b. They were allowed to purchase land in designated areas only.
c. The federal government repealed the wartime policy of land redistribution.
d. State law forbid them from owning land.
e. They did not have an understanding of what it took to run a farm, and many lost their
land to foreclosure.
21. Sharecropping was a labor system in which the landowner provided land, seed, and tools to
poor farmers in exchange for
a. loyalty.
b. protection from disgruntled landowners.
c. 75% of the landowner’s income at harvest time.
d. a “share” of the crop.
e. a place of their own.
22. “Carpetbaggers” were
a. small organizations of people who sought to help newly freed slaves.
b. southern carpet layers looking for work after the war.
c. luggage handlers at railroad stations.
d. corrupt northern bankers.
e. individuals from the North seeking opportunity in the South after the war.
23. “Scalawags” were
a. southerners who opposed secession and joined the Republican party after the war.
b. northern men seeking opportunity in the South.
c. corrupt southern bankers.
d. small organizations of people who sought to help newly freed slaves.
e. dishonest politicians in the postwar South.
24. The Ku Klux Klan may have originated as a social club, but soon began intimidating
a. Democrats and liberals.
b. northern Republicans and Jews.
c. bankers and tax collectors.
d. blacks and white southern Republicans.
e. Union soldiers and carpetbaggers.
25. According to the textbook, one of the most significant aspects of Republican state
governments in the South was that they
a. were so generous to destitute southerners.
b. weakened the “good old boy” tradition of awarding government jobs to friends.
c. were able to recruit so many white men to the party.
d. lasted such a short time.
e. lasted such a long time.
26. The South Carolina state legislature after the Civil War opposed the Republican party
because both blacks and __________ were gaining political clout.
a. women
b. immigrants
c. poor whites
d. northern industrialists
e. Indians
27. Ulysses S. Grant was elected president in 1868 on a __________ platform.
a. racist
b. liberal
c. peace
d. racial equality
e. militaristic
28. Because of inexperience and lack of judgment, President Grant
a. was particularly popular among the masses.
b. was so unpopular that he barely survived one term in office.
c. took four years before becoming an effective politician.
d. chose unscrupulous men for his Cabinet.
e. was personally involved in numerous scandals.
29. Which of the following was a financial scandal during the Grant administration?
a. The Panic of 1873
b. The Great Depression
c. An attempt to monopolize oil prices
d. The crash of the steel industry
e. An attempt to corner the gold market
30. The presidency of Republican Ulysses S. Grant was characterized by
a. extreme competency and cooperation with the Democrats.
b. scandals at the highest ranks of national government.
c. bipartisanship and financial stability.
d. continuous and committed effort to end racial violence.
e. skilled handling of the debt crisis.
31. During Reconstruction, federal government-issued paper money was
a. favored by all Americans over hard currency.
b. called greenbacks.
c. the method of repayment preferred by creditors.
d. quickly discontinued.
e. the cause of deflation.
32. The economic depression triggered by President Grant’s effort to reduce the supply of paper
money in circulation was known as the
a. Panic of 1873.
b. Great Depression.
c. Great Recession.
d. Scandal of Epic Proportions.
e. End of Prosperity.
33. Two separate political parties—Liberal Republicans and Democrats—both nominated
__________ as their candidate for president in 1872.
a. George McClellan
b. Horace Greeley
c. Horatio Alger
d. Henry Clay
e. Benjamin Harrison
34. Which of the following presidents actively sought to diminish racial violence in the United
States during Reconstruction?
a. Lincoln
b. Johnson
c. Grant
d. Hayes
e. Taft
35. What did the Ku Klux Klan Act do?
a. It effectively eliminated the organization until the 1920s.
b. It created the organization as a social club.
c. It outlawed Klan activity such as wearing disguises.
d. It outlawed violent activity against Klan activities.
e. It outlawed anti-Klan protests in the South.
36. Which of the following were national political issues that competed with southern civil
rights concerns of the 1870s?
a. Women’s suffrage
b. Southern nationhood
c. Texas annexation
d. Indian wars
e. Mining industry strikes
37. White anti-Reconstruction Democrats who were regaining control of southern state
governments by 1870 were known throughout the South as
a. saviors.
b. Scalawags.
c. “the best men.”
d. southern disciples.
e. redeemers.
38. Which of the following was a promise made by the Republican party as part of the
Compromise of 1877?
a. They would reinstitute black codes.
b. They would repeal the Fourteenth Amendment
c. They would defund the Freedmen’s Bureau.
d. They would remove the remaining Union troops from the South.
e. They would deport the African Americans who had been freed.
39. Which of the following was true at the end of Reconstruction in the United States?
a. The new state governments kept their constitutions from before the war.
b. Union troops remained a major presence in the South under President Hayes.
c. Blacks were free, but their civil rights remained threatened.
d. Black politicians remained more prominent in new state administrations than whites.
e. Louisiana and South Carolina remained Republican governments for the next thirty
years.
40. What was the effect of Congressional Reconstruction?
a. It made equal rights for women much less likely in the future.
b. It created the constitutional foundation for further advances in civil rights.
c. It created true racial equality and substantial economic opportunities for African
Americans.
d. It was, at the end of the period, a movement southern Democrats supported.
e. It racially integrated southern cities and increased spending for schools for years after.
ESSAY
1. What were the major problems facing the nation in April 1865? What factors stood in the
way of a solution to those problems?
2. What problems did blacks in the South face during Reconstruction? What attempts did the
government make to solve those problems?
3. Explain how the lives of blacks changed politically and socially during Reconstruction.
4. Explain the three Reconstruction era amendments (Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteenth
amendments). What changes were made with each amendment, and why were those changes
needed?
5. What was the controversy of the presidential election of 1876? How was it resolved? How
did the results alter the Reconstruction process?
MATCHING
Match each person or group with one of these descriptions.
a. Was an African American and lieutenant governor of Louisiana
b. Was a leading Radical Republican senator from Massachusetts
c. Was secretary of war under Johnson until 1867
d. Was a black Mississippi native who was elected to the Senate
e. Assassinated President Lincoln at Ford’s Theatre
f. Was the Democratic presidential candidate in 1876
g. Opposed Grant in 1872 presidential election
h. Favored a drastic transformation of southern society after the Civil War
i. Said treason “must be made infamous and traitors must be impoverished”
j. Demanded that the Fifteenth Amendment include voting rights for women
1. Horace Greeley
2. Andrew Johnson
3. Pinckney Pinchback
4. Hiram Revels
5. Edwin M. Stanton
6. Radical Republicans
7. John Wilkes Booth
8. Charles Sumner
9. Samuel J. Tilden
10. Susan B. Anthony
