
Era is accurate?
a. Booker T. Washington’s meeting with Roosevelt led to a major improvement in the way
the criminal justice system treated African Americans.
b. Government agencies were one of the few institutions that had been successfully
desegregated.
c. Wilson proclaimed that he had succeeded in the major goals of progressivism after just
two years in office but largely ignored African American causes.
d. African American women were the leaders of many suffrage organizations, which
became safe havens from racial prejudice.
e. Roosevelt and Taft were known for their progressivism when it came to civil rights for
African Americans, especially in decreasing the violence they faced.
42. President Wilson argued that women’s suffrage
a. should be enacted by federal legislation.
b. should be left to the states.
c. should be enacted by constitutional amendment.
d. should not be allowed.
e. was not an important issue.
43. Why did progressivism eventually fade around 1916?
a. The conflicts of the Great War rose to the forefront of American concerns, surpassing
domestic issues.
b. Progressivism had accomplished all of its major goals, such as measures addressing
child labor.
c. Progressivism had led to the widespread implementation of traditional laissez-faire
economics that decreased the role of the government.
d. The principle that federal, state, and local governments had the responsibility of
protecting Americans from corrupt politicians had not yet been established.
e. Progressivism had reached its peak during Roosevelt’s presidency, and in the years that
followed, people were far more worried about the economy.
ESSAY
1. Describe the origin of the progressive movement. What were the motives of the
progressives, and what were some of the specific reforms they pursued?
2. Write an essay discussing the expanding role of the federal government during the
Progressive Era. In what ways was the power of the government expanding? Why was that
power being expanded?
3. In what ways could the progressive movement be considered paradoxical?
4. Write an essay discussing the political changes wrought by the progressive movement.
5. Analyze the changes in business caused by the progressives.
6. Write an essay exploring the “efficiency movement” and how it both impacted industry and
politics.
7. Compare and contrast Roosevelt’s New Nationalism and Wilson’s New Freedom. In what
ways were they similar? In what ways were they different? How might one account for
those differences?
8. Analyze the issue of race during the progressive era.
9. What changes did progressivism bring to America? How was America different in 1920
from what it had been in 1900 because of progressivism?
10. Discuss the issue of conservation and what specific presidents during the Progressive Era
did to promote this important issue.
11. Describe the relationship between Theodore Roosevelt and William Howard Taft. Show
how the two men eventually found themselves running against each other for president.
12. In what ways was the election of 1912 significant?
MATCHING
Match each person with one of the following descriptions.
a. Was the original “efficiency expert”
b. Was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1904
c. Served as president of the Women’s Christian Temperance Union and broadened its scope
d. Was a Socialist party presidential candidate
e. Was the Progressive party presidential candidate in 1912
f. Influenced New Nationalism with The Promise of American Life
g. Was the owner of best-selling McClure’s magazine
h. Formed the National Woman’s Party and was jailed following a protest for woman’s suffrage
i. Was the first Jewish member of the Supreme Court
j. Spent years investigating John D. Rockefeller’s unethical and illegal approach to creating
trusts.
k. Served as a German-born Baptist minister and became the greatest champion of the Social
Gospel.
l. Promoted women’s suffrage across New York City in the 1870s.
1. Louis D. Brandeis
2. Herbert Croly
3. Eugene V. Debs
4. Sam McClure
5. Alton B. Parker
6. Theodore Roosevelt
7. Frances Willard
8. Alice Paul
9. Frederick W. Taylor
10. Ida Tarbell
11. Walter Rauschenbusch
12. Susan B. Anthony
